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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da atividade antidermatofitica de Protocatecuatos contra T. rubrum e T. interdigitale

Soares, Luciana Arantes [UNESP] 23 November 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soares_la_me_arafcf.pdf: 482117 bytes, checksum: 977f1b9fe29b6c45730789f06700afaa (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / São evidentes a necessidade de novas substâncias antifúngicas e a grande importância dos produtos naturais no desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas terapêuticas. Assim, neste estudo avaliou-se a atividade antifúngica dos derivados sintéticos esterificados do ácido protocatecuico. Todos os isolados apresentaram bons resultados ao teste de suscetibilidade aos derivados sintéticos do ácido protocatecuico demonstrando que 62,5% foram ativos em relação para dois isolados de T. rubrum (Tr1 e Tr2), T. rubrum MYA 3108 (Tr3) e isolado clínico T. interdigitale (Tm1) e 68,7%, para isolado clínico T. interdigitale (Tm2) e T. interdigitale ATCC 40131 (Tm3) dos 16 compostos testados. Como referência para avaliação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) foram considerados todos os resultados com valores ≤ 62,5 ug\mL. A combinação fluconazol mais protocatecuatos de pentila, hexila, heptila, octila e nonila foi aditivo para isolados clínicos Tr1, Tm1 e Tm3, exceto a combinação com fluconazol mais protocatecuato de heptila, que revelou um efeito sinérgico contra Tm3. A griseofulvina em combinação com protocatecuato de nonila mostrou atividade sinérgica em duas linhagens de dermatófitos, atividade aditiva para quatro linhagens. Oito derivados do ácido protocatecuico foram associados quimicamente com o miconazol sendo encontradas interações sinérgicas e aditivas. Foi testada a associação entre protocatecuatos e o antifúngico nistatina, resultando interações antagônicas, demonstrando assim que o polieno... / There is a clear need for new antifungal compounds, and the importance of natural products in the development of novel therapeutic tools. In this study, it was evaluated the antifungal activity of protocatechuic acid esters. All of the fungus isolated showed good results when testing susceptibility to synthetic derivatives of protocatechuic acid, showing that 62.5% were active against two strains of T. rubrum (Tr1 e Tr2), T. rubrum MYA 3108 (Tr3) and clinical isolate T.interdigitale (Tm1) and 68.7% for clinical isolate of T. interdigitale (Tm2) and T. interdigitale ATCC 40131 (Tm3) of the 16 compounds tested. Reference values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were considered ≤ 62.5 ug/ mL. The combination of fluconazole plus pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and nonyl protocatechuates was additive to clinical isolates Tr1, Tm1 and Tm3, except the combination fluconazole plus heptyl protocatechuate, which showed a synergistic effect on Tm3. Griseofulvin in combination with nonyl protocatechuate exhibited synergistic activity two towards dermatophyte strains, additive interaction for four strains. When eight protocatechuic acid derivatives were chemically associated with miconazole, were observed synergistic and additive effects. We tested the association between protocatechuates and nystatin, resulting in antagonistic interactions. Thus it demonstrated that have not a polyene antifungal best when... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
2

Estudo da atividade antidermatofitica de Protocatecuatos contra T. rubrum e T. interdigitale /

Soares, Luciana Arantes. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida / Banca: Anderson Assunção Andrade / Banca: Luis Octávio Regasini / Resumo: São evidentes a necessidade de novas substâncias antifúngicas e a grande importância dos produtos naturais no desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas terapêuticas. Assim, neste estudo avaliou-se a atividade antifúngica dos derivados sintéticos esterificados do ácido protocatecuico. Todos os isolados apresentaram bons resultados ao teste de suscetibilidade aos derivados sintéticos do ácido protocatecuico demonstrando que 62,5% foram ativos em relação para dois isolados de T. rubrum (Tr1 e Tr2), T. rubrum MYA 3108 (Tr3) e isolado clínico T. interdigitale (Tm1) e 68,7%, para isolado clínico T. interdigitale (Tm2) e T. interdigitale ATCC 40131 (Tm3) dos 16 compostos testados. Como referência para avaliação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) foram considerados todos os resultados com valores ≤ 62,5 ug\mL. A combinação fluconazol mais protocatecuatos de pentila, hexila, heptila, octila e nonila foi aditivo para isolados clínicos Tr1, Tm1 e Tm3, exceto a combinação com fluconazol mais protocatecuato de heptila, que revelou um efeito sinérgico contra Tm3. A griseofulvina em combinação com protocatecuato de nonila mostrou atividade sinérgica em duas linhagens de dermatófitos, atividade aditiva para quatro linhagens. Oito derivados do ácido protocatecuico foram associados quimicamente com o miconazol sendo encontradas interações sinérgicas e aditivas. Foi testada a associação entre protocatecuatos e o antifúngico nistatina, resultando interações antagônicas, demonstrando assim que o polieno... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: There is a clear need for new antifungal compounds, and the importance of natural products in the development of novel therapeutic tools. In this study, it was evaluated the antifungal activity of protocatechuic acid esters. All of the fungus isolated showed good results when testing susceptibility to synthetic derivatives of protocatechuic acid, showing that 62.5% were active against two strains of T. rubrum (Tr1 e Tr2), T. rubrum MYA 3108 (Tr3) and clinical isolate T.interdigitale (Tm1) and 68.7% for clinical isolate of T. interdigitale (Tm2) and T. interdigitale ATCC 40131 (Tm3) of the 16 compounds tested. Reference values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were considered ≤ 62.5 ug/ mL. The combination of fluconazole plus pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and nonyl protocatechuates was additive to clinical isolates Tr1, Tm1 and Tm3, except the combination fluconazole plus heptyl protocatechuate, which showed a synergistic effect on Tm3. Griseofulvin in combination with nonyl protocatechuate exhibited synergistic activity two towards dermatophyte strains, additive interaction for four strains. When eight protocatechuic acid derivatives were chemically associated with miconazole, were observed synergistic and additive effects. We tested the association between protocatechuates and nystatin, resulting in antagonistic interactions. Thus it demonstrated that have not a polyene antifungal best when... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
3

Valorisation d’extraits végétaux par la synthèse et caractérisation de composés phénoliques lipophilisés / Adding value to plant extracts by the synthesis and characterization of lipophilized phenolic compounds

Grajeda-Iglesias, Claudia 21 April 2016 (has links)
Les composés phénoliques sont des métabolites secondaires chez les végétaux, qui possèdent un large éventail de propriétés biologiques et fonctionnelles, par exemple antioxydantes, antimicrobiennes. Comme ils sont très répandus dans le règne végétal, les sous-produits issus de la transformation végétale représentent une source intéressante et peu coûteuse des polyphénols qui pourraient être utilisés comme additifs naturels, inoffensifs et multifonctionnels, avec une valeur de marché ajoutée. Toutefois, leur polarité limite leur utilisation dans des systèmes émulsionnés complexes, tels que ceux rencontrés en formulations cosmétiques, alimentaires, ou pharmaceutiques. Sur cette base, la lipophilisation s’est avérée être une stratégie efficace pour améliorer le caractère hydrophobe de ces composés bioactifs et, par conséquent, leurs propriétés fonctionnelles.Le principal objectif de ce travail a été d'ajouter de la valeur à des sources végétales riches en polyphénols par l'extraction, caractérisation et enfin, par lipophilisation des principaux polyphénols issus de ces sources. Dans ce contexte, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ou roselle, cultivée dans le monde entier et considérée comme une importante source d’anthocyanes, avec des propriétés colorantes uniques, ainsi que des propriétés antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes, a été utilisée pour l'extraction assistée par ultrasons, suivi d’une seule étape de fractionnement par chromatographie en phase liquide à basse pression, pour isoler ces principaux anthocyanes. Les composés ainsi obtenus ont été utilisés pour évaluer leur possibilité à être lipophilisés en utilisant différentes longueurs de chaînes alkyles. Egalement, les propriétés colorantes des anthocyanes issues d’hibiscus ont été calculées par la méthode de pH jumps. Ainsi, les constantes de pseudo équilibre (pK'a 2,9), d’acidité (pKa 3,7) et d’hydratation (pK'h 3,0) de la delphinidine-3-O-sambubioside, ont été estimées.La delphinidine-3-O-sambubioside et la cyanidine-3-O-sambubioside ont été les principaux anthocyanes obtenus à partir de l’extrait d'hibiscus. Ces composés ont été lipophilisés avec succès pour la première fois, par voie chimique. Les produits ont été caractérisés par des techniques de chromatographie et spectrométrie. L'acide protocatéchique (PA), qui peut être extrait de la fleur d'hibiscus, a été utilisé comme molécule modèle, et il a été lipophilisé par voie chimique avec une série homologue d'alcools. Afin d'évaluer l'impact de la lipophilisation sur leurs propriétés fonctionnelles, leur activités antioxydantes (DPPH, ORAC, CAT), et antifongique (méthode de microdilution) ont été évaluées avant et après lipophilisation. De manière générale, les molécules estérifiées avec des alcools de chaîne courte et moyenne (de C1 à C6) ont montré des activités améliorées par rapport au composé non estérifié.En conclusion, cette étude a montré que la lipophilisation, en utilisant une longueur de chaîne optimale, pourrait avoir un impact positif sur les propriétés antioxydantes et antifongiques des composés phénoliques. Ces travaux de thèse ont également démontré que cette stratégie peut être appliquée à différentes familles de composés phénoliques, tels que les anthocyanes et les acides phénoliques, pour l’obtention des molécules pouvant être potentiellement utilisées comme additifs dans des produits de formulation. / Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary plant metabolites with a broad range of inherent biological and functional properties e.g. antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, all bundled within the phenol functional group. Since they are one of the most widely distributed molecules in the vegetal kingdom, by-products issued from the vegetal processing represent an interesting and inexpensive source of polyphenols that could be used as natural, innocuous and multifunctional ingredients, with an added market value. However, the polarity of these phenolic compounds limits their use in complex emulsified systems, such as food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulations. Based on this, lipophilization has showed to be an efficient strategy to enhance the hydrophobicity of these bioactive compounds and, consequently, their functional properties. The aim of this work was to add value to polyphenol-rich plant sources by the extraction, characterization and finally, lipophilization of their predominant polyphenols. In this context, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or roselle flower, an inexpensive, worldwide produced source of anthocyanins, with unique color, and, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was used for ultrasound-assisted extraction and single-step fractionation by low-pressure liquid chromatography, to isolate its main anthocyanins. The obtained compounds were used to evaluate their suitability for lipophilization with different chain length alkyl donors. Moreover, the color properties of hibiscus anthocyanins were studied by the pH jumps method, which allowed the calculation of the pseudo equilibrium (pK'a 2.9), acidity (pKa 3.7) and hydration constants (pK'h 3.0).The obtained hibiscus anthocyanins (delphinidin-sambubioside and cyanidin-sambubioside) were successfully chemically lipophilized. The products were characterized by means of LC/ESI-MS. Moreover, protocatechuic acid (PA), which can be extracted from hibiscus flowers, was used as model molecule, and it was chemically lipophilized with a homologous series of alcohols. In order to evaluate the impact of the lipophilization on their functional properties, protocatechuates were assessed for their antioxidant (DPPH, ORAC, CAT), and antifungal (microdilution method) activity, before and after chemical lipophilization. In general, protocatechuates with short to medium alkyl chain lengths (from C1 to C6) showed improved activities compared to the parent compound. In conclusion, this study showed that, lipophilization using the optimal chain length could have a positive impact in the functional properties, e.g. antioxidant and antifungal activities, of phenolic compounds. Here was also demonstrated that this strategy can be applied to different families of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids, representing an alternative to synthesize molecules that might have potential use as additives in formulated products.
4

Biodegradable Multilayer Films for Active Food Packaging, Based on Starch and Polyesters with Phenolic Acids

Hernández García, Eva 21 March 2022 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] Se han desarrollado mediante termoprocesado películas multicapa biodegradables activas para el envasado de alimentos, combinando películas de almidón mejoradas y de una mezcla de poliésteres (PLA-PHBV), con diferentes ácidos fenólicos (ferúlico, p-cumárico y protocatecuico). En las películas almidón de yuca o de maíz se incorporaron gomas de origen microbiano (xantana y gelano) (10%) para mejorar sus propiedades funcionales. Las gomas mejoraron las propiedades mecánicas y de barrera al vapor de agua y al oxígeno de los films de almidón. Estos films se combinaron con films mezcla de PLA:PHBV en bicapas almidón-poliésteres por termocompresión. Las bicapas presentaron una alta capacidad barrera al oxígeno y al vapor de agua comparado con sus respectivas monocapas. La capa de poliéster contribuyó al refuerzo mecánico de la bicapa, aportando alta capacidad de barrera al vapor de agua, mientras que la capa de almidón aportó alta capacidad de barrera al oxígeno a la bicapa. La bicapa con almidón de yuca y goma gelano presentó la mejor adhesión entre capas, con propiedades funcionales adecuadas para el envasado de alimentos. Los ácidos ferúlico, p-cumárico y protocatecuico, con propiedades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes, se incorporaron (2%) en los films mezcla de PLA:PHBV para obtener films activos. Los ácidos fenólicos modificaron positivamente las propiedades de la mezcla de poliésteres, incrementando su módulo de elasticidad y resistencia a la fractura y su capacidad de barrera al vapor de agua y al oxígeno, al tiempo que aumentaron levemente la Tg del material. El ácido protocatecuico provocó los mayores efectos, afectando a la cristalización del PHBV. La liberación de estos compuestos en diferentes simulantes alimentarios (con polaridad alta e intermedia) fue muy limitada en cuanto a velocidad y cantidad liberada, lo que disminuyó la capacidad de las películas para inhibir de forma significativa el crecimiento de Listeria innocua inoculada en medio de cultivo. Estos films, con y sin compuestos activos, se desintegraron en condiciones de compostaje, sin efecto significativo de los ácidos fenólicos. Los films sin activos y con ácido ferúlico se biodegradaron completamente después de 20 días de compostaje, mientras que los films que contenían ácido p-cumárico y protocatecuico lo hicieron en 21 y 26 días, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, ninguno de los ácidos fenólicos incorporados inhibió el proceso de biodegradación, pero se retardó el proceso, dependiendo del grado de retención del compuesto en la matriz polimérica. Los films bicapa biodegradables constituidos por una capa de almidón-gelano y otra de PLA:PHBV, con y sin ácidos fenólicos, se caracterizaron en sus propiedades mecánicas y de barrera al vapor de agua y al oxígeno y se utilizaron para el envasado de carne de cerdo, evaluando su calidad durante el almacenamiento a 5 °C. La presencia de ácidos fenólicos disminuyó el módulo elástico y la tensión de fractura de las bicapas y mejoró su capacidad de barrera al vapor de agua y al oxígeno. Esto último, junto al efecto activo de los ácidos, contribuyó a mejorar la conservación de la carne durante el almacenamiento, reduciendo los niveles de oxidación lipídica, cambios de pH y pérdidas de peso de las muestras envasadas, así como el crecimiento microbiano, especialmente coliformes totales y bacterias ácido-lácticas. Los films bicapa biodegradables con ácidos fenólicos, a base de almidón y poliésteres, se muestran como una estrategia adecuada para obtener materiales de envasado activo, con propiedades funcionales próximas a las de algunos plásticos sintéticos comúnmente utilizados en el envasado de alimentos. Estos materiales pueden alargar la vida útil de los alimentos, mitigando el impacto ambiental de los envases plásticos ya que pueden ser compostados. / [CA] S'han desenvolupat, mitjançant termoprocesat, pel·lícules multicapa biodegradables actives per a l'envasament d'aliments, combinant pel·lícules de midó millorades i d'una mescla de polièsters (PLA-PHBV), amb diferents àcids fenòlics (ferúlic, p-cumàric i protocatecuic). En les pel·lícules midó de iuca o de dacsa es van incorporar gomes d'origen microbià (xantana i gellan) (10%) per a millorar les seues propietats funcionals. Les gomes van millorar les propietats mecàniques i de barrera al vapor d'aigua i a l'oxigen dels films de midó. Aquests films es van combinar amb films mescla de PLA:PHBV en bicapes midó-polièsters per termocompresió. Les bicapes van presentar una alta capacitat barrera a l'oxigen i al vapor d'aigua comparat amb les respectives monocapes. La capa de polièster va contribuir al reforç mecànic de la bicapa, aportant alta capacitat de barrera al vapor d'aigua, mentre que la capa de midó va aportar alta capacitat de barrera a l'oxigen a la bicapa. La bicapa amb midó de iuca i goma gellan va presentar la millor adhesió entre capes, amb propietats funcionals adequades per a l'envasament d'aliments. Els àcids ferúlic, p-cumàric i protocatecuic, amb propietats antimicrobianes i antioxidants, es van incorporar (2%) en els films mescla de PLA:PHBV per a obtindre films actius. Els àcids fenòlics van modificar positivament les propietats de la mescla de polièsters, incrementant el seu mòdul d'elasticitat i resistència a la fractura i la seua capacitat de barrera al vapor d'aigua i a l'oxigen, al mateix temps que van augmentar lleument la Tg del material. L'àcid protocatecuic va provocar els majors efectes, afectant la cristal·lització del PHBV. L'alliberament d'aquests compostos en diferents simulants alimentaris (amb polaritat alta i intermèdia) va ser molt limitada en quant a velocitat i quantitat alliberada, la qual cosa va disminuir la capacitat de les pel·lícules per a inhibir de manera significativa el creixement de Listeria innocua inoculada en medi de cultiu. Aquests films, amb i sense compostos actius, es van desintegrar en condicions de compostatge, sense efecte significatiu dels àcids fenòlics. Els films sense actius i amb àcid ferúlic es biodegradaren completament després de 20 dies de compostatge, mentre que els films que contenien àcid p-cumàric i protocatecuic ho van fer en 21 i 26 dies, respectivament. Per tant, cap dels àcids fenòlics incorporats va inhibir el procés de biodegradació, però es va retardar el procés, depenent del grau de retenció del compost en la matriu polimèrica. Els films bicapa biodegradables constituïts per una capa de midó-gellan i una altra de PLA:PHBV, amb i sense àcids fenòlics es van caracteritzar en les seues propietats mecàniques i de barrera al vapor d'aigua i a l'oxigen i es van utilitzar per a l'envasament de carn de porc, avaluant la qualitat a llarg del emmagatzematge a 5 °C. La presència d'àcids fenòlics va disminuir el mòdul elàstic i la tensió de fractura de les bicapes i va millorar la seua capacitat de barrera al vapor d'aigua i a l'oxigen. Això últim, junt a l'efecte actiu dels àcids, va contribuir a millorar la conservació de la carn durant l'emmagatzematge, reduint els nivells d'oxidació lipídica, canvis de pH i pèrdues de pes de les mostres envasades, així com el creixement microbià, especialment coliformes totals i bacteris àcid-làctics. Els films bicapa biodegradables amb àcids fenòlics, a base de midó i polièsters, es mostren com una estratègia adequada per a obtindre materials d'envasament actiu, amb propietats funcionals pròximes a les d'alguns plàstics sintètics comunament utilitzats en l'envasament d'aliments. Aquests materials poden allargar la vida útil dels aliments, mitigant l'impacte ambiental dels envasos plàstics ja que poden ser compostats. / [EN] Active biodegradable multilayer films have been developed by thermoprocessing for food packaging purposes, combining improved starch films and a blend of polyesters (PLA-PHBV), with different phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric and protocatechuic). Into the cassava or maize starch films, gums of microbial origin (xanthan and gellan) were incorporated (10%) to improve their functional properties. The gums improved the mechanical and barrier properties to water vapor and oxygen of the starch films. These films were combined with PLA:PHBV blend films in starch-polyester bilayers by thermocompression. The bilayers exhibited high barrier capacity to oxygen and water vapor compared to their respective monolayers. The polyester layer contributes to the mechanical reinforcement of the bilayer, providing high water vapor barrier capacity, while the starch layer provided high oxygen barrier capacity to the bilayer. The bilayer with cassava starch and gellan gum showed the best interlayer adhesion, with adequate functional properties for food packaging applications. Ferulic, p-coumaric and protocatechuic acids, with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, were incorporated (2%) in the PLA: PHBV blend films to obtain active films. Phenolic acids positively modified the properties of the polyester blend, increasing its elastic modulus and resistance to break and its barrier capacity to water vapor and oxygen, while slightly increasing the Tg of the material. Protocatechuic acid caused the greatest effects, affecting the crystallization of PHBV. The release of these compounds in different food simulants (with high and intermediate polarity) was very limited in terms of release rate and released amount, which reduced the ability of the films to significantly inhibit the growth of Listeria innocua inoculated in culture medium. These films, with and without active compounds, disintegrated under composting conditions, without significant effect of phenolic acids. Films without active compounds and with ferulic acid biodegraded completely after 20 days of composting, whereas films containing p-coumaric and protocatechuic acids did so in 21 and 26 days, respectively. Therefore, none of the incorporated phenolic acids inhibited the biodegradation process, but the process was delayed, depending on the degree of retention of the compound in the polymeric matrix. The biodegradable bilayer films with a layer of starch-gellan and another of PLA: PHBV, with and without phenolic acids, were characterized as to their mechanical properties and barrier capacity to water vapor and oxygen and were used for packaging of pork meat whose quality development was analysed throughout storage time at 5 °C. The presence of phenolic acids decreased the elastic modulus and resistance to break of the bilayers and improved their barrier capacity to water vapor and oxygen. The latter, together with the active effect of the acids, contributed to improving the preservation of the meat during storage, reducing the levels of lipid oxidation, changes in pH and weight losses of the packed samples, as well as microbial growth, especially total coliforms and lactic acid bacteria. Biodegradable bilayer films with phenolic acids, based on starch and polyesters, appeared as a suitable strategy to obtain active packaging materials, with functional properties close to those of some synthetic plastics commonly used in food packaging. These materials can extend the shelf-life of foods, mitigating the environmental impact of plastic packaging since they can be composted. / The authors would like to thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain, for funding this study through the Project AGL2016-76699-R and PID2019-105207RB-I00, and the predoctoral research grant # BES-2017-082040 / Hernández García, E. (2022). Biodegradable Multilayer Films for Active Food Packaging, Based on Starch and Polyesters with Phenolic Acids [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181473 / TESIS / Compendio

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