Apresentaremos um estudo sobre a produção inclusiva de hádrons em colisões próton-próton (pp), através do espectro pT do momento transverso dos hádrons produzidos. É esperado que em regiões de grande densidade de glúons, que come çam a serem provadas por aceleredores de grande energia, a abordagem tradicional da QCD perturbativa não seja su ciente. Tal regime é caracterizado por fortes campos de cor descritos pela teoria efetiva do condensado de vidro de cor (CGC), mais apropriado neste caso para descrever os observáveis. Consideramos também uma possível extensão do modelo colinear, obtida pela adição de uma distribuição gaussiana inicial, que considera um momento transverso intrínsico anterior à interação dos pártons. Tal abordagem pode corrigir as de ciências do modelo colinear sem que tenhamos que recorrer ao CGC em algumas regiões cinemáticas. O modelo colinear é baseado na consagrada evolução DGLAP das funções de distribuição de pártons, prevendo uma forma de fatorização para calcularmos as seções de choque. Mas, quando consideramos regiões de grande densidade, é provável que outra forma de evolução governe a dinâmica das funções de onda hadrônica, levando estas até um regime saturado. Adentrando nesta região incerta, o modelo de fatorização colinear não é satisfatório e devemos considerar outras formas menos estabelecidas para gerar previsões sobre o espectro pT. Como resultado deste trabalho, comparamos estas abordagens distintas e as confrontamos com dados experimentais do RHIC e LHC. / We present a study of single inclusive hadron production in proton-proton collisions (pp) through the spectra of the transverse moment pT of the produced hadrons. It is expected that in regions of high density of gluons, which begin to be probed by high energy accelerators, the traditional approach of perturbative QCD is not enough. Such a regime is characterized by strong color elds described by the e ective theory of color glass condensate (CGC), more appropriate in this case to describe the observables. We also consider a possible extension of the collinear model, given by the addition of an initial Gaussian distribution, which considers an intrinsic transverse moment prior to the interaction of the partons. Such approach can correct the limitation of the collinear model without having to appeal to CGC in some kinematic regions. The collinear model is based on the established DGLAP evolution of the parton distribution functions, which provides a form of factorization to calculate the cross sections. But when we consider regions of high density, it is likely that another form of evolution governs the dynamics of the hadronic wave functions, guiding them to a saturated regime. Advancing in this uncertain region, the collinear factorization model does not work and we must consider less well-established ways to generate predictions about the pT spectrum. We compare these distinct theoretical approaches and confront their results against the RHIC and LHC data.

A aplicabilidade e usos de propagadores de glúon modificados na Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD) em diferentes espécies de processos é analisada. Os propagadores modificados de glúon são obtidos por diversos métodos, em especial, as equações de Dyson-Schwinger e simulações numéricas em teoria de campos na rede. Os processos em que estes propagadores são empregados em QCD podem ser divididos em duas classes: os difrativos e os perturbativos. Nos primeiros, a troca do pomeron é relevante e as propriedades infravermelhas da teoria são importantes, como no espalhamento elástico próton-próton e na produção de mésons vetoriais massivos. Os processos perturbativos, como o decaimento de mésons massivos e fatores de forma de mésons, aparentemente não permitem o uso de um propagador modificado, entretanto, o uso destes permite uma melhor descrição dos dados experimentais, assim como no caso dos processos difrativos.

A search for Higgs boson pairs produced in the decay of high mass exotic resonances is presented. The search uses the bb̄bb̄ final state, analyzing 139 fb⁻¹ of proton–proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector. Spin-0 and spin-2 benchmark signal models are considered and no significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed. The search is combined with a complementary analysis for lower mass resonances to set upper limits on the production cross-section times HH branching ratio of new resonances in the mass range of 251 GeV to 5 TeV. In addition, the methodology for the in-situ calibration of a novel double-b-tagging algorithm (Xbb2020) using gluon to bb̄ decays is presented. Preliminary scale factors for Monte-Carlo simulation are computed using 139 fb⁻¹ of √s = 13 TeV pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector. The completed calibration will allow the Xbb2020 algorithm to be used in future ATLAS searches for H → bb̄ decays.

In this thesis a production of J/ψ meson in pp and heavy-ion collisions was investigated. A comparison between Monte Carlo generator and data by ATLAS experiment at CERN was done. PYTHIA version 8.2 was chosen for the Monte Carlo generator. In the first part, comparisons of several configurations of PYTHIA were used to establish the best matching of the Monte Carlo to the data using collisions with centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Choice of parton distribution functions was found not to be important, while presence or absence of initial and final state radiation were proven to have an important impact on the result. In the second part, correlation of J/ψ meson and the jet production was quantified. Anti-kt algorithm with R = 0.4 was used to reconstruct jets. Pairs of muons were used to identify J/ψ meson candidates. Only less than 10% of J/ψ mesons were found to be associated with jets. 1

Longstanding evidence from observational astronomy indicates that non-luminous "dark matter" constitutes the majority of all matter in the universe, yet this mysterious form of matter continues to elude experimental detection. This dissertation presents a search for dark matter at the Large Hadron Collider using 139 fb\(^{-1}\) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s} = 13\,\)TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector from 2015 to 2018. The search targets a final state topology in which dark matter is produced from the proton-proton collisions in association with a pair of W bosons, one of which decays to a pair of quarks and the other to a lepton-neutrino pair. The dark matter is expected to pass invisibly through the detector, resulting in an imbalance of momentum in the plane transverse to the beam line. The search is optimized to test the Dark Higgs model, which predicts a signature of dark matter production in association with the emission of a hypothesized new particle referred to as the Dark Higgs boson. The Dark Higgs boson is predicted to decay to a W boson pair via a small mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson discovered in 2012. Collisions that exhibit the targeted final state topology are selected for the search, and an approximate mass of the hypothetical Dark Higgs boson is reconstructed from the particles in each collision. A search is performed by looking for a deviation between distributions of the reconstructed Dark Higgs boson masses and Standard Model predictions for the selected collisions. The data is found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction, and the results are used to constrain the parameters of the Dark Higgs model. This search complements and extends the reach of existing searches for the Dark Higgs model by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. / Graduate

The correlation between the carbon-proton and proton-proton coupling constants have been studied in various 13 systems. Isocrotonic acid-carboxyl-3C, crotonic acid- 13 13 carboxyl-3C, and 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid-carboxyl-3C- 1,5,6,7,7-hexachloro were synthesized and their carbonproton coupling constants were analyzed. Nmr studies showed the magnitudes of the carbon-proton coupling constants to correlate well with analogous protonproton coupling constants, although the values of the couplings were larger than expected. The geminal olefinic couplings were considerably larger than all other couplings, but they were self-consistent. The signs of the carbon-proton coupling constants also were in agreement without exception with the signs of analogous proton-proton coupling constants.

<p> Some aspects of the nucleon-nucleon interaction are investigated. Phase-equivalent families of rank-two separable potentials are derived by inverting the on- shell phaseshifts. The off-shell properties of these potentials are examined and shown to be well behaved. These and additiona l pairs of phase-equivalent local and separable potentials are included in a proton-proton bremsstrahlung calculation. In particular, the off-shell dependence of the cross sections is shown to be small. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A search for the production of three massive vector bosons with at least one Z boson is presented. 140 fb⁻¹ of pp collisions at center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018 are analyzed. Events with three leptons and at least one reconstructed jet are discussed, targeting the WWZ → lνqqll and WZZ → lνqqll decay channels. Evidence for the searched-for production process is observed. Additional results demonstrating the combination of the three lepton search with searches including four or more leptons are shown. Pending the unblinding and combination of these results, there is potential for the discovery of the searched-for production process.

M.S.

Approximately 6,000 two prong events from proton-proton interactions at 2.8 Bev/c have been analyzed in order to study single π° production. The center-of-mass momentum distributions of the final state protons and pions have been found to be in generally good agreement with the theoretical predictions based upon the Isobar model. The distribution of the square of the four-momentum transfer to the target proton shows a very strong tendency towards small momentum transfer, i.e. glancing collisions. In addition the center-of-mass angular distribution of protons shows a very strong forward-backward peaking, thus indicating the presence of high partial waves in the interaction process. In general, all data is in good qualitative agreement with the One Pion Exchange (OPE) model. The Treiman-Yang test has been applied to test the validity of OPE. The nearly isotropic distribution of the Treiman-Yang angle is indicative of the fact that one pion exchange is by far the predominant interaction mechanism. The Dalitz plot and the pπ° effective mass distribution both clearly show the formation of the isobar N*_3/2 (1236) and both also show some indication of the formation of Ni*_1/2 (1518), but this latter isobar does not show up so strongly as the former because the cross-section for the , formation of Ni*_1/2 is quite small. Finally, the angular distribution of the pion in the isobar rest system relative to the direction of the beam proton as seen in the isobar system does not show the expected 1 + 3 cos² θ dependence. The observed dependence is approximately 1 - 0.4 cos θ + 0.6 cos² θ. It is believed that the discrepancy may be accounted for by interference effects between the two isobars. / M.S.