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The land use problem that exists in Cathedral Park and the area on either side has been described and enough background information has been obtained to identify the existing problems and propose possible solutions. Cathedral Park was created as a Class 'A' Provincial Park in 1968, mainly due to the efforts of a Parks Society, the Okanagan-Similkameen Parks Society (OSPS). The 18,217 acres included at present in the Park are considered by the Society to be insufficient to afford adequate protection to the delicate features in the Park. It has been suggested that a buffer zone would, among other things, provide the required protection, would enlarge the Park to meet future increased demands for outdoor recreation areas, and through the use of natural boundaries would facilitate the management of the area for recreation. The OSPS has proposed that the present Park boundaries be extended to include an area of about 83,000 acres. On both sides of the Park, grazing and forestry are at present in practice. There also are a few mineral claims. Most of the region's natural resource users would rather see a combined use made of this area with recreation, grazing, and forestry being practiced simultaneously. To protect their interests they have grouped themselves into the British Columbia Interior Resource Users Council. The conflict between the preservationists (recreationists) and the traditional resource users has been in existance for a few years with both organizations exerting pressure on the government at different levels. This thesis sums up the situation and after an overall look at the problem proposes solutions to the conflict. Initially it was intended to evaluate economically several alternatives, but as the situation was studied in depth, new problems unrelated to the economics of the different alternatives emerged. Because many aspects are social and political the economics of this land use problem have been relegated to a secondary position. Revenues that would be lost as a result of reservation of the 83,000 acres for recreation and exclusion of other natural resource users, are important nonetheless. They ought to play an important role in developing solutions to the problem and are associated with several long standing contractual obligations to resource users that should not be dismissed lightly. In the initial stages of research many references were consulted. Once a general idea had been obtained of the problems and groups involved in the conflict, several trips were made to the region and taperecordings were made of interviews held. Four visits were made to the Park in order to gain familiarity with the area. Correspondence was maintained with government officials and concerned parties. As a result of the investigation it was concluded that at present it would be politically difficult and probably socially and economically undesirable to increase park acreage. It is suggested an integrated use of the area be practiced and that it be used as a case study in which the government can demonstrate its capacity to anticipate, meet, and solve land use problems effectively. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

This thesis studies the use and management of a portion of the backcountry in Manning Provincial Park, located 140 miles east of the Vancouver area. Like many other North American wildlands near urban centres. Manning Park is experiencing increased pressure due to population growth in the surrounding area and the current popularity of hiking and camping activities. Demand for backcountry recreation areas appears to be increasing faster than new lands are added to park systems. The result: trails and campsites become more crowded, with possible negative effects on both the physical environment and on the "wilderness experience" of hikers. Environmental quality deterioration, which may indicate that a given area's biophysical carrying capacity has been exceeded, can include pollution of streams, presence of litter, and the chopping of live trees for firewood. Psychological consequences of heavy use have been recognized more recently as important for backcountry management. These refer to the hiker's tolerance for other humans in the area, for some backpackers the wilderness experience is enhanced by social encounters, while for certain individuals, the mere evidence of another camping party can ruin a trip. Little information on Manning Park's backcountry— biophysical characteristics and problems, and visitor numbers, types and needs—has been collected. Additionally, it is felt managers and planners have not given adequate attention to the preferences and opinions of backcountry visitors. Thus, the following steps were undertaken: 1) An examination of various management choices available in planning for backcountry hiking areas, through a review of relevant literature; 2) A case study of the backcountry of Manning Park, focusing on the Heather Trail. First, data were obtained regarding visitors--their backgrounds, preferences for backcountry facilities, numbers of visitors, and management alternatives. Half-hour personal interviews were conducted at campsites in the summer of 1975, followed up with mailed questionnaires in October 1975. Second, information about present management practices, planned future developments, and the opinions of managers on backcountry use and development, was obtained. Personal interviews were conducted with naturalists, administrators, and planners, and the conceptual plan developed fox the area by the Parks Branch planners was examined. 3) Suggestion of practicable management procedures which would help to create a backcountry environment meeting user needs and desires, while aiding in the maintenance of environmental quality. The case study revealed that managers lack the data on use levels, visitor opinions, and environmental conditions, which would greatly assist future management and planning efforts. Visitors, too, lack information concerning the park, its features, and facilities. Additionally, they are not exposed to information about the proper types of behaviour, those least likely to damage the biophysical environment. Two primary reasons exist for this deficiency: the park supplies little information, and visitors tend to avoid the Nature House, thus not receiving the available information. The following recommendations were set forward: 1) That a hiker registration system be implemented; 2) That mere extensive information be made available, and that visitors be encouraged to take advantage of it; *3 That a naturalist be hired to hike the Heather Trail loop during peak use times; *4 That unobtrusive physical measures be taken to curb trail erosion and widening; *5 That a new lec-p trail be constructed connecting the Three Brothers peaks; and *6 That park managers participate in seminars and workshops dealing with biophysical and psychological carrying capacity problems in the backccuntry, and various workable solutions to them. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The Provincial Congress assumed the leadership of North Carolina at a time when, almost simultaneously, the seeds of the American Revolution were beginning to take root throughout the neighboring provinces. The task faced by that body was, therefore, not only one of reinstituting their own civil government, but also of providing for the protection of North Carolina and working, in union, for the defense of the entire continent.

In present Taiwan society, ethnic issue is the most sensitive and unavoidable issue. The ¡§Taiwanese - Provincial¡¨ concept divides people in Taiwan into two ethnic groups, and these two groups have different ethinic memories and specific political attitudes. But the classification isn¡¦t preexistent. People learn to recognize the society and political affairs in Taiwan by using ¡§Taiwanese - Provincial¡¨ concepts when they grow up with political socialization. Some people consider that KMT regime give Provincial some preferential treatments in economic side. Therefore, the article hopes to depict the basic appearance of ¡§party-state system¡¨ by KMT regime, and find the provincial discriminating system in economic side under the special historical background. Furthermore, the article hopes to find the relationship between the Provincial ethnicity construction and the discriminating system. The research detects KMT regime constructed provincial discrimination in economic side after withdrawing to Taiwan and building party-state system. KMT regime constructed these discrimination and enforced the historical memories of ¡§withdraw from mainland China¡¨, and made separate provincial crowd forming the ethnic consciousness of ¡§Provincial¡¨. Finally Provincial become a new ethnic group, and inter-verify with ethnic theories

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Student Number : 0110272F - MSc research report - School of Architecture and Planning - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / With global socio-economic restructuring, a phenomenon that has a tremendous impact of the way nation-states interact with each other, the rise of the sub-national level of government has been celebrated. From a new regionalist prospective, the region is canonised as a functional space and an arena effectively negotiate with the challenges and opportunities posed by globalisation. The region - that is the province, is well positioned to effectively translate national policies and projects in a reality. Without necessarily displacing the national-state as a focal point for economic governance and development, the region particularly in developed countries has played a pivotla role in shaping the way societal activities are approached. With the subsequent devolution of political power form the centre to the sub-national government, the latter has proved to be more developmental primarily in its approach to strategic development. Using new Regionalism (NR) as a launch pad, this researhc seeks to unravel and effectively engage with the debates around regional-scale planning. The regional-scale planning experiences from the United Kingdom (UK), Netherlands and India will be explored. Most importantly, the current role the provincial sphere in South Africa will be explored. Realising that the South African planning system is in a process of being redefined and refined, the relevance and importance of the provincial sphere in monitoring local government planning activities cannot be undermined.