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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo de catalisadores de cobre suportados para a reação de oxidação preferencial do CO

Maciel, Cristhiane Guimarães 30 June 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3347.pdf: 3138949 bytes, checksum: 3d15697c0ec72d64e00515ac7bb7f7bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The CO preferential oxidation reaction (PROX-CO) has been widely studied in last few years. Aiming H2 purification for proton-exchange membrane cells (PEMFC) use, the main role of the PROX-CO reaction should be reduce the CO contained in reformed gas to an acceptable level of CO concentration that do not provoke deactivation of Pt electrocatalyst. The search for substitutes for noble metals like Pt and Au, the first catalysts tested in PROX reaction, has been the subject of several studies. Among the proposed new solid, the Cu-O-Ce have received considerable attention. These catalysts have been shown be active and selective for PROX-CO in a temperature range that is appropriate for application in PEMFC cells and are materials of low cost. The metal-support interface of Cu-O-Ce system favors the CO oxidation reaction and some properties as metallic dispersion, particle size and morphology are determinants for the better performance of these catalysts. Therefore, in this present work, xCuO/CeO2 and xCuO/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst (where x is the copper loading) were synthesized, characterized and tested in the CO preferential oxidation reaction. The effects of metal content, support composition, support preparation method and catalysts preparation method were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the metallic content influences the catalytic performance and the catalyst with 1% of copper content was the most active and selective for the PROX-CO. That catalyst also showed the best performance at lower temperature reaction. The study of the effect of support nature in the PROX-CO reaction showed that the strong interaction copper-ceria is a determining factor for the good performance of the catalysts. With alumina or ceria/alumina supports, the metal-support interaction is weaker and, in consequence, the catalysts were less active and selective. The preparation method study of ceria support showed that morphologic characteristics from its synthesis lead to different results of catalytic activity. The catalyst preparation method was important to catalytic activity results. The solids prepared by impregnation and citrate method were more active and selective than others. Although the catalysts synthesized by the deposition-precipitation and co-precipitation methods have also been active for the PROX-CO. / A reação de oxidação preferencial do CO (PROX-CO) tem sido extensivamente estudada nos últimos anos. Com o objetivo de purificar o H2 para o uso nas células a combustível do tipo membrana polimérica (PEMFC), esta reação reduz os níveis de CO que saem do gás reformado para valores tolerados pelo eletrocatalisador de platina. A busca por substituintes de metais nobres como Pt e Au, os primeiros catalisadores utilizados na reação de PROX-CO, tem sido o objetivo de vários estudos. Entre os sólidos propostos para este objetivo, o sistema Cu-O-Ce tem atraído considerável atenção. Estes catalisadores mostram-se ativos e seletivos para em temperaturas apropriadas para aplicação nas células PEMFC, além de apresentarem custo baixo. A interface metal-suporte do sistema Cu-O-Ce favorece a reação de oxidação do CO e algumas de suas propriedades como dispersão metálica, tamanho de partícula e morfologia são determinantes para o bom desempenho destes catalisadores. Neste presente trabalho, catalisadores do tipo xCuO/CeO2 e xCuO/CeO2-Al2O3 (onde x é o teor de cobre) foram sintetizados, caracterizados e testados na reação de oxidação preferencial do CO. Os efeitos do teor metálico, composição do suporte, método de preparação do suporte e dos catalisadores foram estudados. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o teor metálico influencia na atividade catalítica e que o sólido com 1% de cobre foi o mais ativo e seletivo para a PROX-CO, uma vez que a dispersão do metal na superfície do suporte, mostrada pelas técnicas de caracterização, favorece a reação de PROX-CO. Este catalisador também mostrou melhor desempenho em baixas temperaturas. O estudo do efeito do suporte na reação de PROX-CO mostrou que a forte interação cobre-céria é um fator determinante para o bom desempennho catalítico. Com os suportes alumina pura ou céria/alumina, a interação metalsuporte é mais fraca e, como conseqüência, os catalisadores são menos ativos e seletivos, seja a altas temperaturas de reação, seja a baixas temperaturas reacionais. O método de preparação da céria mostrou que as características morfológicas de cada síntese levam a diferentes resultados catalíticos. E pelas análises de MEV e MET, mostrou-se que no método de preparação hidrotérmico, o cobre está mais disperso na superfície. O método de preparação dos catalisadores foi importante nos resultados de atividade catalítica. Os sólidos preparados por impregnação e pelo método do citrato apresentaram-se mais ativos e seletivos que os preparados pelos outros métodos, embora os preparados por deposiçãoprecipitação e co-precipitação também tenham sido ativos para a PROX-CO.
2

Catalisadores bimetálicos Pt-Fe/CeO2 para a reação de oxidação preferencial do CO

Mattos, Luciana Vieira 31 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3065.pdf: 1202640 bytes, checksum: 62fc4113b41adbcf24a0c34bb080f6d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The objective of this work is to study the preferential oxidation (PROX) of carbon monoxide in H2-rich feed streams over Pt-Fe/CeO2 catalysts in a feed gas composed of 3% CO, 1.5% O2, 80% H2, and N2 (for balance). The temperature effect (in the 100-300ºC range) and the Pt and Fe load ones were also analyzed. In order to further understand those catalysts performance, a study comparing them to the monometallic Pt/CeO2 and Fe/CeO2 catalysts, both prepared identically with the same Pt and Fe loading, was conducted. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and the support by the hydrothermal method. The solids were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), B.E.T Surface Area and Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR). The catalytic reaction experiments were conducted under atmospheric pressure. The results pointed that the activity and selectivity curves of the Pt/CeO2 catalysts showed a decrease on the 100 -200ºC temperature range. Conversely, both curves of conversion and selectivity became increasingly above 200ºC, suggesting the occurrence of the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The 0.6% Pt/CeO2 catalyst was not only the most active at 200ºC but also the most selective in the whole temperature range for the PROX reaction. Furthermore, an increase in CO conversion was shown by all promoted catalysts, in which the 3% Pt catalyst presented the strongest promoter effect, with a significant increase on both CO conversion and selectivity. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a reação de oxidação preferencial do monóxido de carbono (PROX), em um fluxo rico em H2, sobre catalisadores Pt-Fe/CeO2 sob um fluxo de alimentação contendo 3,0% CO, 1,5% O2, 80% H2 e N2 para o equilíbrio. Avaliou-se o efeito da temperatura e do teor de Pt e Fe. Para um melhor entendimento do comportamento desses catalisadores foi feito um estudo comparativo com catalisadores monometálicos preparados de forma idêntica e contendo os mesmos teores de Pt e Fe. Os catalisadores foram preparados por impregnação e o suporte pelo método hidrotérmico. Os sólidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios-x (DRX), área superficial específica (B.E.T) e redução à temperatura programada (TPR). Os experimentos de reação catalítica foram conduzidos sob pressão atmosférica. Os catalisadores de Pt/CeO2 apresentaram um decréscimo tanto na curva de conversão quanto na de seletividade no intervalo de temperatura de 100 a 200ºC. Acima de 200ºC as curvas de conversão e seletividade tornam-se crescentes sugerindo a ocorrência da reação de deslocamento gás-água. O catalisador 0,6% Pt/CeO2 foi o mais ativo até 200ºC e mais seletivo em todo o intervalo de temperatura. Todos os catalisadores bimetálicos apresentaram um aumento na conversão de CO, sendo que o efeito do ferro foi mais pronunciado no catalisador de 3%Pt-3,0%Fe/CeO2, aumentando significativamente a conversão de CO e a seletividade.
3

Structure Sensitivity Of Selective Co Oxidation Over Precious Metal Catalysts

Atalik, Bora 01 February 2005 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, the effect of Pt particle size on the reaction rate and selectivity of preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) reaction was investigated on Pt/Al2O3. 2% Pt/&amp / #947 / -Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness method / the particle size of the catalysts was modified by calcination temperature and duration. Therefore, the relative amounts of low and high coordination atoms on the metal particle surface can be changed. Over these catalysts, first, the CO oxidation reaction was studied in the absence of hydrogen. The catalyst having the highest dispersion, i.e., lowest metal particle sizes, had the highest activity as indicated by its lowest light-off temperature. On the other hand, the turnover frequencies (TOF) of the catalysts were increasing with decreasing dispersion. The activation energy of the catalysts were also compared and examined: as the particle size increased, the activation energy decreased. In the second part, preferential oxidation of CO reaction in the presence of hydrogen was studied. Both CO conversion and selectivity first increased with increasing reaction temperature, then exhibited a maximum, and finally decreased. Both CO conversion and selectivity did not show any trend for different dispersed catalysts for &amp / #955 / (2PO2/PCO) was 1. In order to reach a definite conclusion about the structure sensitivity of selective CO oxidation, the experiments with different &amp / #955 / &rsquo / s and space times over the same catalysts should be performed.
4

Preparation of zeolite-based catalysts and zeolite thin films for environmental applications

Navlani-García, Miriam 06 November 2014 (has links)
No description available.

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