Objetivo: Determinar potenciales factores de riesgo para diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital Alberto Sabogal mediante recolección de historias clínicas del 2009 a 2014. Se define como caso las gestantes con diagnóstico de DMG mediante una prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (PTOG), previa glucosa en ayunas anormal y control a la gestante sin valores indicativos de DMG. Las variables de interés fueron paridad, antecedente de cesáreas, abortos y recién nacido con mayor peso. Modelos de regresión logística fueron calculados para estimar odd ratios (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se incluyeron 84 casos y 336 controles. En el modelo multivariado, la multiparidad incrementó el riesgo de DMG (OR= 3,54; IC95% 1,55 – 8,14). También, antecedente de abortos, a partir del segundo aborto (OR= 3,40, IC95% 1,55 – 7,44) y cesáreas previas (1 cesárea OR= 3,5 IC95% 1,89 – 6,47 y 2+ cesáreas OR=8,35 IC95% 3,50 – 19,95). La multiparidad, dos o más abortos y mayor número de cesáreas son factores de riesgo para DMG. / Objectives: To identify risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A case-control study was performed in Alberto Sabogal Hospital, collecting medical records from 2009 to 2014. A case was defined as a pregnant women diagnosed with GDM by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after an abnormal fasting glucose and control was defined as a pregnant women without GDM indicative values. The study outcome was GDM. The variables of interest were multiparity, previous cesarean section, abortions, newborn with the greatest weight. Logistic regression were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and a confidence interval of 95% (IC95%). Results: 84 cases and 336 controls were included. In the multivariate model, multiparity increased risk of GDM (OR= 3.54, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.14). As well history of abortions, from the second abortion (OR= 3.40, 95% CI 1.55 to 7.44) and previous cesarean section are also related (cesarean section 1 OR= 3.5 95% CI 1.89 to 6.47 and 2+ cesarean OR= 8.35 95% CI 3.50 to 19.95). Multiparity, two or more abortions, a biggest number of cesarean sections are GDM risk factors.