This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Illinois Test of Psycholinuistic Abilities (ITPA) and to investigate whether High Verbal-Low Performance (HV-LP) scorers on the WISC score significantly higher on certain ITPA subtests than High Performance-Low Verbal (HP-LV) scorers, and whether HP-LV scorers on the WISC score significantly higher on certain other subtests of the ITPA. Two main hypotheses were investigated in an effort to accomplish these purposes.

This study investigated some of the causes of marital pathology of Zulu couples. Through a questionnaire, the study investigated factors which affect Zulu marriages. It was found, according to thi~ research, that communication and infidelity by Zulu husbands are serious causes of marital pathology. The research also revealed that the historical and cultural nature of the Zulu marriage contributes to marital pathology. The second aim of the research was to investigate the marital therapy of Zulu couples. The question was whether marital therapy works among the Zulus, given the unwillingness of Zulu husbands to be counselled. The researcher found that Zulu husbands are resistant to being counselled. A therapeutic model was designed and used with two case examples. In both cases divorces were averted. This seems to indicate that marriage counselling can restore most of the Zulu marriages if husbands could cooperate in being counselled with their wives. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed.

No description available.

This study was designed to observe the effect of a psychoeducational intervention on CD4/CD8 and viral loads in the HIV+ patients as well as to promote a space where patients could learn more about the HIV virus and direct their attention to aspects that need to be dealt with for their well-being. This study was also undertaken to evaluate the prognostic value of IL-16 serum levels, in comparison to CD4 counts, CD8 counts, viral load and 02 microglobulin levels (J32-MG). Two groups of HIV+ patients, one of women infected heterosexually (n=7) and another of male homo/bisexuals (n=11) participated in psychoeducational encounters. Blood samples were drawn at baseline (T1), approximately 3 months after baseline and immediately after group intervention (T2) and approximately 6 months after baseline (T3) to perform CD4/CD8 and viral load exams. Laboratory data from 55 HIV-infected subjects and 10 AIDS inpatients were analyzed to compare prognostic values. Encounters were reported as informative. General study results revealed that patients who attended less than 7 sessions had significantly lower CD4 numbers, between T1 and T3 ( p = 0.0039), patients who attended more than 7 sessions had significantly lower viral loads between T2 and e T3 ( p = 0.0234). Patients who were not offered any session had stable CD4 counts and viral loads over study period. The median values, in general, did not differ neither according to clinical classification nor to time (in months) of patients' diagnosis. An inverse correlation was detected between 1L-16 levels and viral load (r =-.269) and between 02-MG and CD4 (r =-610) while a positive correlation was observed between 132-MG and viral load (r = 0.433). Three conclusions may be stated. In relation to the psychoeducational intervention and immunological parameters, a larger number of participants is needed for significant statistical analysis. This study is favorable to the adoption of j32-MG, as a more useful predictor than 1L-16 levels for AIDS progression. Athough, 1L-16 is not confirmed as an useful marker in I IIV infection it still warrants future studies especially in regard to its feasibility as a therapeutic weapon. / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da intervenção psicoeducativa sobre os parâmetros tradicionais, ou seja exames de CD4/CD8 e carga virai, de acompanhamento imunológico, em pacientes HW+, bem como proporcionar um espaço onde os pacientes poderiam aprender mais sobre o vírus 1-11V e pudessem dirigir a sua atenção a alguns aspectos que contribuam para o seu bem-estar. Ademais, o estudo visou avaliar o valor prognóstico de níveis séricos de IL-16 em comparação as contagens de CD4 e CDS, valores de carga virai e níveis de (32 microglobulina 032- MG). Dois grupos de pacientes 1-11V+, um de mulheres infectadas heterossexualmente (n=7) e outro de homo/bissexuais masculinos (n=11), participaram de encontros psicoeducativos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (FIC-UFU), no período de maio a agosto de 2001. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas em três momentos: no tempo de linha de base (TI), aproximadamente três meses depois do tempo de linha de base e imediatamente após a intervenção grupal (T2) e, aproximadamente seis meses depois do tempo de linha de base (T3) para realizar os exames de CD4/CD8 e carga virai. Para a comparação entre as provas imunológicas, foram analisados os dados laboratoriais de 55 indivíduos HTV+ e de 10 pacientes internados com AIDS (HC¬UFU). Os encontros foram avaliados como sendo proveitosos. O estudo em geral revelou que os pacientes que participaram de menos de sete sessões tiveram números de CD4 significativamente mais baixos no T1 e T3 ( p = 0,0039), os pacientes que freqüentaram mais que sete sessões tiveram log de carga virai significativamente mais baixos entre T2 e T3 ( p = 0,0234) e os pacientes que não foram oferecidos nenhuma sessão tiveram números de CD4 e log de carga viral estáveis durante o período do estudo. Em geral, os valores medianos não diferiram de acordo com a classificação clínica nem com o tempo de diagnóstico (em meses). Urna correlação inversa foi encontrada entre níveis de IL-16 e carga viral (r = -0,269) e entre f32-MG e CD4 (r = - 0,610), enquanto uma correlação positiva foi observada entre f32-MG e carga viral (r 0,433). O estudo levou a três conclusões. Primeiramente,em relação à intervenção psicoeducativa e observação da evolução imunológica, há necessidade de um maior número de participantes para uma análise estatística significativa. Em segundo lugar, sugere-se que a 132-MG é um parâmetro mais útil do que a IL-16 para monitorar a progressão da AIDS. Finalmente a IL-16, apesar de não ser confirmado como um marcador útil na infecção pelo HIV, ainda constitui interessante objeto, para futuros estudos principalmente no que diz respeito à sua viablidade como arma terapêutica. / Mestre em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas

El Centro de Desarrollo para personas con Trastorno Espectro Autista (TEA), es un proyecto que tiene como finalidad atender y entender las necesidades y exigencias únicas de los usuarios con dicho Trastorno. Los servicios ofrecidos dentro del centro son de carácter psicoeducativo y de acompañamiento a lo largo de la vida de una persona con TEA. Estos servicios son: Centro de Educación Básica Especial (CEBE), dirigido a niños y jóvenes de 3 a 20 años; Centro de Programa de Atención Temprana y Oportuna, dirigido a niños de 0 a 3 años (PRITE); y el Centro de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento (CDT), dirigido a niños, jóvenes y adultos de todas las edades. Este centro se sitúa en Villa El Salvador, pues está dentro de los distritos que tienen mayor déficit de atención a personas con TEA. Además, se encuentra ubicado en una zona de fácil acceso, cerca de vías arteriales y paraderos. La arquitectura, en este proyecto, se basa en entender las actividades terapéuticas que se ofrecen a estos usuarios, para que, posteriormente se diseñe correctamente las distintas zonas: áreas de terapia, talleres, aulas, zonas recreativas, áreas comunes, de “escape” y de “calma”. Estos espacios únicos, tienen como objetivo lograr comodidad, estructura y orden para que los usuarios con TEA puedan realizar sus actividades psicoeducativas con mayor concentración y calma. / The Integral Development Center for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a project that aims to attend and understand the unique needs and demands of users with that disorder. The services offered within the center are of a psychoeducational nature and of accompaniment throughout the life of a person with ASD. These services are: Special Basic Education Center (SBEC), aimed at children and young people from 3 to 20 years old; Early Attention Program Center, aimed at children from 0 to 3 years old (EAPC); and the Diagnosis and Treatment Center (DTC), aimed at children, youth and adults of all ages. This center is located in Villa El Salvador, as it is within the districts that have the greatest deficit of care for people with ASD. In addition, it is located in an area with easy access, near arterial roads and bus stops. The architecture, in this project, is based on understanding the therapeutic activities that are offered to these users, in order to design correctly different zones like: therapy areas, workshops, classrooms, recreational areas, common, "escape" and "calm”. These unique spaces aim to achieve comfort, structure and order so that users with ASD can carry out their psychoeducational activities with greater concentration and calm. / Tesis

Bipolêre versteuring is ‘n kroniese, herhalende en ernstige siekte met ‘n voorkoms van 1 % wêreldwyd. Pasiënte kan psigoties word, selfmoordideasie hê en ook soms aggressief raak. Dikwels moet hulle gehospitaliseer word - ook teen hulle wil, want hulle mag soms geen insig toon nie. Pasiënte mag presenteer met ‘n ko-morbiede toestand, byvoorbeeld substansmisbruik of ‘n persoonlikheidsversteuring. Dit gebeur dikwels dat hulle nie hulle toegewysde rolle, byvoorbeeld dié van gade, broodwinner, ouer of volwasse kind, kan vervul nie. Versorgers van pasiënte gediagnoseer met bipolêre versteuring, word eweneens beïnvloed deur die siekte en die gepaardgaande stigma daarvan. Dit kan vir hulle baie moeilik wees wanneer hulle die verantwoordelikhede en rolle van die pasiënt moet oorneem. Beskou vanuit die oogpunt van ‘n ekologiese sisteemperspektief is die aard van hierdie impak op die maatskaplike funksionering van die versorgers relevant vir maatskaplike werk in die geestesgesondheidsveld. Die verkenning van hierdie impak en die ontwikkeling van ‘n intervensie om die impak aan te spreek het dus die rasionaal van hierdie studie gevorm. Die geïntegreerde biopsigososiale model, binne ‘n ekologiese sisteem perspektief, word aangewend by die psigiatriese instelling waar die navorser werk. Hierdie benadering het dus ook gedien as die vertrekpunt vir die betrokke studie. Die gemengde-metode navorsingsbenadering is tydens hierdie studie benut ten einde ‘n uitgebreide analise van die navorsingsprobleem te verskaf. Die voorgenome studie het binne die kategorie van toegepaste navorsing geval, want die doel daarvan was om ‘n program te ontwikkel om hulp te verleen aan versorgers van individue gediagnoseer met bipolêre versteuring. Die navorser het haar navorsing gerig aan die hand van Rothman en Thomas (1994) se intervensie ontwerp en ontwikkelingsmodel (D&D) deur gebruik te maak van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes. Na afloop van die analise van die kwalitatiewe data, is ‘n unieke psigo-maatskaplike opvoedkundige program, die SEE-SAW program, ontwikkel en toe geïmplementeer. Die konsep van balans versus wanbalans binne die sisteem is essensieel; die navorser se program het ten doel gehad om beter balans binne die sisteem van die pasiënt en versorger te bewerkstellig. Die gevolgtrekkings het duidelik getoon dat die versorger van die bipolêre pasiënt blootgestel is aan ‘n wye spectrum van behoeftes en uitdagings, maar dat intervensies soos die SEE-SAW program van groot waarde mag wees. / Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, recurrent, serious illness that occurs in 1 % of people globally. Patients might become psychotic, suicidal and sometimes violent. They often need to be hospitalised, even against their will because they may have no insight. Patients may have a comorbid condition such as substance abuse or a personality disorder. They are frequently unable to fulfil their assigned roles of spouse, breadwinner, parent or adult child. Caregivers of patients diagnosed with BD are also affected by the illness and the associated stigma. It becomes very difficult for them when they have to take over the responsibilities and roles of the patient. The nature of this impact on the social functioning of the caregivers, understood from an ecological systems perspective, is relevant for social work in the mental health care field. Discovering more about this impact and developing an intervention to curb it therefore formed the rationale for this study. The integrated biopsychosocial model, within an ecological systems perspective, is being used at the psychiatric institution where the researcher works. This approach therefore also served as the point of departure from which this research was conducted. A mixed methods research approach was utilised to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research problem. The proposed study fell into the category of applied research, due to its aim of designing a programme to assist caregivers of people diagnosed with BD. The researcher directed the study according to Rothman and Thomas’s (1994) intervention design and development model (D&D), using qualitative and quantitative methods. After the analysis of the qualitative data a unique psychosocial educational programme, the SEE-SAW programme, was developed and then implemented. The concept of equilibrium versus disequilibrium in the system is central; the researcher’s programme therefore strove towards better equilibrium within the system of patient and caregiver. From the conclusions it is apparent that the caregiver of the BD patient is exposed to a wide spectrum of needs and challenges, but that interventions such as the SEE-SAW programme may be very helpful. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Social Work and Criminology / PhD (Social Work) / Unrestricted

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In the fields of formal and informal online adult education, the absence of a social context for instruction has been found to present significant limitations for learner persistence and retention. In the field of online psychoeducational intervention, self-administered and self-paced individualized prevention programs have been developed for delivery to large populations of anonymous users. These delivery models provide limited social context for instructional activities, due in part to the anonymity of their participants. When social interaction is included in their prevention programs through voluntary, asynchronous self-help/mutual aid discussion forums, anonymity may still limit social interaction, in favor of observational learning advantages for self-efficacy appraisals derived from "lurking". When these large-group models have been applied to online psychoeducation intervention programs for the purposes of encouraging mutual aid, interactive participation has been limited. This mixed methods study focused on a model for the design of an online small group psychoeducational intervention that integrated individual and social learning in a parent management training program. Self-paced participation was replaced with facilitator-led participation in an asynchronous discussion forum where topics were prioritized and sequenced with learning content from individual web-based training modules. Social interaction was facilitated through online problem-based learning discussion group. Despite assertions that interactive participation in online psychoeducational discussion forums may only be accomplished once a subscriber threshold of several hundred participants has been reached, this study found that small group participation through the program's integrated design resulted large effects for increases in parent self-agency and reduction of over-reactive, coercive parenting behaviors. Participation in the online problem-based group discussion forum was found to have contributed to participant outcomes when posting characteristics revealed the presence of both mutual aid processes and the application of individual learning module content.