Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2001. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-80).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-65).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

'Shifting Eyes', presents a re-reading of Freud’s structural theories of the self, through the semiotics of C.S. Peirce. In place of the self split between unconscious representations and the syntax of speech, Peirce’s general sign theory provides an evolutionary account of symbol development within a trichotomy of sign-object relations, icon, index and symbol, as opposed to interpretations of Freud using the linguistic sign which reify the split subject and assimilate unconscious processes to the tropes of language. Peirce’s sign-interpretant relation, is used to re-describe Freud’s account of the shift from narcissism to object relations, from the primary iconic dyad to the subject constructed through the symbol of sexual difference. One class of icons, the hypoicon, is evaluated as a representation of the subject, since the hypoicon, unlike the symbol, does not uphold contradiction. Metaphor, as hypoiconic Third, is compared with Freud’s account of the structure of identification, both in terms of ego development and dream formation. The second part of the thesis uses these concepts to interpret the work of author H.D. and artist-writer Claude Cahun. H.D.’s œuvre - poetry, novels, memoirs and autobiography - lay bare the structure of the subject through the semiotics of the text, in particular transference and the act of naming. The poetry demonstrates the boundary between ego and world, myth and ideals of the ego, as the semiotics of identification. Cahun’s photographic self-portraits raise questions of the relation between body-image and narcissism, ideals and the subject of sexual difference. The last chapter concentrates on 'Aveux non avenus', (1930a) a work which integrates text and image using the principles of collage, juxtaposing photomontages with fragments of dream, fantasy, polemic and fiction as an extension of self-representation. In conclusion, the signifying self, as hypoiconic Third, is related to the body, re-posing the question of desire.

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There are some disagreements surrounding what constitutes a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state. The most widely accepted hypothesis to account for TOT states is the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis, which suggests TOT states are the result of a phonological access failure (Burke, Mackay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991). The TOT state is largely hypothesized to be a general subthreshold state, which suggests that the TOT state does not have a specific underlying mechanism. A relatively new line of inquiry involves that of repeated TOT states. As a theoretical extension to the phonological failure account of TOT states, Warriner and Humphreys (2008) found that TOT states repeat at a rate greater than would be predicted by chance, which has been termed the error repetition effect. They argue that the mechanism underlying the error repetition effect is a Hebbian-like error learning mechanism, suggesting that the TOT state is not a general state, but rather a specific state. D’Angelo & Humphreys (2015) did an extensive study that provided evidence for the validity of the error repetition effect. This dissertation explores additional features of the TOT state that had not been previously tested. The first study explored what is being learned during a TOT state. Specific phonological information was found to repeat along with repeated TOT states, supporting the phonological failure hypothesis. Second, this dissertation includes the first study to determine if older adults experience the error repetition effect using Warriner and Humphreys’ (2008) methodology. The evidence suggests that repeated TOT states are a part of normal aging rather than pathological cognitive dysfunction. Third, metacognition researchers argue that the TOT state is a subjective experience caused by a mechanism that assesses the likelihood of recall from memory. The third study demonstrates evidence contrary to the metacognitive account, which further supports the phonological failure account of TOT states. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / A tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state is the feeling of knowing a word, but being unable to produce the sounds to articulate the word. A TOT state is often accompanied by a feeling of frustration. For example, a TOT state may occur when one encounters a colleague at work. One may remember the first letter of the colleague’s name, and the name may feel like it is figuratively within reach, but the full name cannot escape the speaker’s lips. Perhaps even more frustrating is the occurrence of a TOT state time after time for a specific word. This dissertation explores the tendency for TOT states to recur. The results point towards the hypothesis that repeated TOT states are the result of a specific breakdown in the portion of the word production system that connects syntactic units to phonological units.

<p>The Recycling Hypothesis of verb-phrase ellipsis states that elided verb phrases with non-parallel antecedents are interpreted by reconstructing the appropriate verb phrase structure using the information available in the antecedent (Arregui, Frazier, Clifton, & Moulton, 2006). The hypothesis predicts that structurally more complex antecedents will involve more complicated reconstruction operations, which will lower the acceptability of the sentences. The experiments reported in this thesis tested two underlying assumptions of the Recycling Hypothesis as well as one prediction that follows from the proposal. First, the hypothesis assumes that elided verb phrases with parallel antecedents are interpreted by copying the structure of the antecedent into the ellipsis site (Frazier & Clifton, 2001). Second, Arregui et al. (2006) argued that changes in verbal morphology were “really easy (p. 242)” to recover from, suggesting that verbal morphology is not a factor in determining parallelism between the antecedent and elided verb phrases. Results from three written survey experiments in which participants were asked to judge the acceptability of verb-phrase ellipsis with matching or non-matching verbal morphology contradicted these assumptions. Morphologically more complex antecedents were rated less acceptable than simpler antecedents, regardless of whether the antecedent morphology matched the morphology on the elided verb phrase. The fact that verbal morphology affected acceptability ratings suggests that this factor plays a critical role in determining parallelism in ellipsis. Furthermore, the fact that parallel antecedents patterned with non-parallel antecedents suggests that the two must be processed in a similar fashion. Finally, if more complex antecedents require more complicated reconstruction operations, it might be predicted that word-by-word reading times at the ellipsis site should be correlated with the level of difficulty (Gibson, 1998). One self-paced reading experiment using the same materials showed no such correlation. These results are discussed with reference to two other psycholinguistic theories of verb-phrase ellipsis comprehension.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)