Le nationalisme des groupes minoritaires est un mouvement qui, loin de s'affaiblir, semble prendre de l'ampleur. En fait, ce type de mouvement est souvent utilise par les membres d'un groupe minoritaire afin d'ameliorer leur situation. La presente recherche a pour but d'evaluer aupres d'individus faisant partie d'un groupe minoritaire les liens entre la double identification (au groupe d'appartenance et au groupe majoritaire), la privation relative collective, la privation relative progressive collective et l'accord avec des revendications nationalistes. Un deuxieme but est d'evaluer le lien entre le nationalisme et les reactions aux immigrants des minorites visibles. A cet effet, 346 etudiants et etudiantes francophones d'un Cegep de la region de Montreal ont complete un questionnaire. Les resultats d'analyses de variance indiquent que la double identification et la privation relative collective, mais non la privation relative progressive collective, permettent de mieux comprendre pourquoi les individus sont favorables aux revendications nationalistes. Ils revelent egalement que les deux types de privation relative sont influences par la double identite. Enfin, les resultats montrent que les individus plus favorables aux revendications nationalistes n'ont pas plus de prejuges racistes et neo-racistes a l'endroit des immigrants des minorites visibles que les personnes moins favorables. Les resultats sont discutes en fonction des theories de l'identite sociale et de la privation relative et la portee pratique de ces resultats est presentee.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the self-reported eating attitudes/behaviors behaviors, as well as weight loss pressures in female pair/dance figure skaters. Two separate studies were completed in order to examine these issues. Forty-one pair and dance female figure skaters (26 pairs, 15 dance) completed two questionnaires that tapped into whether the figure skaters exhibited disordered eating tendencies (EDI), and whether weight loss pressures were evident in this sporting population (SKATE Scale). Results from the EDI indicated that a significant number of the skaters had self-reported eating attitudes and behaviors analogous to individuals with disordered eating tendencies. Also, analyses of the SKATE Scale revealed that the figure skaters perceived themselves and their coach as the most significant sources of weight loss pressures, and that this pressure was mainly for performance benefits. Correlational analyses of the three most commonly used subscales of the EDI with the five pressure sources of the SKATE Scale revealed a strong positive relationship between these two. These results are discussed in terms of the possible relationship between disordered eating tendencies and weight loss pressures, as well as practical implications and future research.

Cette etude descriptive-correlative vise a explorer les relations entre la perception d'un evenement psychologiquement traumatique et le fonctionnement familial des familles au retour du militaire apres un deploiement de 6 mois pour une mission humanitaire. L'echantillon se compose de 23 familles, selectionnees dans une base des Forces canadiennes. Le questionnaire "Revised Impact of Event Scale" et le "Family Assessment Device III" ont permis de quantifier les resultats. D'une part, des resultats ont demontre de fortes interrelations entre les dimensions resolution de problemes, communication et roles chez le couple militaire et d'autre part, une relation d'ordre moyen entre la dimension expression affective du militaire et la perception d'un evenement psychologiquement traumatique. Plusieurs relations ont ete demontrees entre les dimensions du fonctionnement familial du couple et l'age, la scolarite, le nombre d'enfants, le nombre de missions ainsi que le grade. Les resultats fournissent des pistes fort interessantes pour la planification d'interventions aupres de familles militaires et pour des recherches ulteieures.

Although Instrumentality and Expressivity scores have been shown to be powerful intrapersonal predictors of reported relationship satisfaction and adjustment, conceptual models exploring the mechanisms by which Instrumentality (I) and Expressivity (E) influence intimate relationships are few. The results presented in this thesis are derived from two studies, each using survey research methods and the little-used Bem Sex Role Inventory Short-Form (BSRI-SF). Study 1 (N = 75 couples) examined several statistical and methodological issues in using the short form BSRI in couples research. Study 2 (N = 119 couples) provided a preliminary evaluation of a model in which it was proposed that the relations among Instrumentality (I), Expressivity (E), and relationship adjustment are mediated in part by interpersonal processes related to couple conflict resolution (CR) and maintenance and enhancement of intimacy (MEI). A number of gender-specific findings were obtained. The proposed model was supported using a path analytic approach comparing the direct model of IE with the mediator model. Specifically, variance in men's reported levels of dyadic adjustment covaried with their own levels of Instrumentality, Expressivity, and self-reported intimacy and conflict behaviour. Variance in women's reported levels of dyadic adjustment covaried in a complex fashion with their own and their partners' scores. Across couple-related variables (DAS, CR, and MEI), results generally supported a main effects model (i.e., significant statistical prediction from Instrumentality scores and/or Expressivity scores), but not an interactional model (Instrumentality times Expressivity). Results indicated that use of the BSRI-SF's nonconfounded Instrumentality and Expressivity subscales can be valuable in model testing in couples research. It is suggested that the short-form provides ease of interpretation compared to the controversial long-form BSRI. Gilligan's theory of gender-specific developmental tasks is proposed as a framework for understanding the gender-specific correlational patterns which emerged.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between motivation and flow. As a conceptual framework for investigating motivation, Vallerand's (1997) Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (HMIEM) which is based predominantly on Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991) was used. The work of Csikszentmihalyi (1975a, 1991) served as a theoretical basis for examining the flow state. Canadian master's level swimmers completed questionnaires on two separate occasions, Time 1 $(n = 203)$ and Time 2 $(n = 104).$ At Time 1, situational measures of distal motivational determinants (perceptions of success and perceptions of the motivational climate), proximal motivational determinants (perceptions of autonomy, perceptions of competence, and perceptions of relatedness), self-determined motivation, and flow were assessed immediately following a swim practice. Contextual measures of these same variables were assessed at Time 2 (one week later) with the exception of flow. Two sets of analyses were then conducted in order to examine the links between these motivational concepts and flow. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Une controverse régne quant à l'impact psychologique que provoque chez l'adolescent la présence d'une maladie chronique. En ce qui concerne l'épilepsie, les études tendent à démontrer que les enfants atteints de cette maladie courent des risques importants de développer des problèmes d'adaptation. Cependant, très peu de recherches ont été effectuées sur des adolescents atteints d'épilepsie. Le fonctionnement psychosocial de 70 adolescents atteints d'épilepsie, âgés de 11 à 18 ans, a éte' comparé à celui de 70 adolescents sains, jumelés selon leur âge, leur sexe et leur constellation familiale. Des données concernant la perception qu'avaient: les adolescents de leur fonctionnement émotif et comportemental ainsi que de leur réseau social ont été recueillies à l'aide d'instruments de mesure standardisés. La fréquence des interactions de ces adolescents avec les membres de leur réseau social a également été mesurée durant une période d'une semaine, grâce au port d'un télé-avertisseur. Des données sur le climat familial et le fonctionnement individuel des adolescents ont aussi été recueillies auprès des parents, puis comparées à celles des adolescents. Enfin, on a analysé jusqu'à quel point les facteurs socio-démographiques, environnementaux et médicaux étaient susceptibles de prédire la perception qu'avaient les adolescents de leur fonctionnement psychosocial. Les résultats des analyses de variance ont indiqué que de manière générale, les adolescents atteints d'épilepsie avaient une perception plus négative de leur fonctionnement psychosocial que celle de leurs pairs sains et qu'un nombre significatif d'entre eux risquaient de développer des problèmes d'ordre clinique. Ils ont aussi révélé que les adolescents des deux groupes percevaient certains aspects de leur réseau social de manière différente et que l'étude approfondie des divers aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs de leurs relations sociales s'avérait complexe. De plus, ils ont montré que les parents des deux groupes percevaient généralement plus de problèmes que leurs adolescents. Enfin, ces résultats ont indiqué que les adolescents atteints d'épilepsie constituaient une population hétérogène puisque tous ne présentaient pas des difficultés notoires. Les résultats des analyses de régression multiple ont réve'lé que les facteurs susceptibles de prédire la perception qu'avaient les adolescents de leur fonctionnement psychosocial étaient semblables chez les adolescents atteints d'épilepsie et leurs pairs sains. De plus, ils ont indiqué que le pouvoir prédicteur des différents facteurs en jeu fluctuait en fonction de la variable dépendante mesurée (concept de soi, compétences sociales, problèmes émotifs et comportementaux). Ils ont aussi fait ressortir que parmi tous les facteurs analysés, ceux qui étaient reliés à l'environnement social de l'adolescent contribuaient davantage que les facteurs socio-démographiques et médicaux à prédire le fonctionnement psychosocial. En fait, aucun des facteurs reliés aux caractéristiques spécifiques de l'épilepsie et de son traitement ne se sont avérés prédire de manière significative le fonctionnement psychosocial des adolescents atteints de cette maladie. Lors de la discussion, l'accent est mis sur l'importance d'évaluer le fonctionnement psychosocial selon une perspective multidimensionnelle et à l'aide de plusieurs sources d'information. Puis, les implications cliniques de cette étude sont exposées ainsi que les avantages que comporte l'utilisation d'un modèle théorique afin de cerner les facteurs en cause dans la prédiction du fonctionnement psychosocial de tout adolescent.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the impact of life stress and skating specific stress on the performance of figure skaters. Two separate experiments were conducted to examine this relationship during two different time frames--the first transpired during the summer skating season and the latter was conducted during the fall skating season. Thirty-one and thirty competitive figure skaters participated in experiments one and two, respectively. Repeated measures of daily hassles and skating specific stress were obtained as well as single assessments of major life stress, social support and coping abilities. Practice performance for both studies was assessed by the coaches. Competitive performance was also assessed by the coaches in both experiments, but an added feature of the second study was the judges' scores. The findings revealed that during the summer, stress did not negatively impact either type of performance, whereas in the second study, strong negative correlations and predictions were obtained. Both studies found that task coping predicted greater performance levels. These results are discussed in terms of the significance of the time of year studied, as well as the implications for psychological interventions and future research.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether certain leader variables contribute to the efficacy of children's social skills training (SST). Trainees were 59 grades 3, 4, and 5 boys chosen from a sample of 944 children who were identified as high on aggression using the Revised Class Play. Twelve male social skills leaders participated in the study. Leaders were third- and fourth-year undergraduate students (2 in criminology and 10 in psychology) who were selected from 39 volunteers based on sociability and hostility scores. Twelve groups of trainees (4 to 6 trainees per group) participated in 10 sessions of SST. Outcome measures included post-treatment scores from the Social Skills Training Mastery Test, pre- and post-treatment scores of aggression and sociability from the Revised Class Play, and pre- and post-treatment scores of self-control from the Social Skills Rating System-Student Form. Leaders completed the Interpersonal Behavior Survey, the Interpersonal Style Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised to obtain scores on various leader variables including empathy, sociability, hostility, and self-confidence. Leader in-session variables (including warmth, enthusiasm, and quality of feedback) were coded from video-taped SST sessions using the Modified McDaniel Observer Rating System. Children in groups led by leaders high and low on hostility, sociability, and quality of feedback did not differ significantly on outcome measures. While these results may suggest that therapist variables are less important in structured interventions such as children's SST, it is also possible that a more powerful study using more groups and investigating only a few therapist variables might have produced significant results. Implications of the results were discussed with reference to the limitations of the design of this study, and suggestions for future research were noted.

When two culturally different groups come in contact, changes occur which may entail a degree of discomfort for those involved. Such acculturative stress may be compounded by dyadic adjustment in couples living through an intercultural contact experience. Acculturating individuals may experience marital problems resulting from incongruent changes in their spouse. The goal of this thesis is threefold. First, the effects of different acculturation profiles on psychological and marital adjustment were examined. Second, the congruency of the acculturation profiles between spouses from the same ethnic background and their effects on adjustment were explored. Third, the effects of incongruent acculturation profiles in married couples from the same ethnic background and potential moderators of these effects were examined. The moderators included spousal support, linguistic self-confidence in the host and native languages, and self-esteem. Eighty-six married couples from the Ismaili Muslim community were recruited from two metropolitan cities, Ottawa and Calgary, in order to participate in this project. Questionnaires were distributed that included measures of situated identity, depression, stress, marital adjustment, spousal support, linguistic self-confidence in both the host and native languages, self-esteem, and various demographic items. Analyses of variance were computed for the different hypotheses. With respect to the first goal, results indicated that those with integrated profiles reported better psychological and marital adjustment. With respect to the second goal, results indicated that spouses with incongruent acculturation profiles did not experience more depression, more stress, or less marital adjustment than spouses with congruent acculturation profiles. Last, with respect to the third goal, results show that linguistic self-confidence in English moderated the effects of acculturative stress for couples with incongruent acculturation profiles, particularly for the wives. The last goal was re-examined using identification in specific situations, namely public and private domains. Results show that self-esteem moderated stress for couples with incongruent acculturation profiles in private situations. These results are interpreted in the context of both theoretical and applied multicultural issues. The theoretical implications include the recognition that immigrant people, and particularly immigrant women, are at risk for problems of adjustment. It is also important for researchers to recognise that couples from the same ethnic background may have incongruent acculturation profiles that can contribute to problems of adjustment, and that potential moderators can alleviate these problems. The applied implications include adjustments in immigration policy that recognise the importance of valuing both the native and host cultures, as well as disseminating knowledge about the benefits of participating in both cultural activities and with national institutions. Another implication is that marital therapists should be aware that couples from the same ethnic background may be adjusting differently to the intercultural contact, that immigrant women are particularly at risk for problems in adjustment, and that various factors, such as language self-confidence, can moderate these effects.

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