Metacognition is the monitoring, evaluating, and correction of one's own performance while engaged in an intellectual task. It has been explored within educational psychology in various cognitive and academic domains, for example, general problem solving, physics, reading, writing, and mathematics, and with different populations including children who are gifted, children who have learning disabilities, as well as children who have intellectual delays. Research in these areas has demonstrated that the use of metacognition differs with different levels of ability. Metacognition has rarely been mentioned in the psychomotor literature. It is not known whether children of different psychomotor abilities use metacognition differently. This study used a think-aloud protocol to compare the active use of metacognition in children with different psychomotor abilities---high skill (N = 8), average (N = 9), developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (N = 5)---during a novel motor task. Children with DCD did not verbalize fewer or different metacognitive concepts than either the average or high skill children, however, relative to their counterparts, a significant proportion of the concepts verbalized by children with DCD were found to be inappropriate or inaccurate. These findings reflect ineffective metacognitive processing by children with DCD during a psychomotor task. In general, the results of this study parallel those found in the cognitive domain. This study showed that children with differing psychomotor abilities also demonstrated differences in use of metacognition.

Bibliography: p. 172-185. / Includes bibliographies. / 185 p. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mental Health, 1968

Bibliography: p. 172-185. / Includes bibliographies. / 185 p. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mental Health, 1968

No description available.

The purpose was to examine the domain specificity of the self-regulatory skills of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) compared to their peers without DCD. Participants included 10 children with DCD and 10 without. A sport specific problem-solving task (shooting at a hockey net) and an educational problem-solving task (peg solitaire) were compared. Zimmerman's (2000) social cognitive model of self-regulation was used; it has three phases (a) forethought, (b) performance or volitional control, and (c) self-reflection. Participants were taught to think aloud during both tasks to access cognitive processes (Ericsson & Simon, 1984/1993). Codes were developed under five major categories, (a) goals, (b) knowledge, (c) emotion, (d) monitoring, and (e) evaluation. Verbalizations were transcribed and coded using the NUD*IST Vivo software. Results indicated that children with DCD have decreased knowledge in the motor domain, may have general difficulties with planning and set less challenging goals. The findings also support previous research regarding their negative emotions attached to motor tasks.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-80).

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

A depressão é um transtorno prevalente, de curso crônico e altamente incapacitante. Entretanto, os avanços na pesquisa de sua fisiopatogenia e tratamento tem sido insatisfatórios, possivelmente pelo fato de o conceito de Depressão Maior incluir diferentes patologias em uma mesma categoria diagnóstica. A identificação de subtipos específicos de depressão com características mais homogêneas entre os pacientes poderia permitir a identificação de fatores biológicos, psicossociais e de resposta a tratamento associados a cada um destes subtipos. Objetivos: Avaliar em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros um novo modelo de classificação dos transtornos depressivos, proposto por Parker e colaboradores. Avaliar se os três subtipos propostos neste modelo (nãomelancólico, melancólico e psicótico) apresentam-se clinicamente de forma semelhante ao modelo teórico. Avaliar se os pacientes com depressão melancólica de acordo com os critérios deste modelo diferenciam-se dos nãomelancólicos em aspectos clinicamente relevantes. Métodos: Cento e oitenta e um pacientes ambulatoriais com diagnóstico de depressão maior unipolar de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV-TR foram avaliados em um estudo transversal. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação ao subtipo melancólico de depressão tanto pelo critério do DSM-IV-TR quanto pela escala CORE de distúrbio psicomotor, critério utilizado pelo modelo estudado neste trabalho. Foi avaliada a presença de sintomas psicóticos e intensidade dos sintomas depressivos. Os pacientes foram também avaliados em relação a comorbidades, ideação suicida, eventos estressores, qualidade de vida, cuidados parentais e personalidade. Resultados: Pacientes com depressão melancólica apresentaram maior intensidade dos sintomas depressivos e praticamente o triplo da prevalência de sintomas psicóticos. A presença de sintomas psicóticos não esteve associada à maior intensidade dos sintomas depressivos. A depressão melancólica, mostrou-se diferente da depressão não-melancólica em relação a ideação suicida, comorbidades psiquiátricas, personalidade e cuidados parentais. Conclusão: A maior prevalência de sintomas psicóticos na depressão melancólica sugere semelhanças entre esta e a depressão psicótica. A depressão melancólica mostrou diferenciar-se da não-melancólica em diversos desfechos avaliados, sugerindo ser um subtipo distinto com características próprias. Estes resultados reforçam a importância do diagnóstico de depressão melancólica e a utilidade do distúrbio psicomotor para a definição deste diagnóstico. / Depression is a prevalent, chronic and highly disabling disorder. However, current advances in research of its pathophysiology and treatment are unsatisfactory. This is likely to be consequence of the Major Depression diagnosis that includes different disorders in a unique diagnostic category. Identification of specific subtypes of depression, each of them with more homogeneous characteristics could allow to the identification of biological and psychosocial factors as well as treatment response patterns of each subtype. Objectives: To evaluate, in a Brazilian patients sample, a novel model for classifying depressive disorders, proposed by Parker and colleagues. To assess whether the three proposed subtypes (non-melancholic, melancholic and psychotic) present clinically according to the theoretical model. To assess whether patients with melancholic depression, according to this model criteria, differentiate from non-melancholic in clinically relevant aspects. Method: One hundred eighty one outpatients with Unipolar Major Depression, according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria were evaluated in a transversal study. Patients were assessed in terms of melancholic status both by the DSM-IV-TR criteria and the CORE measure of psychomotor disturbance, the criterion used in the model studied. The presence of psychotic symptoms and the severity of depressive symptoms were appraised. Patients were also assessed in terms of psychiatric comorbidities, suicidal ideation, stressful live events, quality of life, parental care and personality. Results: Patients with melancholic depression presented greater severity of depressive symptoms and almost three times the prevalence of psychotic symptoms. Melancholic depression was different from non-melancholic in terms of suicidal ideation, psychiatric comorbidities, personality and parental care. Conclusion: The greater prevalence of psychotic symptoms in those with melancholic depression suggests similarities between this and the psychotic depression. Melancholic depression differentiates from the non-melancholic subtype in a series of evaluated outcomes. This suggests it to be a distinct disorder with its own characteristics. These results reinforce the importance of the diagnosis of melancholic depression and the usefulness of psychomotor disturbance in the definition of this diagnosis.