Metacognition is the monitoring, evaluating, and correction of one's own performance while engaged in an intellectual task. It has been explored within educational psychology in various cognitive and academic domains, for example, general problem solving, physics, reading, writing, and mathematics, and with different populations including children who are gifted, children who have learning disabilities, as well as children who have intellectual delays. Research in these areas has demonstrated that the use of metacognition differs with different levels of ability. Metacognition has rarely been mentioned in the psychomotor literature. It is not known whether children of different psychomotor abilities use metacognition differently. This study used a think-aloud protocol to compare the active use of metacognition in children with different psychomotor abilities---high skill (N = 8), average (N = 9), developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (N = 5)---during a novel motor task. Children with DCD did not verbalize fewer or different metacognitive concepts than either the average or high skill children, however, relative to their counterparts, a significant proportion of the concepts verbalized by children with DCD were found to be inappropriate or inaccurate. These findings reflect ineffective metacognitive processing by children with DCD during a psychomotor task. In general, the results of this study parallel those found in the cognitive domain. This study showed that children with differing psychomotor abilities also demonstrated differences in use of metacognition.

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This dissertation aimed to spotlight a prevalent issue in lifespan development and learning that is under-appreciated in educational research and practice. Many children in the United States and abroad learn to coordinate fundamental motor actions with maladaptive postural deviations that impose excessive stress and strain on musculoskeletal structures. The stabilization of maladaptive movement patterns during a critical period of psychomotor development produces non-structural sagittal misalignments of the spine, including Forward Head Posture (FHP) and Postural Thoracic Hyperkyphosis. Moreover, the reproduction of maladaptive movement patterns may be associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders and associated chronic pain conditions that impact the global public. The researcher employed philosophical synthesis to describe and explain the adverse effects of maladaptive postural coordination on lifespan human development while amplifying its origins in early childhood. Principles from the traditions of Pragmatism and Dynamical Systems Theory are applied to develop a positive model of adaptive psychomotor learning and development that is seamlessly integrated into Early Childhood Education curriculum and learning formats. To this end, Early Childhood Education should structure learning experiences to guide the discovery and stabilization of adaptive movement patterns that (1) accomplish fundamental action goals in the here-and-now and (2) support the health of the changing neuromuscular-skeletal system across its lifetime. Therefore, the researcher proposes a model of early learning in which the study of the body-self is seamlessly woven into all aspects of the general ECE curriculum.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiani de Franca.pdf: 409149 bytes, checksum: c540efb2ee31351c5b9cae354c5f5d5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The goal of this study was to characterize the motor performance of children and to investigate the prevalence of the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The population of this study was all the 4.255 children from 7 to 8 years old, male and female, regularly enrolled on the 37 elementary public city schools of Florianópolis, capital of Santa Catarina, a southern state of Brazil. The final sample was comprised by 417 children. The instrument used was the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - M-ABC. In order to characterize the prevalence and severity of the children s motor difficulties we used descriptive statistic of frequency distribution. To verify the prevalence associations of DCD among ages and gender we used the chi-squared test (X²) and the Cramer s V coefficient. To verify the difference between the groups (gender and age) in the total motor performance of the tasks of M-ABC we used the Variance Analysis (ANOVA two-way). To verify the types of motor abilities that the children performed better we utilized the ANOVA for repeated measures. To analyze the general differences between groups in a group of dependable variables (which comprise the types of abilities according to the M-ABC test) and later to fragment the analyses per dependable variable (manual dexterity, balance and ball skills), the Multivariate Variance Analysis was used, as well as to verify the interactive effects of the gender and age variables. Both the variance analyses were done using a model with two independent variables, gender and age group (2x2). For all the analyses the significance level was 5%. The results demonstrated that 10.8% of the children were identified with DCD and 12% presented risk of DCD. The results indicate that children showed more difficulties in the motor skills related to manual dexterity. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference among genders and ages. Analyzing the individual dependent variables, separated through the analysis of the main effects, we can observe a statistically significant difference between genders and ages only in the ball skills. These results suggest that the boys presented a better performance in the ball skills, as well as the 8 year-old children. The prevalence of children with DCD in the city schools of Florianópolis, SC - Brazil exceeded the 4-6% of prevalence in 5 to 11 year-old children pointed by the literature. The early identification of children with motor difficulties is essential for the proper building of intervention strategies made by professionals in the area. / O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho motor de crianças e investigar a prevalência de Desordem Coordenativa Desenvolvimental. A população deste estudo foi representada por todas as 4.255 crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculadas nas 37 escolas, básicas e desdobradas, da rede pública municipal da cidade de Florianópolis, capital de Santa Catarina. A amostra final foi composta por 417 crianças. O instrumento utilizado foi o Movement Assessment Battery for Children - M-ABC. Para caracterizar a prevalência e a severidade das dificuldades motoras das crianças foi utilizada estatística descritiva de distribuição de freqüência. Para verificar as associações de prevalência de DCD entre as idades e sexo, foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado (X²) e o coeficiente de Cramer s V. Para verificar a diferença entre os grupos (sexo e idade) no desempenho motor total das tarefas do M-ABC foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA two-way). Para verificar em que tipos de habilidades motoras as crianças demonstraram um desempenho melhor foi utilizada a ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Para analisar as diferenças gerais entre os grupos em um conjunto de variáveis dependentes (que constituem os tipos de habilidades de acordo com o teste M-ABC) e depois fragmentar as análises por variável dependente (destrezas manuais, equilíbrio e habilidades com bolas) foi utilizado a Análise Multivariada de Variância, assim como para verificar os efeitos interativos das variáveis de sexo e idade. Ambas as análises de variância foram feitas utilizando um modelo com duas variáveis independentes, sexo e faixa etária (2X2). Para todas as análises estatísticas foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que 10,8% das crianças foram indicadas com DCD e 12% apresentou risco de DCD. Os resultados indicam que as crianças apresentaram mais dificuldades motoras nas habilidades relacionadas às destrezas manuais. As análises revelaram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos e entre as idades. Ao analisar as variáveis dependentes individuais, separadas por meio da análise dos efeitos principais, pode-se observar que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos e as idades somente para as habilidades com bola. Estes resultados sugerem que os meninos tiveram o desempenho melhor nas habilidades com bola, assim como as crianças com 8 anos. A prevalência de crianças com DCD nas escolas municipais de Florianópolis SC Brasil, excedeu aos 4-6% de prevalência de DCD nas crianças de 5 a 11 anos apontado pela literatura. A identificação precoce de crianças com dificuldades motoras é essencial para o embasamento de estratégias de intervenção por profissionais da área.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02-Elementos Pre-textuais.pdf: 141371 bytes, checksum: 53522240ad7745d208315c98271c3a5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neuropsychomotor impairment prevention becomes essential when progresses in obstetrics and neonatology áreas promote larger survival of risk babies. Neonatology High Risk Clinics have been implemented to provide attendance for these children, that usually have prevalence of neurological risk factors. Promoting the attention for their Neuropsychomotor Development, this study aimed to present a proposal of High Neurological Risk Children Clinical Neuropsychomotor Follow up, what is in implantation in Clinic of Neonatolgy High Risk from Academical Hospital at Santa Catarina Federal University. In the evaluation protocol were used: File of Biopsychossocial Data Register (risk factors verification and notes of assessments accomplished in consultations), Neonatal Medical Índex (for preterm neurobehavioral risk categorization), and Brunet-Lèzine Test (in adaptation by SOUZA, 2003, for determination of neuropsychomotors data Developmental Ages and Quotients/ DA and DQ - in Postural, Eye-Hand Coordination, Language, Social and Global areas,). From setember/04 to setember/05, 87 evaluations were accomplished, distributed among 40 infants. Preterm birth was the more frequent risk factor (85%), with Moderate (44,1%) and Extreme (55,9%) degree; NMI III was the more commom manifestation (44,1%) and there was significant lineal relationship between neurobehavioral risk and DQ in Social area /DQS (P=0,026). In follow up analysis, DQs tended to decrease, with smaller scores in Eye-Hand Coordination area, and statistical significance in prematuridade degree (P=0,025) in this area. DQS performance presented significant difference among evaluations of first and second year of life (P=0,019). Females have better neuropsychomotor performance either in the first (Posture and Eye-Hand Coordination, P=0,025 and P=0,008) and second year of life (Posture, Language and Global, P=0,017, P=0,047 and P=0,036). High Neurological Risk Children Clinical Neuropsychomotor Follow up proposal seems to linked child attendance and neurpsychomotor research. Its continuity aim to reinforce the neuropsychomotor intervention program, in order to promote health and quality of life for chidren and their families, with an approach more global and efficient. / Enfatizar a prevenção de distúrbios neuropsicomotores torna-se fundamental à medida que os avanços em obstetrícia e neonatologia promovem maior sobrevivência de bebês de risco. Ambulatórios de Alto Risco em Neonatologia têm sido implementados para proporcionar o acompanhamento dessas crianças, em que geralmente há predomínio de fatores de risco neurológico. Promovendo a atenção ao Desenvolvimento Neuropsicomotor de tal população, este estudo busca apresentar uma proposta de Acompanhamento Neuropsicomotor Ambulatorial de Crianças de Alto Risco Neurológico, que está em implantação junto ao Ambulatório de Alto Risco em Neonatologia do Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. No protocolo de avaliação foram utilizados: Ficha de Registro de Dados Biopsicossocias (verificação de fatores de risco e registro de avaliações realizadas nas consultas), Neonatal Medical Index (Índice Médico Neonatal, para categorização do risco neurocomportamental em prematuros), e Escala de Brunet-Lèzine (na adaptação de SOUZA, 2003, para determinação de dados neuropsicomotores - Idades e Quocientes de Desenvolvimento/ID e QD - nas áreas Postural, Coordenação Óculo-Motriz, Linguagem, Social e Global). De setembro/04 a setembro/05 foram realizadas 87 avaliações, distribuídas entre 40 lactentes. Nascimento pré-termo foi o fator de risco mais freqüente (85%), com grau Moderado (44,1%) e Extremo (55,9%), sendo que a categoria III no NMI foi de maior manifestação (44,1%) e houve relação linear significativa entre risco neurocomportamental e QD na área Social/QDS (p=0,026). Em análise longitudinal, os QDs tenderam a decrescer, com menores escores na Coordenação Óculo-Motriz, e significância estatística em relação ao grau de prematuridade (p=0,025) nesta área. O desempenho do QDS apresentou diferença significativa entre avaliações de primeiro e segundo ano de vida (p=0,019). Foi observado melhor desempenho neuropsicomotor no sexo feminino, tanto no primeiro (Postura e Coordenação Óculo-Motriz, p=0,025 e p=0,008) como no segundo ano de vida (Postura, Linguagem e Global, p=0,017, p=0,047 e p=0,036). A proposta de Acompanhamento Neuropsicomotor Ambulatorial de crianças de risco parece ter conseguido promover a veiculação da assistência à saúde da criança com a pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Sua continuidade prossegue em termos do fortalecimento do programa de intervenção neuropsicomotora, a fim de promover de forma mais global e efetiva saúde e qualidade de vida das crianças e suas famílias.