The economic and political condition of a country usually determines its fiscal policy. When Chiang Ching-Kuo was in charge of Taiwan¡¦s political and economic power between 1972-1988, his administration pushed forward many new public policies and economic growth plan in order for Taiwan to continue development. There were several different exhaustive expenditures and transfer payments. The financial resources to make this happen include tax revenue, commercial revenue, administrative revenue and debt-created revenue. The fiscal policy is necessary and important complimentary part of a government¡¦s public administrative policy and economic development plan. However, under the democratic system of Taiwan, fiscal policy is often over used or abused. On the one hand, the government¡¦s expenditure in national defense, social security, education, economic development, etc., continue to expand; on the other hand, tax revenue continue to be cut down to please the constituents. On the surface, this policy during reign of Chiang Ching-Kuo did not appear to have any financial burden; in truth the potential fiscal deficit has already began to grow. Unfortunately, this negative impact by the policy did not become apparent until the recent years. Economic growth has always been the goal of all governments around the world. When economists report on the economic development plan of his/her country, most will assent that the fiscal policy is the key to the economic growth. My dissertation is focused on the period from 1972-1988 when Chiang Ching-Kuo is in control of Taiwan. I will focus on how the financial expenditures and revenues, as well as tax burden, income distribution, public debit and credit, investment encouragement and import-export policies, together with the economic facts of the time, to correlate in further detail the meaning and affect of the past policies. Furthermore, I hope to gain new economic insights through restudying of past, and allow this dissertation be of help to the present economic administration.

Esta dissertação busca estudar estratégias eficientes para a gestão da dívida pública brasileira. Utiliza-se uma metodologia recorrente na literatura, que consiste em estimar e simular a economia através de um modelo estrutural Novo-Keynesiano e, em seguida, verificar qual o comportamento da relação Dívida/PIB para vários tipos de composição da dívida. Trabalha-se, portanto, com uma análise de risco e retorno para diversas carteiras da dívida, em uma abordagem focada na fronteira eficiente. Duas classes de modelos são utilizadas: backward-looking (BL) e o forward-looking (FL). A estimação foi realizada por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários e a amostra utilizada foi trimestral, variando do primeiro trimestre de 1999 ao terceiro trimestre de 2010. Os resultados principais indicaram que, quando se trabalha com um modelo FL, as carteiras eficientes são compostas quase que exclusivamente por títulos indexados à inflação. Por outro lado, quando se utiliza um modelo BL, os resultados indicam que as carteiras eficientes são híbridas, sendo compostas por títulos de diferentes indexadores, incluindo grande parte de títulos indexados à inflação. / This dissertation studies efficient strategies for Brazilian public debt management. We use a common methodology in the literature, as we estimate and simulate the economy through a New-Keynesian structural model. Then we verify the Public Debt/GDP indicator behavior, considering different debt compositions. We utilize a risk/return analysis for each debt composition in an efficient frontier approach. Two types of models are specified: backward-looking (BL) and forward-looking (FL). We estimate the model by Ordinary Least Squares using a quarterly sample, available from the first quarter of 1999 to the third quarter of 2010. The main results show that when the economy has forward-looking features, efficient compositions are formed almost exclusively by inflation-linked bonds. In the other hand, when we utilize a backward-looking specification, results indicate that efficient compositions are formed by different types of bonds, including a large part of inflation-linked bonds.

Esta dissertação busca estudar estratégias eficientes para a gestão da dívida pública brasileira. Utiliza-se uma metodologia recorrente na literatura, que consiste em estimar e simular a economia através de um modelo estrutural Novo-Keynesiano e, em seguida, verificar qual o comportamento da relação Dívida/PIB para vários tipos de composição da dívida. Trabalha-se, portanto, com uma análise de risco e retorno para diversas carteiras da dívida, em uma abordagem focada na fronteira eficiente. Duas classes de modelos são utilizadas: backward-looking (BL) e o forward-looking (FL). A estimação foi realizada por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários e a amostra utilizada foi trimestral, variando do primeiro trimestre de 1999 ao terceiro trimestre de 2010. Os resultados principais indicaram que, quando se trabalha com um modelo FL, as carteiras eficientes são compostas quase que exclusivamente por títulos indexados à inflação. Por outro lado, quando se utiliza um modelo BL, os resultados indicam que as carteiras eficientes são híbridas, sendo compostas por títulos de diferentes indexadores, incluindo grande parte de títulos indexados à inflação. / This dissertation studies efficient strategies for Brazilian public debt management. We use a common methodology in the literature, as we estimate and simulate the economy through a New-Keynesian structural model. Then we verify the Public Debt/GDP indicator behavior, considering different debt compositions. We utilize a risk/return analysis for each debt composition in an efficient frontier approach. Two types of models are specified: backward-looking (BL) and forward-looking (FL). We estimate the model by Ordinary Least Squares using a quarterly sample, available from the first quarter of 1999 to the third quarter of 2010. The main results show that when the economy has forward-looking features, efficient compositions are formed almost exclusively by inflation-linked bonds. In the other hand, when we utilize a backward-looking specification, results indicate that efficient compositions are formed by different types of bonds, including a large part of inflation-linked bonds.