Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2007). Thesis director: Roger R. Stough. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Vita: p. 154. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-153). Also issued in print.

When a new government is established, sovereign and national in its character, all of the land within its jurisdiction belongs to the people, not as individuals, but as a whole, except that which may have been theretofore acquired by individuals under such rights as may be respected by the new government. The land which has not been acquired by individuals is known as the public domain, and is subject to such disposition as the new government might determine. This thesis will review the public lands of Texas and how those lands have been used with a strong focus on the endowment of these lands to the public education system.

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The purpose of this thesis is to look at the preferred use and management of public lands in the state of Utah. The data used in this study was collected through a statewide, random survey measuring the respondent’s preferred use and management of public lands along with social and demographic information. Several quantitative tests were conducted on the variables used to illustrate the following: a snapshot of what the survey population looks like, how each independent variable interacts with the dependent variable, and finally, the combined interaction of all of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The primary goal of this thesis is to add more information to the growing body of literature on public land uses and preferences. Specifically, this research hopes to shed some light on how people in Utah feel about the use and management of public lands that exist within the borders. A secondary purpose in this study is to provide agencies and individuals that have a say in the use and management of public lands with information that will help them to manage public lands to more closely resemble the desires of the state residents. If a characteristic (or set of characteristics) is identified as a reliable predictor of preferences, those people and agencies who have the power to decide how public lands will be used will have a better indicator as to how well their decision will go over based on the characteristics of the population in that area.

Within the last decade, the United States Forest Service (USFS) has initiated a nation-wide project of Sustainable Recreation as a response to the decreasing amount of resources available to maintain the current recreation infrastructure, including trails, campgrounds, etc. These unmaintained trails and facilities pose a potential safety threat to users and the landscape in which they reside. This smaller pilot project, as part of the Southeast Arizona Sustainable Recreation Strategy, is the second pilot project in the Southwest Region of the USFS aimed at growing the Sustainable Recreation initiative. The main goal of this project is to create the framework for an inter-agency web application of recreation opportunities in Southeast Arizona, with an aim to increase communication between land management agencies, and to increase public participation and conservation of public lands. To achieve this, recreation data were gathered from multiple participating agencies and merged into a new schema in order to provide useful attribute information. This schema was then uploaded to ArcGIS Online and saved as a web map for internal, agency use. In addition, a public-facing web application and corresponding Story Map were also created. The result better portrays the Sustainable Recreation initiative and provides a one-stop-shop of useful recreation information and links for users who wish to become more involved. This project provides the groundwork for which more data from additional agencies and areas can be added and the participation of both land management agencies and the general public can grow.

The purpose of real estate securitization is to change the investment on real estate to securities, enabling the relationship between the investor and the object from a direct object ownership to an ownership of securities having creditor¡¦s rights. Through securities, the real estate market and the capital market can be combined, making the value of real estate change from fixed capital state to capital securities with circulating function so as to enlarge the processes of investment and participation, and increase the channels of capital collection for development of real estate. In recent years the expenses of local governments have been increasing with the expansion of their functions and capabilities. The incomplete and poor management of the system of expenses lead to a serious financial predicament confronted by local governments. And after the promulgation of Local Governments Autonomy Law and Law of Separated Income and Expenses of Central and Local Governments, the duties and rights of county governments and city governments have been tremendously promoted. The natures of independence and initiative being lacked in the policies of the past are found in the drafting and implementation of the existing policies. Therefore, the traditional public land management and the old land development model can no longer achieve economic interests. In addition, as tax income is decreasing gradually, to get a more efficient land use model, it is inevitable to see the trend of securitization. On 11th March, 2002 the Council for Economic Affairs of Executive Yuan passed the draft of ¡§Real Estate Securitization Law.¡¨ It imported two systems from foreign countries: the American and Japanese real estate investment trust and capital trust. They built up the structures for the legal systems of real estate securitization of Taiwan, as well as the issue and listing of beneficiary securities. As the draft not only took the American and Japanese legal systems as reference, but also met the environment and needs of that time, it should have been an applicable draft. Nevertheless, such aspects as how to solve the problems discovered, and the problems probably derived from its application on local governments are worthy of further investigation. In fact public real estate does not have lower expectation for securitization than the construction industry and banking industry. However, over the punishment on public real estate, trust itself has law to exert limitation. Before the related laws, like Nation-Owned Property Law, Land Law, etc. are revised, it deserves further investigation on whether trust can be a target for the issue of beneficiary certificates. This research refers to the implementation experience of the American and Japanese real estate securitization, accumulates the public land trust system of Japan, finds out the relevant cases of Taiwan in the past similar to ¡§real estate securitization,¡¨ examines the relevant systems, and raise the relevant problems that may possibly be confronted in times of application of real estate securitization on county-owned land management. There was a Chinese saying, ¡§It is useless to rely on law only.¡¨ Whether it is successful to apply real estate securitization on county-owned land management not only depends on the complete revision of law by the central government. A release of public land restriction and the local governments¡¦ willingness to change the existing systems will also affect the promotion of the policy. Besides, the research also focuses on the survey of questionnaires answered by various related supervisory departments of local governments (including villages, towns, city offices) that have practically participated the public land management and land development, so as to understand the local governments¡¦ cognition and attitudes towards the meaning of real estate securitization, and the problems they encountered when promoting the management of public land. Through the questionnaire survey, the right opportunity for local governments to promote real estate securitization can be known. It can be a reference for local governments to make their public land management and land development realized.

No description available.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / "Workshop report." Includes bibliographical references.

With the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994, the newly elected ANC government embarked on an ambitious program of land reform. The land reform programme in South Africa rests on 3 pillars: <ul> <li> Land redistribution</li> <li> Land restitution</li> <li> Land tenure reform</li> </ul> Land tenure reform is at the core of this case study and of the 3 pillars, has faced the most challenges during implementation. The renovation of public policy in general, and particularly in land policy, appears in numerous cases to be a priority on national agendas to relieve the numerous challenges rural Africans face: land conflicts, land insecurity, important demographic pressures and weight, high prevalence of poverty in rural areas, to identify just a few of these challenges. By analysing the development process of the Communal Land Rights Act of 2004 (CLaRA), this case study sought to understand the renovation of public land policy in South Africa. Review of literature on land tenure reform yielded a dichotomy of views with one side favouring freehold title for landless communities whilst on the other hand, there are proponents of a hybrid tenure system that recognizes the functioning aspects of traditional communal tenure. Those favouring freehold title pointed to the fact that this would increase investments on the land and access of the landowners to capital through formal financial markets. Those who would not be in a position to work the land would be able to sell it and invest the money elsewhere. Contrastingly, communal tenure was seen to have benefits for the wider community and for holders of secondary land rights such as women and children who could be excluded under freehold tenure arrangements. The notion that cash poor landless people could sell the land also raises political issues which might be politically detrimental to the government of the day. The research was primarily qualitative, interviewing a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the CLaRA development process. Stakeholders included government officials, traditional leadership, communities, legal advisors, land based NGOs, civil society, academia, research institutions, parliamentarians and politicians. The objective of this research was to determine the extent of participation by various stakeholders at the national level in policy development, with CLaRA as a case study. This was done through analyzing the various positions taken by different stakeholders and the extent to which these were included or the extent to which these influenced the content of the final Act. The outcome of the analysis indicates that to a greater extent, participatory processes seemed to have taken place during the development of the CLaRA, including numerous submissions by various groups to parliamentary portfolio committees, but the final content of the Act reflected predominantly the views of government and not other affected stakeholders. This led to the immediate challenge of the legislation in court by some communities and civil society leading to the eventual nullification of the legislation by the constitutional court. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Communicating the risks related to extreme heat is important and essential for saving lives. This study looks at how tourists think about extreme heat in a hot and dry environment. It looks at relationships between an individual’s local climate, their thoughts about the current weather conditions, and demographics. The results from this study are intended to help tourist agencies, emergency managers and emergency planners, and policymakers in creating and carrying out communication strategies for extreme heat. Thoughts about and physical responses to weather are different for everyone and shaped by personal experiences. How one thinks and feels about the weather is influenced by a lifetime of personal experiences, unique to each person. However, the connection between an individual’s experience and that of his/her understanding of weather-related risk, more specifically risk in extremely hot conditions, has yet to be studied. From 1988 to 2017 extreme heat events have killed more people in the US than any other weather-related hazard (i.e. tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, etc.). By understanding how an individual perceives weather conditions, we can begin to better understand best practices for communicating the risks of extreme heat with the intent of saving lives. There are three primary findings from this study. First is that visitors were likely to overestimate the temperature when it was cooler, but underestimate the temperature when it was hotter. Second, risk perceptions of visitors did not increase during hotter days. Lastly, visitors were not more likely to perform protective behaviors, such as checking the weather or carrying water, on hotter days. If extreme heat conditions do not influence visitors’ behaviors, they are placing themselves more at risk to extreme heat exposure.