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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sécurité et politique. Du clivage au consensus ? / Security and politic. From cleavage to consensus ?

Suzzoni, Benjamin 26 June 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse, qui s’inscrit dans le vaste domaine des politiques publiques de sécurité, a pour objet de montrer la manière dont la sécurité s’est construite, au fil des alternances politiques. Plus précisément, cette étude consiste à montrer en quoi des mouvements politiques qu’idéologies et histoire séparent en arrivent, sur les questions d’ordre et de sécurité, à se rapprocher. La réponse à cette question se décompose en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, on démontre que la sécurité s’est traditionnellement construite, notamment dans les années 1970 et 1980, à partir d’idéologies encourageant divisions et clivages. La gauche et la droite, conformément à leurs principes, ont élaboré des politiques différentes, privilégiant tantôt les libertés individuelles, tantôt l’ordre et la sécurité. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude s’attache à montrer que l’idéologie s’est progressivement effacée au profit d’un principe de réalité plutôt fédérateur. Au fil des développements, nous défendons l’idée d’un rapprochement entre droite et gauche qui conduit à penser et construire la sécurité selon des modes opératoires plus ou moins équivalents. L’exercice et l’expérience du pouvoir, le travail des experts et les recherches, les évolutions du monde ou tout simplement « l’épreuve de la réalité », véritable moment de vérité, placent les gouvernants de droite comme de gauche aux portes d'un consensus. Ces convergences permettront, espérons-le, de rassembler les énergies pour anticiper et mieux appréhender la criminalité de demain. / This dissertation, which is part of the broad field of public security policies, strives to show how security has been built over the political pendulum. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to show how the political movements, separated by ideologies and history, are getting closer on questions of order and security. The answer to this question breaks down in two stages. Firstly, we demonstrate that the security has traditionally been built, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, from ideologies promoting divisions and cleavages. The left and the right, in accordance with their principles, often developed different policies, sometimes favoring individual liberty, sometimes law and order. In a second step, the study strives to show that ideology has gradually cleared in favor of the unifying principle of reality instead. Throughout the developments, we advocate the idea of a merger between the right and the left which leads to envision and construct security in a more or less similar way. The exercise of power and experience it brings, the work of experts and researchers, changes in the world, or merely "the challenge of reality", the real moment of truth, put the rulers of both right and left on the outskirts of a consensus. This convergence will, hopefully, bring together the energies to better understand and anticipate tomorrow’s criminality.
2

Políticas públicas de segurança alimentar: análise da garantia do direito à alimentação em João Pessoa.

Abrantes, Laís Marcelle Nicolau 26 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-30T19:20:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1260370 bytes, checksum: 0b5ac2a913632efcf602f4292d2e24a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T19:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1260370 bytes, checksum: 0b5ac2a913632efcf602f4292d2e24a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This Master's Dissertation is engaged in the examination of public food security policies currently promoted in the city of João Pessoa. Its purpose is to analyze the contributions made by such policies to overcome situations of food insecurity still present in the region and, therefore, to effectively guarantee the alimentation right in the lives of local citizens. In Brazil, only from its re-democratization and the consequent changes in law, the alimentation right has become protected from broader and more complete way. Under the influence of international developments and own internal social movements, the democracy was reestablished and the respect for human dignity was erected as the basic foundation of the system. Within this new context, the concept of food security, rather shy and more present in the international arena, became developed nationally, leading to the development of various regulatory provisions, such as the Organic Law on Food and Nutritional Security (LOSAN) This emergence stressed the importance of alimentation as a fundamental human right and, therefore, stressed the imperative role of the State in ensuring its implementation to the entire population. This is where stands the development of public policies in Brazil. They are such state actions that have the power to give effect to the right to alimentation. But to do so, they must be implemented from the actions of all federal entities in the State, including the Municipalities themselves. Thus, given this reality, the present work, to achieve the purpose for which it is proposed, is structured into three chapters. In the first, the historical legal achievements that contributed to the international recognition of the human right to alimentation and to build the concept of food security are approached. In the second, are examined the influence of these achievements in Brazil and the advancement of Brazilian legislation to protect the alimentation right, as well are investigated the public policies promoted by the State to combat food insecurity in the country. Lastly, in the third chapter, a case study is carried out. At that time, is placed emphasis on the examination of public food security policies implemented in João Pessoa and its consequences. From this examination, is noticed, finally, the lack of state action in fulfilling its responsibility in implementing the alimentation right for all local citizens. / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado tem por objeto o exame das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar promovidas atualmente na cidade de João Pessoa. Sua finalidade consiste na análise das contribuições realizadas por tais políticas para superação das situações de insegurança alimentar ainda presentes na região e, por conseguinte, para garantia efetiva do direito à alimentação na vida dos cidadãos locais. No Brasil, somente a partir da sua redemocratização e das consequentes mudanças no plano jurídico, o direito à alimentação passou a ser protegido de maneira mais ampla e completa. Sob a influência dos avanços internacionais e dos próprios movimentos populares internos, a democracia foi reestabelecida e o respeito à dignidade humana foi erigido como fundamento basilar do sistema. Dentro desse novo contexto, o conceito de segurança alimentar, antes tímido e mais presente em âmbito internacional, passou a ser desenvolvido nacionalmente, acarretando a elaboração de diversos dispositivos normativos, a exemplo da Lei Orgânica de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (LOSAN). Tal elaboração salientou a importância da alimentação como direito fundamental do ser humano e, por conseguinte, realçou o papel impreterível do Estado em garantir sua concretização a toda população. É nesse ponto que se sobressai o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas no Brasil. São tais ações estatais que têm o condão de conferir efetividade ao direito à alimentação. Porém, para tanto, devem ser implementadas a partir da atuação de todos os entes federativos do Estado, inclusive dos próprios Municípios. Sendo assim, considerando essa realidade, o presente trabalho, para alcançar a finalidade a que se propõe, encontra-se estruturado em três capítulos. No primeiro, abordam-se as conquistas jurídicas históricas que colaboraram para o reconhecimento internacional do direito humano à alimentação e para a construção do conceito de segurança alimentar. No segundo, examinam-se a influência dessas conquistas no Brasil e o avanço da legislação brasileira na proteção ao direito à alimentação, bem como se investigam as políticas públicas promovidas pelo Estado para o combate da insegurança alimentar no país. Por último, no terceiro capítulo, é realizado o estudo de caso. Nessa oportunidade, é colocado em destaque o exame das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar implementadas em João Pessoa e dos seus consequentes desdobramentos. A partir desse exame, constata-se, por fim, a insuficiência da atuação estatal no cumprimento de sua responsabilidade na concretização do direito à alimentação a todos os cidadãos locais.

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