Objectif et hypothèse : Cette étude vise à démontrer que la biodentine (BD) est un biomatériau adéquat cliniquement pour des pulpotomies de dents primaires et qu’elle constitue une alternative au formocrésol (FC). L’hypothèse de recherche est que la BD aura de meilleures performances cliniques (taux de succès clinique et radiologique supérieurs) que le FC. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude clinique contrôlée randomisée. Les patients ont tous été traités sous anesthésie générale, en bureau privé, par 4 dentistes pédiatriques. Les dents traitées ont été assignées soit au groupe contrôle (pulpotomie avec FC) ou soit au groupe expérimental (pulpotomie avec BD) selon une liste aléatoire. Par la suite, les patients ont été suivis à 6 et 12 mois et les traitements réévalués selon leur succès clinique et radiologique. Résultats : 232 dents (72 patients) ont été incluses dans l’étude. Au contrôle à 12 mois et après attrition, 135 dents étaient disponibles pour un suivi clinique : 71 dents dans le groupe BD (69 succès et 2 échecs) et 64 dents dans le groupe FC (aucun échec). Pour le suivi radiologique, 71 dents étaient disponibles à 12 mois: 36 dents dans le groupe BD (31 succès et 5 échecs) et 35 dents dans le groupe FC (22 succès et 13 échecs). L’analyse de survie démontre un taux de succès clinique similaire entre la BD et le FC, mais démontre une différence significative (p=0,03) entre le succès radiologique des pulpotomies BD (86%) et FC (63%). Conclusion : La BD est un matériau adéquat pour les pulpotomies primaires, ayant des performances cliniques à court terme comparables au FC. La BD serait d’ailleurs une alternative intéressante au FC puisque les succès radiologiques après 12 mois de traitement sont supérieurs à ceux du FC. / Objective and hypothesis : The aim of this study is to demonstrate that BD is an adequate biomaterial for pulpotomies in the primary dentition and that it constitutes an alternative to FC. The hypothesis is that BD will perform better (superior clinical and radiographic success rate) than FC. Method : This is a randomized controlled trial. All patients were treated under general anesthesia, in the private practice of 4 pediatric dentists. Treated teeth were all allocated either to the experimental group (BD pulpotomies) or to the control group (FC pulpotomies) according to a randomization list. The patients were followed after 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic examination. Results : 232 teeth (72 patients) were included in this study. At the 12 months follow-up visit, 135 teeth were available for clinical examination : 71 teeth in the BD group (69 success, 2 failures) and 64 teeth in the FC group (no failure). For the radiographic examination, after 12 months, only 71 teeth were available : 36 teeth in the BD group (31 success et 5 failures) and 35 teeth in the FC group (22 success and 13 failures). The survival analysis shows no difference in clinical success rate, but there is a statistically significant difference (p=0,03) in the radiographic success rate between BD (86%) and FC (63%). Conclusion : Biodentine is an adequate material for pulpotomies in the primary dentition and it performed similarly than FC for short term clinical success. Biodentine would be an alternative to FC considering its better radiographic outcomes after 12 months of treatment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar: 1) a resposta pulpar de dentes decíduos humanos após pulpotomia com diferentes materiais capeadores por meio de análise clínica, radiográfica e histológica; e 2) a expressão da Proteína 1 da Matriz Dentinária (DMP-1) na resposta pulpar. Vinte e cinco molares decíduos inferiores de 22 crianças com idade entre 6 e 9 anos foram criteriosamente selecionados. Os dentes foram randomicamente divididos nos grupos Formocresol de Buckley diluído a 1/5 (Grupo I - FC), Hidróxido de Cálcio (Grupo II HC), Agregado Trióxido Mineral (Grupo III MTA), Otosporin® + Hidróxido de Cálcio (Grupo IV OTO+HC) e Cimento Portland (Grupo V PC), e tratados pela técnica convencional de pulpotomia em sessão única. As avaliações clínicas e radiográficas foram realizadas até o período normal de esfoliação. Os dentes foram extraídos e processados para análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica. Os resultados clínicos e radiográficos não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa nos grupos estudados (p>0,05). A análise estatística da avaliação histológica revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa para presença de barreira dentinária e camada odontoblástica entre o Grupo I(FC) e os Grupos II(HC), III(MTA), IV(OTO+HC) e V(PC) visto que o Grupo I(FC) não apresentou barreira dentinária e camada odontoblástica em nenhuma das lâminas observadas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos estudados quando da avaliação da calcificação pulpar. Para o item reabsorção interna observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o Grupo I(FC), II(HC) e os Grupos III(MTA), IV(OTO+HC) e V(PC) onde não se observaram reabsorções internas nas análises histológicas. A análise da expressão da DMP-1 demonstrou para o Grupo I(FC) imunomarcação localizada na região de calcificações pulpares localizadas nas raízes dos dentes avaliados, não havendo camada odontoblástica nem formação de barreira dentinária. Os Grupos II(HC), III(MTA), IV(OTO+HC) e V(PC) apresentaram imunomarcação na região de barreira dentinária e da camada odontoblástica, evidenciando a biocompatibilidade destes materiais, bem como a capacidade indutora para secreção de dentina. A análise conjunta dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, com o uso de diferentes técnicas, permitiu concluir que todos os materiais empregados apresentaram índices de sucesso clínico e radiográfico aceitáveis para indicação clínica. Na análise histológica os materiais HC, MTA e PC apresentaram melhores resultados no reparo pulpar. A expressão da DMP-1 na resposta pulpar permitiu visualizar a capacidade bioindutora dos materiais HC, MTA e PC no processo de reparo pulpar e formação de barreira. A comparação entre os grupos estudados permitiu constatar que o MTA e o PC se mostraram mais eficientes, proporcionando formação de barreira dentinária e respostas do complexo dentinho-pulpar mais satisfatórias. / The aim of this study was to evaluate: 1) the pulpal response of human primary teeth after pulpotomies with different pulp capping materials through clinical, radiographic and histological analysis; and 2) the expression of Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP-1) in the pulpal response. Twenty-five primary molars of 22 children aged 6-9 years-old were criteriously selected. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups: Buckleys Formocresol (diluted 1:5) (Group I - FC), Calcium Hydroxide - (Group II CH), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Group III MTA), Otosporin® + Calcium Hydroxide (Group IV OTO+CH) and Portland cement (Group V PC); and treated by the conventional technique of pulpotomy at a single appointment. The clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed until the teeth underwent normal exfoliation. The teeth were extracted and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The clinical and radiographic studies did not show statistically significant difference among the groups studied (p>0.05). The statistical analysis of the histological evaluation revealed statistically significant difference relating to the presence of the dentine barrier and odontoblastic layer between Group I(FC) and Groups II(CH), III(MTA), IV(OTO+CH) and V(PC) since the Group I(FC) did not exhibited dentine barrier and odontoblastic layer in any of the cuts observed. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups studied regarding to the evaluation of pulpal calcification. Concerning to internal resorption, there was a statistically significant difference among Group I(FC), II(CH) and Groups III(MTA), IV(OTO+CH) and V(PC) where internal resorption was not seen in the histological analyses. The analysis of the expression DMP-1 demonstrated for Group I(FC) immunostaining located in the area of pulpal calcifications within the roots of the teeth evaluated; however, neither odontoblastic layer nor dentine barrier were seen. The Groups II(CH), III(MTA), IV(OTO+CH) and V(PC) showed immunostaining in the area of dentine barrier and odontoblastic layer, evidencing the biocompatibility of these materials, as well as, the capacity for inducing dentine secretion. The comprehensive analyses of the results obtained in this study with the use of different techniques enabled to conclude that all materials employed showed clinical and radiographic success rates acceptable for the clinical indication. In the histological analysis, CH, MTA and PC materials exhibited the best results for pulpal repair. The expression of DMP-1 in the pulpal response allowed visualizing the biological inductive capacity of CH, MTA and PC materials on the process of pulpal repair and barrier formation. The comparison among the groups studied enable to find that MTA and PC were more efficient, providing the dentine barrier formation and more satisfactory responses of the dentino-pulpal complex.

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação histopatológica e radiográfica da resposta pulpar e periapical de dentes de cães após pulpotomia e utilização da Proteína Morfogenética Óssea Recombinante Humana 7. Foram utilizados 60 dentes (120 raízes) de 6 cães, divididos em 8 grupos, nos períodos experimentais de 7 dias (Grupos I, II, III, IV) e 70 dias (Grupos V, VI, VII, VIII). Após a pulpotomia, o remanescente pulpar foi recoberto com os seguintes materiais: Grupos I e V - Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana 7 (rHuBMP-7) associada ao Colágeno Recombinante Humano (rHuCollagen); Grupos II e VI - Colágeno Recombinante Humano (rHuCollagen); Grupos III e VII (Controle Negativo) - Hidróxido de Cálcio p.a. e soro fisiológico e Grupos IV e VIII (Controle Positivo) - Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol. Decorridos os períodos experimentais, os animais foram mortos, as peças removidas e submetidas ao processamento histológico. A avaliação histopatológica foi realizada subjetivamente em microscópio óptico. A avaliação radiográfica foi realizada considerando-se a integridade da lâmina dura, presença de áreas de rarefação óssea periapical, de reabsorções radiculares (interna e externa) e de ponte de dentina, sendo os resultados submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o teste exato de Fisher. Nos espécimes que apresentavam áreas de rarefação periapical, as medidas radiográficas das lesões foram comparadas entre os grupos por meio do teste de Kruskall-Wallis. Os achados histopatológicos evidenciaram que no período de 7 dias, nos Grupos I e II havia um infiltrado inflamatório severo e intensa proliferação vascular no tecido pulpar, no Grupo IV um infiltrado inflamatório moderado enquanto no Grupo III foi observado um infiltrado inflamatório leve, estando o tecido pulpar íntegro. Em todos os grupos não havia formação de ponte de dentina e a região periapical apresentava aspectos de normalidade. No período de 70 dias, nos Grupos V, VI e VIII não houve formação de ponte de dentina, o tecido pulpar apresentava áreas de necrose com presença de células inflamatórias na região periapical e reabsorção cementária e óssea. Por outro lado, no Grupo VII, foi observada presença de ponte de dentina, ausência de processo inflamatório e ausência de reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados. Com relação aos achados radiográficos, no período de 7 dias, todos os espécimes dos Grupos I, II, III e IV apresentavam integridade da lâmina dura, ausência de rarefação óssea periapical, ausência de reabsorção radicular (interna e externa) e ausência de ponte de dentina. No período de 70 dias, nos Grupos V, VI e VIII não houve formação de ponte de dentina em nenhum espécime sendo observadas áreas de rarefação óssea periapical em 100% das raízes do Grupo VI, 60% das raízes do Grupo VIII e 40% das raízes do Grupo V, sendo as maiores lesões encontradas no Grupo VI, seguida pelos Grupos V e VIII (p<0,05). No grupo VII, foi observada presença de ponte de dentina em 60% dos casos, integridade da lâmina e ausência de rarefação óssea periapical em 100% dos casos. Pode-se concluir que a Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana 7 quando associada ao Colágeno Recombinante Humano não apresentou resultados satisfatórios. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate, both histopathologically and radiographically, the pulpal and periapical response of dogs’ teeth after pulpotomy and use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rHuBMP-7). For such purpose, 60 teeth (120 roots), obtained from 6 dogs, were divided in 8 groups and evaluated in two experimental periods: 7 days (Groups I, II, III, IV) and 70 days (Groups V, VI, VII, VIII). After pulpotomy, pulp remnant was covered with the following materials: Groups I and V - recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rHuBMP-7) associated to recombinant human like collagen (rHuCollagen); Groups II and VI - recombinant human like collagen (rHuCollagen); Groups III and VII (negative control) – calcium hydroxide and sodium chloride solution; and Groups IV and VIII (positive control) – zinc oxide and eugenol. At the established experimental periods, the animals were sacrificed and the anatomic pieces were obtained and histologically processed. The histopathologic evaluation was realized subjectively in a light microscope. The radiographic evaluation was performed considering the integrity of the lamina dura, presence of areas of periapical bone rarefaction, root resorption (internal and external) and dentin bridge formation. The results were analyzed statistically using Fisher\'s exact test. In the specimens presenting periapical bone rarefaction areas, the lesions’ radiographic measurements were compared among the groups using the Kruskall-Wallis test. The histopathologic findings in the 7-day period revealed that Groups I and II presented a severe inflammatory infiltrate and intense vascular proliferation in the pulp tissue, Group IV presented a moderate inflammatory infiltrate while Group III presented a mild inflammatory infiltrate and intact pulp tissue. In all groups, there was no dentin bridge formation and the periapical region had normal appearance. In the 70-day period, Groups V, VI and VIII showed no dentin bridge formation and pulp tissue presented necrotic areas with inflammatory cells in the periapical region as well as bone and cemental resorption. On the other hand, in Group VII, there was dentin bridge formation, absence of inflammatory process and absence of resorption of mineralized tissues. Regarding the radiographic findings, in the 7-day period, all specimens in Groups I, II, III and IV present intact lamina dura, absence of periapical bone rarefaction, absence of root resorption (internal and external) and absence of dentin bridge formation. In the 70-day period, Groups V, VI and VIII did not present dentin bridge formation in any specimen. Periapical bone rarefaction areas were observed in 100% of the roots in Group VI, 60% of the roots in Group VIII and 40% of the roots in Group V. The largest lesions were found in Group VI, followed by Groups V and VIII (p<0.05). In Group VII, there was dentin bridge formation in 60% of the cases, intact lamina dura and absence of periapical bone rarefaction in 100% of the cases. Based on these results, it may be concluded that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 associated to recombinant human like collagen did not present satisfactory results.

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação histopatológica e radiográfica da resposta pulpar e periapical de dentes de cães após pulpotomia e utilização da Proteína Morfogenética Óssea Recombinante Humana 7. Foram utilizados 60 dentes (120 raízes) de 6 cães, divididos em 8 grupos, nos períodos experimentais de 7 dias (Grupos I, II, III, IV) e 70 dias (Grupos V, VI, VII, VIII). Após a pulpotomia, o remanescente pulpar foi recoberto com os seguintes materiais: Grupos I e V - Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana 7 (rHuBMP-7) associada ao Colágeno Recombinante Humano (rHuCollagen); Grupos II e VI - Colágeno Recombinante Humano (rHuCollagen); Grupos III e VII (Controle Negativo) - Hidróxido de Cálcio p.a. e soro fisiológico e Grupos IV e VIII (Controle Positivo) - Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol. Decorridos os períodos experimentais, os animais foram mortos, as peças removidas e submetidas ao processamento histológico. A avaliação histopatológica foi realizada subjetivamente em microscópio óptico. A avaliação radiográfica foi realizada considerando-se a integridade da lâmina dura, presença de áreas de rarefação óssea periapical, de reabsorções radiculares (interna e externa) e de ponte de dentina, sendo os resultados submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o teste exato de Fisher. Nos espécimes que apresentavam áreas de rarefação periapical, as medidas radiográficas das lesões foram comparadas entre os grupos por meio do teste de Kruskall-Wallis. Os achados histopatológicos evidenciaram que no período de 7 dias, nos Grupos I e II havia um infiltrado inflamatório severo e intensa proliferação vascular no tecido pulpar, no Grupo IV um infiltrado inflamatório moderado enquanto no Grupo III foi observado um infiltrado inflamatório leve, estando o tecido pulpar íntegro. Em todos os grupos não havia formação de ponte de dentina e a região periapical apresentava aspectos de normalidade. No período de 70 dias, nos Grupos V, VI e VIII não houve formação de ponte de dentina, o tecido pulpar apresentava áreas de necrose com presença de células inflamatórias na região periapical e reabsorção cementária e óssea. Por outro lado, no Grupo VII, foi observada presença de ponte de dentina, ausência de processo inflamatório e ausência de reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados. Com relação aos achados radiográficos, no período de 7 dias, todos os espécimes dos Grupos I, II, III e IV apresentavam integridade da lâmina dura, ausência de rarefação óssea periapical, ausência de reabsorção radicular (interna e externa) e ausência de ponte de dentina. No período de 70 dias, nos Grupos V, VI e VIII não houve formação de ponte de dentina em nenhum espécime sendo observadas áreas de rarefação óssea periapical em 100% das raízes do Grupo VI, 60% das raízes do Grupo VIII e 40% das raízes do Grupo V, sendo as maiores lesões encontradas no Grupo VI, seguida pelos Grupos V e VIII (p<0,05). No grupo VII, foi observada presença de ponte de dentina em 60% dos casos, integridade da lâmina e ausência de rarefação óssea periapical em 100% dos casos. Pode-se concluir que a Proteína Óssea Morfogenética Recombinante Humana 7 quando associada ao Colágeno Recombinante Humano não apresentou resultados satisfatórios. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate, both histopathologically and radiographically, the pulpal and periapical response of dogs’ teeth after pulpotomy and use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rHuBMP-7). For such purpose, 60 teeth (120 roots), obtained from 6 dogs, were divided in 8 groups and evaluated in two experimental periods: 7 days (Groups I, II, III, IV) and 70 days (Groups V, VI, VII, VIII). After pulpotomy, pulp remnant was covered with the following materials: Groups I and V - recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rHuBMP-7) associated to recombinant human like collagen (rHuCollagen); Groups II and VI - recombinant human like collagen (rHuCollagen); Groups III and VII (negative control) – calcium hydroxide and sodium chloride solution; and Groups IV and VIII (positive control) – zinc oxide and eugenol. At the established experimental periods, the animals were sacrificed and the anatomic pieces were obtained and histologically processed. The histopathologic evaluation was realized subjectively in a light microscope. The radiographic evaluation was performed considering the integrity of the lamina dura, presence of areas of periapical bone rarefaction, root resorption (internal and external) and dentin bridge formation. The results were analyzed statistically using Fisher\'s exact test. In the specimens presenting periapical bone rarefaction areas, the lesions’ radiographic measurements were compared among the groups using the Kruskall-Wallis test. The histopathologic findings in the 7-day period revealed that Groups I and II presented a severe inflammatory infiltrate and intense vascular proliferation in the pulp tissue, Group IV presented a moderate inflammatory infiltrate while Group III presented a mild inflammatory infiltrate and intact pulp tissue. In all groups, there was no dentin bridge formation and the periapical region had normal appearance. In the 70-day period, Groups V, VI and VIII showed no dentin bridge formation and pulp tissue presented necrotic areas with inflammatory cells in the periapical region as well as bone and cemental resorption. On the other hand, in Group VII, there was dentin bridge formation, absence of inflammatory process and absence of resorption of mineralized tissues. Regarding the radiographic findings, in the 7-day period, all specimens in Groups I, II, III and IV present intact lamina dura, absence of periapical bone rarefaction, absence of root resorption (internal and external) and absence of dentin bridge formation. In the 70-day period, Groups V, VI and VIII did not present dentin bridge formation in any specimen. Periapical bone rarefaction areas were observed in 100% of the roots in Group VI, 60% of the roots in Group VIII and 40% of the roots in Group V. The largest lesions were found in Group VI, followed by Groups V and VIII (p<0.05). In Group VII, there was dentin bridge formation in 60% of the cases, intact lamina dura and absence of periapical bone rarefaction in 100% of the cases. Based on these results, it may be concluded that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 associated to recombinant human like collagen did not present satisfactory results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reston_eg_dr_arafo.pdf: 3409643 bytes, checksum: 8f1fae9c8cf65d5cd2e99d8e4ddf01ee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de formação de barreira de tecido duro quando da realização de pulpotomias, onde as feridas pulpares foram capeadas com três diferentes materiais. Hidróxido de cálcio, Agregado de Trióxido Mineral (MTA), e PROROOT® MTA foram estudados quanto à morfologia e localização da barreira de tecido reparador formada, e também quanto à extensão do reparo. Três métodos de avaliação (microscopia eletrônica de varredura, lupa estereoscópica e microscópio de luz) foram empregados para analisar as imagens da barreira de tecido duro, e comparados entre si para avaliar a abrangência do espectro de leitura de cada método. Cinco cães Beagle, com idade de doze meses foram utilizados, sendo as pulpotomias realizadas nos segundos, terceiros e quartos pré-molares. Os dentes foram capeados com os materiais experimentais e controle e as cavidades restauradas com amálgama de prata. Após o período mínimo de 90 dias e máximo de 105 os animais foram sacrificados e os dentes submetidos ao processamento laboratorial para avaliação em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Um programa analisador de imagens foi empregado para delimitar e determinar as áreas dos condutos e compará-las com as áreas das barreiras de tecido duro formadas no local. Os dados da microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram utilizados para verificar a morfologia da barreira. A localização e extensão desta estrutura reparadora foi também avaliada com auxílio de lupa esteroscópica e microscópio de luz. Os resultados obtidos permitiram demonstrar que nos espécimes pertencentes ao grupo PROROOT® ocorreu maior número de reparações completas, caracterizadas pela deposição de barreira de tecido duro, a qual apresentava característica tubular, quando comparado ao grupo hidróxido de cálcio.... / This in vivo study was carried out to evaluate the reparative potential of pulps mechanically exposed following pulpotomy with three different capping agents. Calcium hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), and PROROOT® MTA were evaluated regarding the morphology, location, and extension of the reparative hardbarrier deposition. Three methods were used to evaluate the images from the reparative area (scanning electron microscope - SEM, stereo microscope - Lupe, and optical microscope). The methods were compared to evaluate the reading spectrum of each applied method. Five Beagle dogs, twelve months-old were used. Pulpotomies were performed in the second, third and forth premolars. The exposed pulps were capped with the selected experimental or control materials and the cavities restored with amalgam. After 90 to 106 days the animals were sacrificed and the teeth surgically removed in bloc were processed for SEM assessment. An image analyzer was used to measure the total area of the exposition and compare it to the area occupied by the hard-barrier. Data from SEM were used to evaluate morphology and location of the hard-barrier formation as well as the percentage of pulpal wound obliteration, which was also measured by stereo microscope and optical microscope. Larger number of samples in which PROROOT® was applied as pulp-capping agent exhibited complete hard-barrier formation when compared to calcium hydroxide and MTA. For most of PROROOT® samples, the hardbarrier exhibited several dentinal tubules. On the other hand, calcium hydroxide samples presented the lowest number of total repairs and the hard-barrier observed in a few samples exhibited amorphous histological characteristics. Finally, it was demonstrated that SEM evaluation does not allow detailed assessment of the hard-barrier formation such as its extension and location... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa / Banca: Osmir Batista de Oliveira Júnior / Banca: Maria Salete Machado Cândido / Banca: Alcebíades Nunes Barbosa / Banca: Adair Luiz Stefanello Busato / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de formação de barreira de tecido duro quando da realização de pulpotomias, onde as feridas pulpares foram capeadas com três diferentes materiais. Hidróxido de cálcio, Agregado de Trióxido Mineral (MTA), e PROROOT® MTA foram estudados quanto à morfologia e localização da barreira de tecido reparador formada, e também quanto à extensão do reparo. Três métodos de avaliação (microscopia eletrônica de varredura, lupa estereoscópica e microscópio de luz) foram empregados para analisar as imagens da barreira de tecido duro, e comparados entre si para avaliar a abrangência do espectro de leitura de cada método. Cinco cães Beagle, com idade de doze meses foram utilizados, sendo as pulpotomias realizadas nos segundos, terceiros e quartos pré-molares. Os dentes foram capeados com os materiais experimentais e controle e as cavidades restauradas com amálgama de prata. Após o período mínimo de 90 dias e máximo de 105 os animais foram sacrificados e os dentes submetidos ao processamento laboratorial para avaliação em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Um programa analisador de imagens foi empregado para delimitar e determinar as áreas dos condutos e compará-las com as áreas das barreiras de tecido duro formadas no local. Os dados da microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram utilizados para verificar a morfologia da barreira. A localização e extensão desta estrutura reparadora foi também avaliada com auxílio de lupa esteroscópica e microscópio de luz. Os resultados obtidos permitiram demonstrar que nos espécimes pertencentes ao grupo PROROOT® ocorreu maior número de reparações completas, caracterizadas pela deposição de barreira de tecido duro, a qual apresentava característica tubular, quando comparado ao grupo hidróxido de cálcio.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This in vivo study was carried out to evaluate the reparative potential of pulps mechanically exposed following pulpotomy with three different capping agents. Calcium hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), and PROROOT® MTA were evaluated regarding the morphology, location, and extension of the reparative hardbarrier deposition. Three methods were used to evaluate the images from the reparative area (scanning electron microscope - SEM, stereo microscope - Lupe, and optical microscope). The methods were compared to evaluate the reading spectrum of each applied method. Five Beagle dogs, twelve months-old were used. Pulpotomies were performed in the second, third and forth premolars. The exposed pulps were capped with the selected experimental or control materials and the cavities restored with amalgam. After 90 to 106 days the animals were sacrificed and the teeth surgically removed in bloc were processed for SEM assessment. An image analyzer was used to measure the total area of the exposition and compare it to the area occupied by the hard-barrier. Data from SEM were used to evaluate morphology and location of the hard-barrier formation as well as the percentage of pulpal wound obliteration, which was also measured by stereo microscope and optical microscope. Larger number of samples in which PROROOT® was applied as pulp-capping agent exhibited complete hard-barrier formation when compared to calcium hydroxide and MTA. For most of PROROOT® samples, the hardbarrier exhibited several dentinal tubules. On the other hand, calcium hydroxide samples presented the lowest number of total repairs and the hard-barrier observed in a few samples exhibited amorphous histological characteristics. Finally, it was demonstrated that SEM evaluation does not allow detailed assessment of the hard-barrier formation such as its extension and location... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar: 1) a resposta pulpar de dentes decíduos humanos após pulpotomia com diferentes materiais capeadores por meio de análise clínica, radiográfica e histológica; e 2) a expressão da Proteína 1 da Matriz Dentinária (DMP-1) na resposta pulpar. Vinte e cinco molares decíduos inferiores de 22 crianças com idade entre 6 e 9 anos foram criteriosamente selecionados. Os dentes foram randomicamente divididos nos grupos Formocresol de Buckley diluído a 1/5 (Grupo I - FC), Hidróxido de Cálcio (Grupo II HC), Agregado Trióxido Mineral (Grupo III MTA), Otosporin® + Hidróxido de Cálcio (Grupo IV OTO+HC) e Cimento Portland (Grupo V PC), e tratados pela técnica convencional de pulpotomia em sessão única. As avaliações clínicas e radiográficas foram realizadas até o período normal de esfoliação. Os dentes foram extraídos e processados para análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica. Os resultados clínicos e radiográficos não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa nos grupos estudados (p>0,05). A análise estatística da avaliação histológica revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa para presença de barreira dentinária e camada odontoblástica entre o Grupo I(FC) e os Grupos II(HC), III(MTA), IV(OTO+HC) e V(PC) visto que o Grupo I(FC) não apresentou barreira dentinária e camada odontoblástica em nenhuma das lâminas observadas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos estudados quando da avaliação da calcificação pulpar. Para o item reabsorção interna observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o Grupo I(FC), II(HC) e os Grupos III(MTA), IV(OTO+HC) e V(PC) onde não se observaram reabsorções internas nas análises histológicas. A análise da expressão da DMP-1 demonstrou para o Grupo I(FC) imunomarcação localizada na região de calcificações pulpares localizadas nas raízes dos dentes avaliados, não havendo camada odontoblástica nem formação de barreira dentinária. Os Grupos II(HC), III(MTA), IV(OTO+HC) e V(PC) apresentaram imunomarcação na região de barreira dentinária e da camada odontoblástica, evidenciando a biocompatibilidade destes materiais, bem como a capacidade indutora para secreção de dentina. A análise conjunta dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, com o uso de diferentes técnicas, permitiu concluir que todos os materiais empregados apresentaram índices de sucesso clínico e radiográfico aceitáveis para indicação clínica. Na análise histológica os materiais HC, MTA e PC apresentaram melhores resultados no reparo pulpar. A expressão da DMP-1 na resposta pulpar permitiu visualizar a capacidade bioindutora dos materiais HC, MTA e PC no processo de reparo pulpar e formação de barreira. A comparação entre os grupos estudados permitiu constatar que o MTA e o PC se mostraram mais eficientes, proporcionando formação de barreira dentinária e respostas do complexo dentinho-pulpar mais satisfatórias. / The aim of this study was to evaluate: 1) the pulpal response of human primary teeth after pulpotomies with different pulp capping materials through clinical, radiographic and histological analysis; and 2) the expression of Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP-1) in the pulpal response. Twenty-five primary molars of 22 children aged 6-9 years-old were criteriously selected. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups: Buckleys Formocresol (diluted 1:5) (Group I - FC), Calcium Hydroxide - (Group II CH), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Group III MTA), Otosporin® + Calcium Hydroxide (Group IV OTO+CH) and Portland cement (Group V PC); and treated by the conventional technique of pulpotomy at a single appointment. The clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed until the teeth underwent normal exfoliation. The teeth were extracted and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The clinical and radiographic studies did not show statistically significant difference among the groups studied (p>0.05). The statistical analysis of the histological evaluation revealed statistically significant difference relating to the presence of the dentine barrier and odontoblastic layer between Group I(FC) and Groups II(CH), III(MTA), IV(OTO+CH) and V(PC) since the Group I(FC) did not exhibited dentine barrier and odontoblastic layer in any of the cuts observed. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups studied regarding to the evaluation of pulpal calcification. Concerning to internal resorption, there was a statistically significant difference among Group I(FC), II(CH) and Groups III(MTA), IV(OTO+CH) and V(PC) where internal resorption was not seen in the histological analyses. The analysis of the expression DMP-1 demonstrated for Group I(FC) immunostaining located in the area of pulpal calcifications within the roots of the teeth evaluated; however, neither odontoblastic layer nor dentine barrier were seen. The Groups II(CH), III(MTA), IV(OTO+CH) and V(PC) showed immunostaining in the area of dentine barrier and odontoblastic layer, evidencing the biocompatibility of these materials, as well as, the capacity for inducing dentine secretion. The comprehensive analyses of the results obtained in this study with the use of different techniques enabled to conclude that all materials employed showed clinical and radiographic success rates acceptable for the clinical indication. In the histological analysis, CH, MTA and PC materials exhibited the best results for pulpal repair. The expression of DMP-1 in the pulpal response allowed visualizing the biological inductive capacity of CH, MTA and PC materials on the process of pulpal repair and barrier formation. The comparison among the groups studied enable to find that MTA and PC were more efficient, providing the dentine barrier formation and more satisfactory responses of the dentino-pulpal complex.

Objectifs: Le but principal de cette étude prospective multicentrique est d’évaluer les succès clinique et radiographique des pulpotomies avec la Biodentine sur des dents permanentes traumatisées avec exposition pulpaire. Les objectifs secondaires sont d’évaluer si la maturation radiculaire affecte le pronostic du traitement et si la Biodentine cause une décoloration significative de la structure dentaire. Matériel et Méthode: Cette étude a été réalisée dans deux centres hospitaliers universitaires au Canada. Des sujets de moins de 18 ans se présentant avec un traumatisme sur les dents permanentes antérieures ont été invités à participer à cette étude. Les sujets médicalement compromis ainsi que les dents associées à une avulsion ont été exclus. La collecte de données comprenait: les données démographiques des patients, la durée et la taille de l'exposition pulpaire, le traumatisme associé et le stade de maturation radiculaire. Les cas ont été suivis jusqu’à 24 mois post-traitement. Les critères de succès clinique étaient l’absence de symptômes, des tests de vitalités positifs et un sondage normal. Le succès radiologique a été déterminé comme suit: continuation de la maturation radiculaire (apexogenèse) des dents immatures et apparence normale des tissus périradiculaires. Résultats: Quarante-cinq patients, dont 25 hommes et 20 femmes, âgés entre 8 et 16 ans (moyenne 10,86 ± 2,2) ont été inclus dans cette étude. Au total, 51 dents ont été traitées dont 29 dents immatures. Six dents traitées ont été perdues aux suivis et la période de suivi moyenne était de 13 mois (6-24). Les résultats ont montré un taux de survie de 100% et un taux de réussite de 91%. Quatre échecs ont été notés, deux à un mois et les deux autres à sept et 15 mois. Les résultats cliniques ont montré une diminution des symptômes et une augmentation de la positivité des tests de vitalité avec le temps. Huit dents ont présenté une légère décoloration, mais restaient esthétiquement acceptable. Les résultats radiologiques ont montré une formation de ponts dentinaires dans 90% des cas et toutes les dents immatures ont montré une continuation de la maturation radiculaire. Conclusions: Les pulpotomies à la Biodentine ont montré un taux de succès élevé sur des dents antérieures permanentes avec expositions pulpaires traumatiques avec un suivi moyen de 13 mois. Nos résultats montrent que la Biodentine peut constituer une alternative à l’hydroxyde de calcium et au Mineral Trioxide Aggregate et n’entraine pas une décoloration significative de la dent. Finalement, le stade de maturation radiculaire n’a pas affecté le pronostic du traitement. Mots-clés : Pulpotomie, thérapie pulpaire vitale, fracture coronaire avec exposition pulpaire, Biodentine. / Objectives: The aim of this multicentric prospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Biodentine pulpotomies on permanent traumatised teeth with pulp exposure. The secondary objectives were to evaluate if root maturation affects the treatment outcome and to assess color stability of Biodentine. Methods: This study was carried out in two hospital-based dental departments in Canada. Children seeking emergency care following trauma to anterior permanent teeth were invited to participate in this study. Medically compromised children and teeth with concomitant avulsion were excluded. Data collected included: patient demographics, time since pulp exposure, size of exposure, associated trauma and radiographic root maturation stage. The treatment outcome was assessed clinically and radiographically up to 24 months after treatment. Clinical success was determined when a tooth remained asymptomatic and when it responded positively to vitality testing with normal probing. Radiographic success was determined as follow: continuation of root maturation (apexogenesis) in immature teeth and normal appearance of periradicular tissues. Results: Forty-five patients between the age of 8 to 16 years old (mean 10.86 ± 2.2) were included in this study. There were 25 males and 20 females. A total of 51 teeth were treated with a Biodentine pulpotomy of which twenty-nine (57%) had an immature apex. Six teeth were lost to follow-up. The average follow-up period was 13 months (6-24). This study showed a survival rate of 100% and a success rate of 91%. Four failures were noted, two at one month and the others at seven and 15 months post- treatment. Clinical outcomes showed that, over time, tooth sensitivity decreased whereas positive vitality testing increased. Eight teeth showed slight discoloration, however the results remained esthetically satisfying. Radiographic outcomes showed dentinal bridge formation in 90% of cases. All immature teeth showed continued root formation. Conclusions: Biodentine pulpotomies showed a high success rate on anterior permanent traumatized teeth with a pulp exposure at 13 months follow-up. According to our results, Biodentine may be a good alternative to calcium hydroxide and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate vital pulpotomies and did not cause significant discoloration. Finally, root maturation did not affect the treatment outcome. Keywords: Complicated crown fractures, pulpotomy, vital pulp therapy, Biodentine.

Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude rétrospective est d’évaluer l’efficacité clinique et radiologique du peroxyde d’hydrogène 3% dans les pulpotomies de molaires primaires et de les comparer aux pulpotomies faites avec une dilution 1:5 de la formule de formocrésol de Buckley. Méthode : Les données cliniques et radiologiques de 401 molaires primaires traitées par pulpotomies avec un suivi minimum de 24 mois, sauf en cas d’échec, ont été obtenues des dossiers de 216 enfants. Résultats : Aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été observée entre les résultats des pulpotomies au formocrésol et au peroxyde d’hydrogène à l’analyse clinique (p=0,435) et radiologique (p=0,2447). La probabilité cumulative de survie clinique était supérieure ou égale à 98% pour les molaires traitées au formocrésol et 99% pour celles traitées au peroxyde d’hydrogène, à tous les temps de suivi, variant de 19 mois à 106 mois. Radiologiquement, la probabilité cumulative de survie au 24e mois était de 81% pour le formocrésol et de 91% pour le peroxyde d’hydrogène. Conclusions : Le peroxyde d’hydrogène a démontré des taux de succès clinique et radiologique comparables à ceux du formocrésol pour les pulpotomies de molaires primaires. / Purpose: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological success of 3% hydrogen peroxide in primary molar pulpotomies and compare them to pulpotomies made with a 1:5 dilution of Buckley’s formocresol formula. Methods: Clinical and radiographic data of 401 pulpotomized primary molars with a minimum follow-up of 24 months, except in cases of failure, were obtained from the records of 216 children. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the results of formocresol and hydrogen peroxide pulpotomies clinically (p = 0.435) and radiologically (p = 0.2447). The cumulative probability of clinical survival was greater than or equal to 98% for molars treated with formocresol and 99% for those treated with hydrogen peroxide at all follow-up periods, ranging from 19 to 106 months. Radiologically, the cumulative probability of survival at 24 months was 81% for formocresol and 91% hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide has demonstrated clinical and radiological success rates comparable to those of formocresol in primary molar pulpotomies