Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ripardo_aks_me_botfca.pdf: 2207434 bytes, checksum: 268b16c74bac688318849a6cac26bf17 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O maracujá ‘Roxinho do Kênia’ é uma fruta que pode transformar-se numa fonte de renda importante para o agricultor, devido ao elevado valor pago no mercado europeu pela fruta in natura. A nutrição mineral é essencial para elevar a produtividade e melhorar a qualidade dos frutos, sendo o nitrogênio e o potássio os nutrientes mais absorvidos pelo maracujazeiro. Considerando a falta de estudos sobre as quantidades de N, P, K na cultura do maracujazeiroroxo, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do maracujazeiro ‘Roxinho do Kênia’ (Passiflora edulis var. edulis Sims), quanto a doses crescentes de NPK. O experimento foi implantado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso, empregando-se doses de NPK (20-05-20): 140, 200, 260, 320, 380 e 440 g/planta, com quatros repetições. As mudas foram plantadas no espaçamento de 2,50 x 2,50m, contendo quatro plantas por parcela. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: altura da planta com 30, 46, 63, 77 e 92 dias pós-plantio; diâmetro do tronco a 30 cm do solo com 30, 46, 63, 77, 92 e 107 dias pósplantio; produção; produtividade; classificação dos frutos por tipo com posterior contagem e pesagem; análise do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e vitamina C. O aumento nas doses de NPK não influenciou no crescimento em altura e diâmetro do caule das plantas na maioria dos tempos avaliados, porém aos 92 e 107 dias, respectivamente, houve efeito significativo para as doses; a adubação com NPK não influenciou nos demais parâmetros avaliados / The passion fruit 'Roxinho of Kênia' is a fruit that can become an important source of income for the farmer because of the high price paid in the European market for fresh fruit. The mineral nutrition is essential to raise productivity and improve fruit quality, with nitrogen and potassium nutrients most absorbed by passion. Considering the lack of studies on the amounts of N, P and K in the culture of the purple passion fruit, this study aimed to evaluate the development, productivity and quality of passion fruit Roxinho of Kênia (Passiflora edulis var. Edulis Sims), as to increasing levels of NPK. The experiment was established on the Experimental Farm Lageado belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in Botucatu, São Paulo. The statistical design was randomized blocks, using increasing doses of NPK (20-05-20) at doses of 140, 200, 260, 320, 380 and 440 g / plant, with four replications. Seedlings were planted at a spacing of 2.50 x 2.50 m, containing four plants per plot. The parameters evaluated were: plant height at 30, 46, 63, 77 and 92 days after planting, trunk diameter 30 cm of soil with 30, 46, 63, 77, 92 and 107 days after planting; production, productivity; classification fruit type with subsequent counting and weighing, analysis of Brix, acidity and vitamin C Increasing doses of NPK had no effect on growth in height and stem diameters of plants in most time periods studied, but at 92 and 107 days, respectively, there was a significant effect for the doses, the NPK fertilizer did not influence the other parameters were

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The Color Purple (1982) focuses on highlighting Celie’s journey throughout life as an oppressed black woman living in the South in the United States in the early 1900s. Celie is abused mentally, physically, and sexually by her stepfather Alphonso and her husband Mr. _____. This is the oppression she has faced, which holds back her search for her own identity. Black feminism, lesbian feminism and queer theory are explained and used in order to understand how to analyze The Color Purple. Gender performance, compulsory heterosexuality and lesbianism are all important concepts that are used to analyze Celie’s oppression and development. This paper highlights the factors that have aided Celie in her search for selfhood, which are motherhood, female solidarity, black lesbian shamelessness and especially her lesbian relationship with the singer Shug. The analysis concludes that Shug was both the catalyst and one of the driving forces which enabled Celie to find her voice.

Two studies were conducted from 2017 – 2019 at Stoneville, MS the first was to determine optimum seeding rates on single and twin row configuration during both late and early planting dates. The second study was to compare two row configurations with two planting populations (whole plot) but add management strategies (subplots) within each whole plot. From this data, yield optimization could be reached within each system that likely encompasses everything a producer in the Mississippi Delta could encounter during a growing season. Soybean seed from this data was analyzed for protein, oil, and fatty acid composition to determine which systems produce greater seed quality in terms of seed composition. Normal (non-symptomatic) and seed visually infected with purple seed stain (PSS) were compared to determine how infected soybean seed compared to normal soybean seed. Both seed (infected and non-symptomatic) were compared by measuring seed composition, germination, and vigor. During 2018 and 2019 at Verona, MS the same whole plot with subplot test was used but at this location under rained conditions. Soybean grown under rained conditions is a common practice in that particular region of the state (Northeast) so treatments were designed to be useful to producers in that area.

Les « Purple Acid Phosphatases » (PAPs) sont des phosphatases acides présentes dans le règne végétal et animal. Elles sont caractérisées à la fois par la présence de sept acides aminés conservés impliqués dans la structure d’un centre bimétallique et par leur couleur rose/violète lorsqu’elles se trouvent en solution. Chez les plantes, certaines PAPs présenteraient à la fois une activité phosphatase sur des métabolites (PEP, G6P…) et sur des phospho-peptides (glycosidases…), d’une part, et une activité peroxydase, de l’autre. Ces PAPs pourraient donc, non seulement être impliquées dans le métabolisme carboné, mais aussi dans la détoxication des espèces réactives de l’oxygène. On compte à ce jour 29 gènes codant pour des PAPs chez Arabidopsis thaliana , dont un certain nombre est induit par la carence en Pi et par le stress oxydatif ou la senescence. Parmi eux, le gène de l’AtPAP26 (At5g34850) présente de très fortes homologies de séquence avec des orthologues présents chez d’autres plantes. La protéine AtPAP26, qui présente in vitro une activité phosphatase sur le PEP et le G6P et une activité peroxydase, est sécrétée même si de nombreux indices laissent penser qu’elle pourrait également être localisée dans la vacuole.Notre objectif est d’étudier le rôle d’AtPAP26 dans le métabolisme et le stockage des sucres dans la vacuole. Notre hypothèse de départ est que la protéine AtPAP26 pourrait intervenir via son activité phosphatase dans un cycle de substrat vacuolaire impliquant le glucose-6-phosphate et le glucose. Nous avons montré que chez le mutant pap26, l’activité glucose-6-phosphatase, mesurée in vitro et in organello, chute de manière importante. Parallèlement, chez le mutant gpt2, le transport tonoplastique des hexoses phosphates diminue de façon significative. Des expériences de marquages isotopiques sur du tissu racinaire en culture ont montré qu’une part importante du glucose et du fructose ne provient pas de l’hydrolyse du saccharose et que AtPAP26 est en partie responsable de cette synthèse. Enfin, par une approche in-silico, nous avons modélisé le métabolisme des sucres dans un système compartimenté impliquant la vacuole et ses transporteurs. La confrontation du modèle avec deux jeux de données expérimentales (concentrations à l’état stationnaire et cinétiques de marquage) a permis de confirmer l’existence d’une activité hydrolytique sur les hexoses phosphates vacuolaires. / «Purple Acid Phosphatases» (PAPs) are acid phosphatases found both in animal and vegetal kingdoms. They are characterized by the presence of seven conserved amino acids involved in a di-metal center and by their pink/purple color in solution. In plants, some PAPs exhibit an acid phosphatase activity on various phospho-esters and on phospho-peptides. An alcalin peroxidase activity has been demonstrated in vitro. Therefore, PAPs could be implicated both in the carbon metabolism and in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. To date, 29 different PAP-encoding genes were identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Some of them are induced by phosphate deprivation, oxidative burst or senescence. The gene encoding the protein AtPAP26 (At5g34850) exhibits a high sequence similarity with orthologous from other plants. The AtPAP26 protein, showing both a phosphatase activity on PEP, G6P and F6P, and a peroxidase activity, is one of the most abundant root-secreted acid phosphatases but also appears to be localized in the vacuole. Our aim is to study the implication of AtPAP26 in the metabolism and storage of sugars in the vacuole. Our first hypothesis is that AtPAP26, via its phosphatase activity, could be involved in a glucose / glucose-6-phosphate cycle localized in the vacuole. We showed that the glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the pap26 mutant is highly affected both in vitro and in organello compared to the wild type. At the same time, the hexose phosphate transport capacity of the vacuole is highly affected in the gpt2 mutant compared to the wild-type. Moreover, isotopic labeling experiments performed on cultured root tissues have shown that a significant part of the intracellular glucose and fructose pool does not originate from sucrose and that AtPAP26 is, at least in part, responsible for this synthesis. Finally, we build a kinetic model of sugar metabolism in a compartmented system which has been validated by using two independent experimental data sets (steady state concentrations and kinetics of labeling of soluble sugars). This in silico modeling approach confirmed the involvement of a hexose phosphatase activity localized in the vacuole.

El presente estudio busca determinar la viabilidad comercial, técnica, económica y social sobre la instalación de una planta productora de filtrantes de maíz morado para el mercado limeño, usando las herramientas y los conocimientos aprendidos a lo largo de la carrera. El producto llevará el nombre de “Runakay” y se venderá en cajas de 25 sobres. El mercado objetivo está conformado por el segmento A – B de Lima Metropolitana, de todas las edades y de ambos sexos. De acuerdo al estudio, se proyecta para el año 2020 una cantidad de 876.466 cajas de filtrantes de maíz morado vendidas, a un valor venta a los distribuidores (supermercados) de S/. 3,70 la unidad y al consumidor final de S/. 6,06. / This study seeks to determine the commercial, technical, economic and social viability of installing a filter production plant of purple corn to the Lima market, using the tools and knowledge learned throughout the career. The product will be called "Runakay" and sold in boxes of 25 sachets. The target market consists of the segment A - B of Lima, all ages and both sexes. According to the study, it is planned by 2020 an amount of 876,466 boxes of purple corn filters sold at a sale value to distributors (supermarkets) of S/. 3,70 each unit and S/ .6,06 to the final consumer. / Trabajo de investigación

<p>The Emancipation of Celie: The Color Purple as a womanist Bildungsroman</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to study The Color Purple as a Bildungsroman, focusing on the development of the protagonist, Celie. The Color Purple is related to both the traditional Bildungsroman and to the female Bildungsroman, but the essay shows that it can also be seen as a womanist Bildungsroman. Initially, Celie believes that being a woman inescapably means that she has to serve and obey men and she is oppressed by patriarchy. She is eventually introduced to another way of living by the strong female characters of Sofia and Shug who embrace her in a kind of sisterhood, which is vital for Celie as she has nothing else to help her liberate herself from the patriarchal values that keep her down. In conclusion, this essay shows how Celie has developed from being a young girl, forced to act in an adult way, into a woman who displays signs of all the criteria for having achieved a womanist development: she is grown up (not just acting as though she is), she is in charge of a business, a house and, in short, her life. She is serious, she has a universalist perspective, and most importantly, she loves. Furthermore, the essay highlights which characteristics of her development can be linked to the traditional and the female Bildungsroman and which characteristics can be seen as typical of a womanist Bildungsroman.</p>

Master of Science / Department of Food Science / Weiqun Wang / We previously selected a purple-fleshed sweetpotato p40 clone that has been shown to protect against colorectal cancer in a murine model. This study is to identify anthocyanins by using HPLC/MS-MS and assess the stability during various coking conditions. P40 possesses a high content of anthocyanins up to 13 mg/g dry matter. Total 12 acylated anthocyanins with caffeic, ferulic, and p-hydrobenzoic acid have been identified on either cyanidin or peonidin bases. The top three major anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-caffeoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-(6'' -caffeoyl-6''-feruloylsophoroside)-5-glucoside, which account for an half of the total anthocyanin contents. Seven non-, mono-, or di-acylated cyanidin species and five mono- or di-acylated peonidin species contribute for 69% and 31% of total anthocyanins, respectively. Over 80% of total anthocyanins measured by acid hydrolysis were cyanidin derivatives. Therefore, as a cyanidin-predominated variety, p40 is unique when compared with other reported purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes that usually contain more peonidin than cyanidin. While baking does not impact overall contents of anthocyanins, steaming, high pressure cooking, microwaving, and frying significantly reduce 20% of total anthocyanin contents. Mono-acylated anthocyanins show a higher resistance against heat than di- and non-acylated. Among of which, cyaniding 3-p-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside-5-glucoside exhibits the best thermal stability. Better understanding of dietary anthocyanins and their stabilities may lead to the development of a functional anthocyanin-enriched sweetpotato product for health benefits.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Human Nutrition / Weiqun Wang / Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments that account for the purple color in many plant foods. It has been investigated that anthocyanins’ predominant occurrences in human diet and their health beneficial activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenetic effects. Based on those scientific evidences, anthocyanins are now recognized as potential therapeutic compounds. Particularly, the chemopreventive effect of anthocyanins has been widely studied by many researchers in nutrition. However, their bioactivities are diverse due to different chemical structures of anthocyanins from different sources. In this study, we discuss the chemopreventive activity of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato. Previously, we selected a purple-fleshed sweetpotato clone, P40, crossbred seeds obtained from the International Potato Center in Lima, Peru. We hypothesized that anthocyanins enriched P40 may provide health beneficial activities in cancer prevention. For the first part of this study, we analyzed nutrient compositions, dietary fiber content, anthocyanins contents, total phenolics contents and total antioxidant activity. Even thought P40 presents similar composition and amount of nutrients with the control cultivars, white-fleshed O’Henry and yellow-fleshed NC Japanese, HPLC-MS analysis confirmed that it possesses much higher anthocyanin content even up to 7.5g/kg dry matter. Also, dietary fiber, particularly soluble dietary fiber content, total phenolics content, and total antioxidant capacity of P40 were significantly higher. For the second part of the study, we tested the potential anticancer characteristic of P40 cultivar in human colonic SW480 cancer cells and in azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in mice. Treatment with 0 – 40 μM of peonidin-3-glucoside or P40 extract containing corresponding amount of anthocyanins resulted in inhibition of cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, even though the patterns of growth inhibition were similar in the two treatment groups, the cells treated with P40 extract tend to survive significantly less than those treated with peonidin-3-glucoside. Cell cycle analysis confirmed that the growth inhibition was not due to cytotoxicity, but cytostatic mechanism with increased number at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle arrest was also significantly correlated with the anthocyanin contents in P40 cultivar when compared with the white-fleshed O’Henry and yellow-fleshed NC Japanese controls. After Azoxymethane (AOM) or saline injected mice were fed basal AIN-93M diet or diets containing 10~30% of P40, 20% O’Henry or 20% NC Japanese for 6 weeks, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) multiplicity was significantly inhibited by 10~30% P40 diet. Imunohistochemistry results of colonic mucosa showed that the expression level of apoptosis marker, caspase-3, was significantly induced in the mice treated with 10~20% P40 diet. Also, PCNA expression level, which is proliferation marker, was significantly inhibited by the 30% P40 diet. These findings indicated that consuming a purple sweet potato, P40, may prevent colon cancer by modulating antioxidant status, inducing apoptosis, and reducing cell proliferation.