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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1964. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).

Submitted by Juliana Tregnago (julianatregnago@gmail.com) on 2018-06-25T15:35:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Yasmin Cunha da Silva - Versão Final 1.pdf: 7540224 bytes, checksum: ba864cdba62c39c394321d198ec1b526 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-26T13:15:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Yasmin Cunha da Silva - Versão Final 1.pdf: 7540224 bytes, checksum: ba864cdba62c39c394321d198ec1b526 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-26T13:20:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Yasmin Cunha da Silva - Versão Final 1.pdf: 7540224 bytes, checksum: ba864cdba62c39c394321d198ec1b526 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T13:20:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Yasmin Cunha da Silva - Versão Final 1.pdf: 7540224 bytes, checksum: ba864cdba62c39c394321d198ec1b526 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Amazon region stands out for its immense biodiversity, which is considered as a source for the discovery of new molecules of pharmacological interest. In this field of research, the genus Aniba (Lauraceae) has wide variability and abundance. Aniba species are chemically described with the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, pyrans and lignans. In this context, it is proposed the isolation and identification of the biomarkers of extracts of the species A. panurensis, A. parviflora, A. ferrea and A. roseadora, aiming to develop a method for the rapid characterization of the extracts of species of Aniba (Lauraceae), besides describing its biological activities. To achieve these objectives, ethanolic extracts (branches and leaves) were prepared by maceration, and these were partitioned. By means of classical chromatographic methods (TLC) and by spectrometric techniques (MS), the chemical characterization of hexane and methanolic fractions was carried out. Thus, the major ions of m/z 300, 328 and 330 were detected, which, by comparing the fragmentation data with the literature, correspond to the alkaloids: N-methylcoclaurine, isoboldine, laurotetanine and reticuline; in addition to these ions, the ions of m/z 283, 311 and 863, which may be associated with flavonoids: izalpinine, 3, 5, 7-tri-O-methylgalangine and procyanidin trimer were detected in the negative mode by ESI ionization. The fractionation to obtain the major components was developed by the use of classical chromatographic techniques, such as CC and TLCP, thus resulting in the obtaining of 6 substances, which were elucidated by the union of spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques such as: MS and NMR (1H and 13C uni and bidimensional). Thus, styrylpyrones were identified: 5,6-dehydrokawaine, 4-methoxy-11,12-methylenedioxy-6-trans-styryl-pyran-2-one and rel- (6R, 7S, 8S, 5'S) -4'- methoxy-8- (11,12-dimethoxyphenyl)-7- [6- (4-methoxy-2-pyranyl) -6- (E) -styryl-1'-oxabicyclo [4,2,0] octa-4'-en -2'-one (A. panurensis), the pyridine alkaloid: anibine (A. roseadora) and the kawalactones: tetrahydroyangonine and dihydrometisticina (A. parviflora). Aiming to analyze the antimicrobial potential of extracts, fractions and isolated substances, the antibacterial and antiparasitic tests were carried out. Good results for extracts and fractions of A. panurensis with MICs of 7.8 and 15.62 μg/mL were compared to three grampositive bacteria (Staphylococcus simulans, S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)). In the antiplasmódico test against Plasmodium falciparum, good results were obtained for the ethanolic extracts of A. parviflora and A. panurensis, with a better result of IC50 = 29.03 µg/mL for the leaves extract of A. parviflora; and positive results for two isolated substances, with IC 50 = 36.16 μg/mL for 4-methoxy-11,12-methylenedioxy-6-trans-styryrilpyran-2-one and IC50 = 24.10 μg/mL for rel-(6R, 7S, 8S, 5'S)-4'-methoxy-8-(11,12dimethoxyphenyl)-7-[6-(4-methoxy-2-pyranyl]-6- (E) - styryl-1'-oxabicyclo[4,2,0]octa-4'-en2'-one. The results confirm the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and pyrans in the species of Aniba, in addition to describing a HPTLC method for rapid detection of these isolated standards and reporting the antimicrobial potential of extracts, fractions and isolated substances. / A região Amazônica destaca-se por sua imensa biodiversidade, que é considerada como fonte para descoberta de novas moléculas de interesse farmacológico. Nesse campo de pesquisa, o gênero Aniba (Lauraceae) possui ampla variabilidade e abundância. As espécies de Aniba são descritas quimicamente com a presença de alcaloides, flavonoides, terpenoides, pironas e lignanas. Nesse contexto, propõe-se o isolamento e identificação dos biomarcadores dos extratos das espécies A. panurensis, A. parviflora, A. ferrea e A. roseadora, visando desenvolver um método para rápida caracterização dos extratos de espécies de Aniba (Lauraceae), além de descrever suas atividades biológicas. Para atingir tais objetivos, foram preparados os extratos etanólicos (galhos e folhas) por maceração, e esses foram particionados. Por meio de métodos cromatográficos clássicos (CCD) e por técnicas espectrométricas (EM), realizou-se a caracterização química das frações hexânicas e metanólicas. Dessa forma, foram detectados como principais íons de m/z 300, 328 e 330, que por comparação dos dados de fragmentação com a literatura, são características dos alcaloides: N-metilcoclaurina, isoboldina, laurotetanina e reticulina; além desses íons, foram detectadas no modo negativo por ionização ESI, os íons de m/z 283, 311 e 863, que foram associados aos flavonoides: izalpinina, 3, 5, 7 – tri-O-metilgalangina e a procianidina trimer. O fracionamento para obtenção dos componentes majoritários foi desenvolvido pelo uso de técnicas cromatográficas clássicas, como a CC e a CCDP, assim resultando na obtenção de 6 substâncias, que foram elucidadas pela união de técnicas espectrométricas e espectroscópicas, tais como: EM e RMN (1H e 13C uni e bidimensional). Assim, foram identificadas as estirilpironas: 5,6-dehidrokawaína, 4-metoxi11,12-metilenodioxi-6-trans-estiril-piran-2-ona e rel-(6R, 7S, 8S, 5’S)-4’-metoxi-8-(11, 12dimetoxifenil)-7-[6-(4 metoxi-2-piranil)]-6-(E)-estiril- 1’-oxabiciclo [4,2,0] octa-4’-en-2’-ona (A. panurensis); o alcaloide piridínicos: anibina (A. roseadora) e as kawalactonas: tetrahidroyangonina e dihidrometisticina (A. parviflora). Visando a análise do potencial antimicrobiano dos extratos, frações e das substâncias isoladas, realizou-se os ensaios antibacterianos e antiparasitário. Obtendo bons resultados para os extratos e frações de A. panurensis com CIM de 7,8 e 15,62 µg/mL frente a três bactérias gram-positivas (Staphylococcus simulans, S. aureus e S. aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA)). No teste antiplasmódico frente Plasmodium falciparum, obtiveram-se bons resultados para as extratos etanólicos de A. parviflora e A. panurensis, com melhor resultado de CI50 = 29,03 µg/mL para o extrato das folhas de A. parviflora; e resultados positivos para duas substâncias isoladas, com CI50 = 36,16 µg/mL para 4-metoxi-11,12-metilenodioxi-6-trans-estiril-piran-2-ona e CI50 = 24,10 µg/mL para rel-(6R, 7S, 8S, 5’S)-4’-metoxi-8-(11, 12-dimetoxifenil)-7-[6-(4 metoxi-2piranil)]-6-(E)-estiril- 1’-oxabiciclo [4,2,0] octa-4’-en-2’-ona. Os resultados confirmam a presença de alcaloides, flavonoides e pironas nas espécies de Aniba, além de descrever um método por CCDAE para rapida detecção desses padrões isolados e relatar o potencial antimicrobiano dos extratos, frações e substâncias isoladas.

La thèse intitulée «Design, Synthesis and SupramolecularArchitectures of New Heterocyclic Compounds with PotentialApplications in Material Chemistry and Photovoltaic Conversion” eststructurée en cinq chapitres traitant de nouveaux: a)cyclopenta[c]pyrannes hétérocyclique; b)des propriétés fluorescentes; d) potentiels dispositifs de l'électroniquemoléculaire; d) donneurs moléculaires pour les photovoltaïquesorganiques et e) carbon‘quantum’dots électroluminescents.Le premier chapitre présente une étude des dérivéspseudoazulenique ayant une unité cyclopenta[porte sur leur synthèse, l'analyse structurale et leur comportement dansdes réactions de substitution électrophile pour obtenir des composésayant des propriétés fluorescentes.Le deuxième chapitre présentediastéréoisomères et l'étude de propriétés de fluorescencedérivés d’indenopyrone.Le troisième chapitre décrit la synthèse des nouvellesarchitectures basées sur l’unité cyclopenta[être modifiés structurellement par l'influence d'un stimulus chimiqueou électrochimique afin d'élaborer des potentiels dispositifs del'électronique moléculaire.Dans le quatrième chapitre, la synthèsedes propriétés électroniques des nouvelles molécucellules solaires organiques (OSC) ontLe cinquième et dernier chapitre décrit la passivation desdéfauts de surface des nanoparticules de carbone avec desmolécules organiques ou des polymères pour obtenir desnanoparticules de carbone photoluminescentse surnommé ‘quantum dots. / The thesis entitled “Design, Synthesis and SupramolecularArchitectures of New Heterocyclic Compounds with PotentialApplications in Material Chemistry and Photovoltaic Conversion” isstructured into five chapters concerning new: a) heterocycliccyclopenta[c]pyrans; b) indenopyrone derivatives with fluorescentproperties; c) potential devices of molecular electronics; d)donors for organic photovoltaics and e) electroluminescent carbon‘quantum’ dots.The first chapter presents a study of pseudoazulenederivatives having a cyclopenta[c]pyran unit. The survey comprises thesynthesis, structural analysis and reactivity towards electrophilicsubstitution in order to obtain fluorescent compounds.The second chapter deals with the separation odiastereoisomers and the study of fluorescent propertiesindenopyrone derivatives.The third chapter describes the synthesis of newarchitectures based on cyclopenta[c]pyran unit that can be structurallymodified by the influence of a chemical or electrochemical stimulus inorder to work as potential devices in molecular electronics.In the fourth chapter, the synthesis andelectronic properties of new molecular donors for organic solar cellswas described.The fifth and last chapter outlines the passivation of surfacedefects on carbon nanoparticles using small organic molecules orpolymers in order to obtain photoluminescent carbon nanoparticlesdubbed as carbon‘quantum’dots.

The thesis entitled ‘Studies of NIS Mediated Cyclopropane Ring Opening Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry’ is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1: Section 1: Efficient Synthesis of Fused Perhydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrans (and furans) by Ring Opening of 1,2-Cyclopropanated Sugar Derivatives. In this section a general and efficient methodology for the synthesis of carbohydrate derived perhydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrans (and furans) from the corresponding 1,2-cyclopropane carboxylates has been discussed. A wide range of linear-fused perhydrofuro[2,3-b]pyran or furan ring systems are encountered in a number of biologically active natural products. A few approaches are available for the construction of this kind of fused motifs which involve harsh reaction conditions and lengthy reaction sequence. The methodology utilizes the potential ability of cyclopropanated sugars to undergo N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) mediated electrophilic ring opening assisted by the pyran ring oxygen followed by intramolecular trapping of oxonium intermediate to generate the furan ring system. Cyclopropantion of tribenzyl glucal using methyl diazoacetate and catalytic amount of dirhodiumtetracetate furnished corresponding exo-1,2-cyclopropane carboxylate exclusively. To generate a nucleophile, cyclopropane carboxylate ester was reduced to the corresponding alcohol which upon treatment with NIS in CH3CN underwent ring opening followed by intramolecular ring closure to give the corresponding perhydro[2,3-b]furopyran along with an oxidized product. After various modifications we found that using CH2Cl2 as a solvent gave the expected perhydrofuropyran as the sole product in good yield (Scheme I). The stereochemistry of the product was established on the basis of 1H-1H NOESY experiment. There are many natural products that contain the perhydrofuro[2,3-b]furyl glycal core such as clerodin, jodrelline B and caryoptin, which show insect anti-feedant properties. With this in mind, the methodology has been successfully extended to the cyclopropanated tetrahydrofuran derivatives resulting in the synthesis of furofuryl glycal moiety (Scheme II). Scheme II Chapter 1: Section 2: Synthesis of Carbohydrate Derived Fused Perhydrofuro/pyrano[2,3-b]-γ-butyrolactones. In this section a general and efficient methodology for the synthesis of carbohydrate derived perhydrofuro/pyrano[2,3-b]-γ-butyrolactones has been discussed. The fusion of the γ-butyrolactone onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran/pyran ring makes a distinctive class natural diterpenoids. Representative members of this family include the marine diterpenoids norrisilide and miniolutelide A. In this chapter we describe a neutral and general method for the construction of perhydrofuro/pyrano[2,3-b]-γ-butyrolactones by NIS mediated ring opening of carbohydrate derived 1,2-cyclopropane carboxylic acids (Scheme III). Scheme III The present strategy is complementary to the existing methods and it is useful since it incorporates an additional chiral center in the molecule under milder conditions, which can be used for further transformations. Chapter 2: Ring Opening of Activated Cyclopropanes with NIS/NaN3: One-pot Synthesis of C-1 Linked Pseudo Disaccharides. Ring opening reactions of activated cyclopropanes have been widely used in organic synthesis. But they are restricted to only selected nucleophiles such as alcohol/ water, as most of the ring opening reactions need acidic activation. This chapter deals with studies of reactivity of various activated cyclopropanes with NIS as a neutral activator and sodium azide as a source of nitrogen nucleophile (Scheme IV). Scheme IV We have clearly demonstrated not only the importance of the donor-acceptor feature in the cyclopropanes in the electrophilic ring opening reaction, but also the selectivity in its functionality. Scheme V This methodology has been successfully utilized in a one-pot synthesis of C-1 linked pseudo-disaccharides from carbohydrate derived 1,2-cyclopropane carboxylates (Scheme V). Chapter 3: Synthesis of Unnatural C-2 Amino Acid Nucleosides Using NIS Mediated Ring Opening of 1,2-Cyclopropane Carboxylated Sugar Derivatives. In this chapter, we have efficiently demonstrated the utility of NIS mediated regioselective ring opening of carbohydrate derived donor-acceptor cyclopropanes for the synthesis of C-2 amino acid nucleosides. This leads to a new class of analogs of peptidyl nucleosides (Scheme VI). Scheme VI One of the advantageous factors is the attachment of nucleobase as well as generation of amino acid precursor in the same reaction which avoids lengthy reaction sequence. We have also shown the synthetic utility of our methodology to pyrimidine based furanosyl C-2 amino acid nucleosides which are of interest, since polyoxins having similar structural core exhibit antifungal activity (Scheme VII). Chapter 4: Attempts Towards the Synthesis of Carbohydrate Derived Spiro-perhydrofuropyrans Using NIS Mediated Cyclopropane Ring Opening Reaction. In this chapter we present various attempts to synthesize spiro-perhydrofuropyran/furans by ring opening of spiro-cylopropane derivatives and attempts towards stereoselective synthesis of spiro-cyclopropane carboxylates. Spiroacetal can be synthesized from the corresponding exo-cyclopropyl methanol, which can be obtained from the corresponding exo- cyclopropane carboxylate. The cyclopropyl carboxylate can be obtained from an exo- vinyl ether. Cyclopropanation of carbohydrate derived exo-glycal failed to give any selectivity under a variety of reaction conditions (Scheme VIII). Carbohydrate derived C1-unsaturated ester on cyclopropanation reaction using standard conditions (Pd(OAc)2/CH2N2) was found to be inert. The reaction under Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation conditions also gave similar results. Reduction of the ester part of the molecule to the corresponding alcohol was found to be helpful in the Simmon-Smith cyclopropanation reaction (CH2I2, Et2Zn) to obtain the corresponding exo-cyclopropane, but disappointingly without any selectivity (Scheme IX). In order to get exo-cyclopropane carboxylate with high stereoselectivity, we decided to use one of the hydroxyl group present in the molecule, as a chiral auxiliary. All the established methods for the diazoester formation failed to attach diazo ester at C-4 position (Scheme X). Scheme X (For structural formula pl see the pdf file)