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Μελέτη παροχής υπηρεσιών σε ενοποιημένα L2 και MPLS δίκτυαΠουλόπουλος, Λεωνίδας 07 April 2011 (has links)
Στην εργασία παρουσιάζεται η μελέτη, η πιστοποίηση και η εφαρμογή των μηχανισμών εκείνων που οδηγούν στην παροχή end-to-end QoS σε ενοποιημένα L2 και MPLS δίκτυα. / In a real IP network such as the Internet, the basic type of service offered is the
best effort one. In the best effort service all packets are treated equally and there
are no guarantees, variations or attempt to enforce justice. However, the
network seeks to promote as much traffic as possible with “reasonable” quality.
Network congestion is a frequent phenomenon that is introduced when a
network device stores packets at the output queue as it receives more packets
from those that it can transmit. During congestion packets suffer from delay and
once the output queue becomes full, these packets are dropped.
However, there are applications that require certain guarantees (especially
regarding delay and packet drops) such as real-time data transmission
applications (e.g. IP telephony, voice over IP) and videoconference. Quality
guarantees for these applications can be ensured if they can cross empty or nearempty network queues. This can only be achieved through mechanisms that can
ensure the capacity and availability of the network queues.
A means to provide quality guarantees to certain types of traffic is the special
management of certain packets compared to the other. At this point the term
Quality of Service (QoS) is introduced. A definition for QoS is: "the ability of a
network element to provide a level of guarantee to a subset of traffic that ensures
that the requirements of the service can be achieved with a defined (high)
probability". In reality, the mechanisms of QoS do not provide larger network
capacity or something similar, but they rather provide better network
management so that it can be used more effectively and it can meet and address
the requirements of the applications.
In recent years, efforts have focused on providing quality of service at the
network layer (Layer 3) so that it can be also applied on the Internet. Using
architectures such as IntServ and DiffServ it is now possible to provide quality
service at the network layer. However, the requirement for end-to-end QoS along
with the expansion of networks towards switching equipment, creates the need
for the application of QoS in the next lower layer, that is the data link layer
(Layer 2). Hence, it should be borne in mind that the interoperability between
the network and data link layers will lead to the provision of a single, transparent
level of QoS.
Based on the above, it becomes clear that in order to achieve end-to-end QoS,
apart from the need for extension of the QoS to the data link layer there is also
the need and requirement of interoperability with existing implementations in the network layer. In this direction, this dissertation focuses on studying the
application of QoS to the data link layer. Furthermore, given the provision of
quality of service to the IP layer, this dissertation considers the integration of
QoS provision at Layer 2 and Layer 3. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation
is twofold: a) QoS provision over Layer2-Ethernet networks and b) QoS
provision over Layer 2 VPNs.
For the implementation of Layer 2 QoS over Ethernet networks the IEEE 802.1p
standard has been proposed. This standard has 3 bits length and is part of Tag
Control Information field. During this dissertation performance tests were
carried out on switches sorting traffic under CoS, which results in 8 different
classes of traffic. Furthermore, queue configuration techniques on switches have
been studied along with the cases of per port/per 802 .1q priorities and traffic
classification.
For the implementation of L2 QoS over VPNs there are techniques that are
strongly related to the VPN type. This dissertation presents cases that L2 MPLS
VPNs are used for the provisioning of either point-to-point (EoMPLS) or point-tomultipoint (VPLS) VPNs. In addition, research has been carried out for the
extension of QoS provision over L2 MPLS VPNs to end-points that is purely L2
domain. The analysis at L2 domain was realized with the IEEE 802.1 p standard.
Furthermore, the ability to provide QoS over multipoint L2 VPNs has been
studied. Initially, the focus was on L3 devices (routers) and it was then extended
to L2 using IEEE 802.1 p. Thus, the overall implementation was based on the
combined use of 802.1p, DSCP and MPLS EXP.
In addition, this dissertation presents methods, techniques and configurations of
switches and routers that allow for the expansion of QoS from the network layer
at a lower layer, thereby providing a consistent QoS level both at Layer 3 and
Layer 2.
Finally, the automated delivery/provision of these services in a real production
network, GRNET, is presented. More specifically, the modeling of L2 QoS-enabled
switches is described along with the automated configuration production for
providing integrated QoS and issues related to the discovery, mapping and
monitoring of QoS in switches using the SNMP protocol. The effectiveness of
Layer 2 QoS mechanisms was tested and reinforced with experiments, which
were conducted small scale at first in the lab and in the department of the
University and then moved on to large scale at the production network of
GRNET. The experiments showed that regardless of the expansion of a network
towards Layer 2 devices, it is feasible to provide a unified QoS framework.
All the above resulted in the provisioning of end-to-end QoS services at GRNET’s
network.
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Privacy Preserving Service Discovery and Ranking For Multiple User QoS Requirements in Service-Based Software SystemsJanuary 2011 (has links)
abstract: Service based software (SBS) systems are software systems consisting of services based on the service oriented architecture (SOA). Each service in SBS systems provides partial functionalities and collaborates with other services as workflows to provide the functionalities required by the systems. These services may be developed and/or owned by different entities and physically distributed across the Internet. Compared with traditional software system components which are usually specifically designed for the target systems and bound tightly, the interfaces of services and their communication protocols are standardized, which allow SBS systems to support late binding, provide better interoperability, better flexibility in dynamic business logics, and higher fault tolerance. The development process of SBS systems can be divided to three major phases: 1) SBS specification, 2) service discovery and matching, and 3) service composition and workflow execution. This dissertation focuses on the second phase, and presents a privacy preserving service discovery and ranking approach for multiple user QoS requirements. This approach helps service providers to register services and service users to search services through public, but untrusted service directories with the protection of their privacy against the service directories. The service directories can match the registered services with service requests, but do not learn any information about them. Our approach also enforces access control on services during the matching process, which prevents unauthorized users from discovering services. After the service directories match a set of services that satisfy the service users' functionality requirements, the service discovery approach presented in this dissertation further considers service users' QoS requirements in two steps. First, this approach optimizes services' QoS by making tradeoff among various QoS aspects with users' QoS requirements and preferences. Second, this approach ranks services based on how well they satisfy users' QoS requirements to help service users select the most suitable service to develop their SBSs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Computer Science 2011
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Investigation of Multi-dimensional QoE Models with the Impact of Resolution Vs Stalls for Video StreamingNuka, Sravya January 2018 (has links)
In the revolutionary world of Telecommunications industry, costumer’s satisfaction with the product plays a pivotal role. The QoE is affected by the quality of service of a network provided by the service providers. Generic relationship between Quality of Experience and Quality of Service aids to the evolution of smarter ways of regulating the network performance. Accordingly, several studies have engrossed on classifying the relationships between QoE and QoS, seldom noticing the exponential and logarithmic relationships. Correspondingly, investigating the influence of diverse parameters such as stalls, delays, losses on QoE and analyzing whether the additive model or multiplicative model fits the best. In this work, the aim is to investigate the relationships between multi-dimensional QoE space and multi-dimensional QoS parameters. In order to build the subtlety in the sector of multi-dimensional QoE models for multi factor QoS parameters, this study has been conducted.Since the demand for high quality videos is rising tremendously, it has been a necessity for the service and network providers to ensure the best service. In this study a statistical analysis was performed based on quality assessment method. The videos were streamed using the VLC Player and the user’s reactions were logged. A questionnaire was prepared with questions regarding quality and disturbances observed Figure 14. A total of 15 users participated in the study. The data collected in the study was analyzed using averages, correlations and regression analysis. Comparisons were made between the additive modelling approach and multiplicative modelling approach by linear regression. In conclusion, proposing that the multiplicative model is the best fit for resolutions vs stalls w.r.t mean opinion score (MOS).
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Management výkonnosti a optimalizace VoIP technologie / VoIP Performance Management and OptimizationHolubovský, Petr January 2016 (has links)
The diploma thesis focuses on the VoIP technology optimization and performance management. The diploma thesis presents the theoretical basis of IP telephony and measurement of its quality. The thesis primarily deals with practical measurements of VoIP calls quality. Asterisk softswitch, various types of IP phones and simulated degradation of signal using Linux software router are used for measurements. Procedural diagram of VoIP technology real deployment is designed based on these measurements.
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Uma proposta para gerenciamento de QoS em redes IEEE802.16 / A proposal for QoS management in IEEE802.16 networksArgenton, Alexandre Bortolin January 2008 (has links)
O padrão IEEE802.16 define uma tecnologia para acesso sem fio em banda larga que deve tornar-se bastante popular nos próximos anos. A tecnologia pode resolver o problema de comunicação em áreas de difícil penetração e prover conectividade com Qualidade de Serviço (QoS), mais agilidade e menor custo em muitas outras situações. Não basta, entretanto, a tecnologia de rede oferecer recursos para Qualidade de Serviço. É necessário que se possa gerenciá-los de maneira simples e eficaz. Sem um estudo que permita desenvolver sistemas de gerenciamento adequados para uma dada tecnologia, o gerenciamento acaba ocorrendo através de ferramentas rudimentares. Este trabalho propõe e avalia uma forma de gerenciar QoS em redes IEEE802.16. Através do estudo destas redes e de modelos de gerenciamento existentes, foram levantados requisitos relevantes ao gerenciamento deste tipo de rede, e foi proposto o gerenciamento baseado em políticas como possível solução. A solução proposta engloba recomendações quanto ao que se deveria poder expressar através das políticas, uma reflexão sobre o mapeamento destas políticas na rede e a escolha da arquitetura de gerenciamento baseado em políticas do IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) para implementação. Questões práticas, como o uso do processo de ranging para disparar a configuração das políticas, são abordadas e tratadas no momento em que a arquitetura é apresentada, viabilizando a implementação da solução. Tendo em vista a escolha do protocolo SNMP para a configuração dos dispositivos, uma MIB de gerenciamento foi proposta para viabilizar o acesso aos parâmetros de configuração necessários. A MIB foi construída sobre outra MIB já existente, adicionando-lhe os objetos e capacidades faltantes. A forma de operação da MIB é apresentada com maiores detalhes para facilitar o entendimento. Visando validar a solução proposta, o sistema de gerenciamento baseado em políticas QAME foi estendido para permitir o gerenciamento de redes IEEE802.16 dentro da abordagem proposta. A extensão incluiu a implementação de um novo PDP, específico para redes IEEE802.16. Através da emulação de uma rede IEEE802.16 e do uso do sistema de gerenciamento QAME adaptado, a solução proposta foi avaliada. Pôde-se obter conclusões quanto ao uso de gerenciamento baseado em políticas no gerenciamento de QoS de redes IEEE802.16 e também quanto aos limites de aplicabilidade da arquitetura de gerenciamento proposta. / The IEEE802.16 standard defines a broadband wireless access technology that should become very popular in the next years. The technology may solve the communication problem in hard access areas and provide connectivity with Quality of Service (QoS), greater agility and lower costs in many other situations. Offering QoS capabilities is not sufficient to a given network technology. A simple and effective way to manage its capabilities is also required. Without a study that allows the development of adequate management systems, only rudimentary tools will be used for the management task. This work proposes and evaluates a way to manage QoS on IEEE802.16 networks. By studying IEEE802.16 networks and existing management models, the relevant requirements to manage this kind of network have been gathered and the Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM) model has been proposed as a possible solution. The proposed solution includes recommendations on what should be possible to express with policies, a thought on how to map the policies on the network, and the choice of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) PBNM architecture. Some practical matters, such as the use of the ranging process to trigger the policy configuration, are considered when the architecture is presented. Since SNMP has been chosen to configure the devices, a MIB has been proposed to allow access to the required configuration parameters. The MIB has been constructed over a previously existing one by adding the lacking objects and capabilities. The MIB operation is also presented in more details. In order to validate the proposed solution, the QAME PBNM system has been extended to allow IEEE802.16 network management. The extension included a new PDP, developed specifically to manage IEEE802.16 networks. By means of an emulated IEEE802.16 network and the use of the adapted QAME management system, the proposed solution has been evaluated. Conclusions have been taken on the use of PBNM to manage QoS for IEEE802.16 networks and on the applicability limits of the proposed architecture.
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Estratégias de escalonamento OFDMA DL para redes móveisNogueira, Matheus Cadori January 2016 (has links)
A grande popularidade dos dispositivos móveis que provêm acesso ubíquo à Internet de banda larga, através de redes de rádio, e o volume de tráfego gerado por estes dispositivos estão aumentando a cada ano. Além disso, vem ampliando consideravelmente a frequência com que usuários de dispositivos móveis estão usando serviços baseados na Web. Alguns destes usuários podem estar acessando serviços que precisam de transmissão contínua como, por exemplo, vídeos interativos, outros podem estar apenas lendo e-mails, o que não exige um fluxo contínuo de dados. Mais do que isso, usuários com altos níveis de sinal podem atingir melhores taxas de transferência do que os com níveis menores. Portanto, encontrar a melhor relação entre os usuários que estão acessando serviços sensíveis ao atraso e aqueles que maximizam a taxa de transferência, e ainda ser justo na transmissão, é um relevante desafio para o escalonamento dos recursos de uma rede sem fio. Embora as pesquisas de escalonamento de recursos em redes sem fio tenham evoluído neste sentido, o recente aumento do volume de tráfego mencionado pode levar a uma sobrecarga no sistema, comprometendo o escalonamento. A fim de enfrentar estes desafios, o Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), tecnologia fundamental para o acesso múltiplo em redes de quarta geração, tem sido considerado também para ser utilizado na próxima geração de rádios móveis. Para implementar um serviço efetivo aos usuários, requisitos, tais como, altas taxas de transferência, tolerância baixa ao atraso, minimização da perda de pacotes e maximização da justiça no escalonamento, devem somar-se à característica, de alta densidade de usuários, que surgiu após o advento da popularização dos dispositivos móveis. Portanto, novas estratégias de escalonamento devem ser idealizadas. Nesta dissertação, deu-se um passo além na proposição de um escalonador para as redes móveis de próxima geração, que busca melhorar a relação entre taxa de transferência e atraso, consequentemente, levando a maiores índices de justiça no escalonamento resultante. O escalonador foi especialmente desenvolvido para lidar com altas densidades de usuários, inerentes às redes modernas, e as redes LTE foram utilizadas como caso de estudo. Desta forma, um novo escalonador ótimo que considera provisão dos requisitos acima mencionados, é modelado. Além disso, uma nova heurística parametrizável, baseada na qualidade do canal do usuário, no atraso permitido por cada serviço e na justiça do escalonamento é proposta, a fim de lidar com cenários sobrecarregados. Resultados demonstram que a abordagem de escalonamento proposta leva a uma taxa de transferência apenas 7,5% menor que os valores ótimos, com 25% a menos de perda de pacotes em cenários sobrecarregados. O modelo também garante que o escalonamento resultante seja pelo menos 0,91 na escala do índice de justiça de Jain. Finalmente, os resultados mostram uma melhor relação entre a eficiência espectral e as métricas de QoS. / The huge popularity of mobile devices that provides a ubiquitous Internet broadband access via radio networks and the volume of traffic generated by these devices in the base stations are increasing every year. Furthermore, the frequency which, mobile users are using web-based services, is increasing, requiring high transfer rates such as transmission of interactive videos. These factors have become the main challenges for the scheduling of radio resources. In order to meet these challenges, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), a key technology for multiple access in fourth generation networks, has also been considered for use in next-generation mobile radios. To implement an effective service to users, requirements such as high transfer rates, lower delay tolerance, minimum packet loss and maximum scheduling fairness, should be added to the requirements that emerged after the advent of the popularity of mobile devices. Therefore, new scheduling strategies should be projected. Despite efforts to solve the downlink (DL) scheduling problem on wireless networks, we are not aware of previous attempts that have addressed the above requirements in a single strategy. In this thesis, we took a step further in this direction and still considering the high densities in small cells inherent in modern networks. In additional, we address the radio DL resource scheduling problem for multiple users using LTE networks as a case study. A new optimal scheduler is modeled regarding Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. In addition, a parameterized heuristic based on user channel quality and service delay is proposed to reach scheduling solutions for overbooked scenarios. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling approaches led to a throughput of 7.5% lower than the optimal ones and 25% lower packet losses in overloaded scenarios. Our model also ensures that the resultant scheduling is at least as fair as 0.91 in Jain fairness index. Additionally, the obtained results show a reasonable trade-off between spectral efficiency and QoS metrics.
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A New QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc NetworkNikolaev, Ruslan 01 January 2009 (has links)
Ad-hoc on-demand networks have received a significant interest in the literature. Many routing schemes for such networks focus on finding the optimal path. In this work, however, we consider the routing problem from the viewpoint of sustaining QoS (quality of service) requirement. Some algorithms such as MP-DSR already have considered this problem in terms of the end-to-end reliability requirement. While the MP-DSR algorithm is capable of resolving the issue to a certain extent, it only considers disjoint paths between a pair of source and destination nodes. In reality due to mobility of nodes there may not exist such disjoint paths. In this work the proposed approach is independent of the nature of the paths, and yet it achieves the required reliability to satisfy QoS requirement.
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Uma proposta para gerenciamento de QoS em redes IEEE802.16 / A proposal for QoS management in IEEE802.16 networksArgenton, Alexandre Bortolin January 2008 (has links)
O padrão IEEE802.16 define uma tecnologia para acesso sem fio em banda larga que deve tornar-se bastante popular nos próximos anos. A tecnologia pode resolver o problema de comunicação em áreas de difícil penetração e prover conectividade com Qualidade de Serviço (QoS), mais agilidade e menor custo em muitas outras situações. Não basta, entretanto, a tecnologia de rede oferecer recursos para Qualidade de Serviço. É necessário que se possa gerenciá-los de maneira simples e eficaz. Sem um estudo que permita desenvolver sistemas de gerenciamento adequados para uma dada tecnologia, o gerenciamento acaba ocorrendo através de ferramentas rudimentares. Este trabalho propõe e avalia uma forma de gerenciar QoS em redes IEEE802.16. Através do estudo destas redes e de modelos de gerenciamento existentes, foram levantados requisitos relevantes ao gerenciamento deste tipo de rede, e foi proposto o gerenciamento baseado em políticas como possível solução. A solução proposta engloba recomendações quanto ao que se deveria poder expressar através das políticas, uma reflexão sobre o mapeamento destas políticas na rede e a escolha da arquitetura de gerenciamento baseado em políticas do IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) para implementação. Questões práticas, como o uso do processo de ranging para disparar a configuração das políticas, são abordadas e tratadas no momento em que a arquitetura é apresentada, viabilizando a implementação da solução. Tendo em vista a escolha do protocolo SNMP para a configuração dos dispositivos, uma MIB de gerenciamento foi proposta para viabilizar o acesso aos parâmetros de configuração necessários. A MIB foi construída sobre outra MIB já existente, adicionando-lhe os objetos e capacidades faltantes. A forma de operação da MIB é apresentada com maiores detalhes para facilitar o entendimento. Visando validar a solução proposta, o sistema de gerenciamento baseado em políticas QAME foi estendido para permitir o gerenciamento de redes IEEE802.16 dentro da abordagem proposta. A extensão incluiu a implementação de um novo PDP, específico para redes IEEE802.16. Através da emulação de uma rede IEEE802.16 e do uso do sistema de gerenciamento QAME adaptado, a solução proposta foi avaliada. Pôde-se obter conclusões quanto ao uso de gerenciamento baseado em políticas no gerenciamento de QoS de redes IEEE802.16 e também quanto aos limites de aplicabilidade da arquitetura de gerenciamento proposta. / The IEEE802.16 standard defines a broadband wireless access technology that should become very popular in the next years. The technology may solve the communication problem in hard access areas and provide connectivity with Quality of Service (QoS), greater agility and lower costs in many other situations. Offering QoS capabilities is not sufficient to a given network technology. A simple and effective way to manage its capabilities is also required. Without a study that allows the development of adequate management systems, only rudimentary tools will be used for the management task. This work proposes and evaluates a way to manage QoS on IEEE802.16 networks. By studying IEEE802.16 networks and existing management models, the relevant requirements to manage this kind of network have been gathered and the Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM) model has been proposed as a possible solution. The proposed solution includes recommendations on what should be possible to express with policies, a thought on how to map the policies on the network, and the choice of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) PBNM architecture. Some practical matters, such as the use of the ranging process to trigger the policy configuration, are considered when the architecture is presented. Since SNMP has been chosen to configure the devices, a MIB has been proposed to allow access to the required configuration parameters. The MIB has been constructed over a previously existing one by adding the lacking objects and capabilities. The MIB operation is also presented in more details. In order to validate the proposed solution, the QAME PBNM system has been extended to allow IEEE802.16 network management. The extension included a new PDP, developed specifically to manage IEEE802.16 networks. By means of an emulated IEEE802.16 network and the use of the adapted QAME management system, the proposed solution has been evaluated. Conclusions have been taken on the use of PBNM to manage QoS for IEEE802.16 networks and on the applicability limits of the proposed architecture.
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Estratégias de escalonamento OFDMA DL para redes móveisNogueira, Matheus Cadori January 2016 (has links)
A grande popularidade dos dispositivos móveis que provêm acesso ubíquo à Internet de banda larga, através de redes de rádio, e o volume de tráfego gerado por estes dispositivos estão aumentando a cada ano. Além disso, vem ampliando consideravelmente a frequência com que usuários de dispositivos móveis estão usando serviços baseados na Web. Alguns destes usuários podem estar acessando serviços que precisam de transmissão contínua como, por exemplo, vídeos interativos, outros podem estar apenas lendo e-mails, o que não exige um fluxo contínuo de dados. Mais do que isso, usuários com altos níveis de sinal podem atingir melhores taxas de transferência do que os com níveis menores. Portanto, encontrar a melhor relação entre os usuários que estão acessando serviços sensíveis ao atraso e aqueles que maximizam a taxa de transferência, e ainda ser justo na transmissão, é um relevante desafio para o escalonamento dos recursos de uma rede sem fio. Embora as pesquisas de escalonamento de recursos em redes sem fio tenham evoluído neste sentido, o recente aumento do volume de tráfego mencionado pode levar a uma sobrecarga no sistema, comprometendo o escalonamento. A fim de enfrentar estes desafios, o Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), tecnologia fundamental para o acesso múltiplo em redes de quarta geração, tem sido considerado também para ser utilizado na próxima geração de rádios móveis. Para implementar um serviço efetivo aos usuários, requisitos, tais como, altas taxas de transferência, tolerância baixa ao atraso, minimização da perda de pacotes e maximização da justiça no escalonamento, devem somar-se à característica, de alta densidade de usuários, que surgiu após o advento da popularização dos dispositivos móveis. Portanto, novas estratégias de escalonamento devem ser idealizadas. Nesta dissertação, deu-se um passo além na proposição de um escalonador para as redes móveis de próxima geração, que busca melhorar a relação entre taxa de transferência e atraso, consequentemente, levando a maiores índices de justiça no escalonamento resultante. O escalonador foi especialmente desenvolvido para lidar com altas densidades de usuários, inerentes às redes modernas, e as redes LTE foram utilizadas como caso de estudo. Desta forma, um novo escalonador ótimo que considera provisão dos requisitos acima mencionados, é modelado. Além disso, uma nova heurística parametrizável, baseada na qualidade do canal do usuário, no atraso permitido por cada serviço e na justiça do escalonamento é proposta, a fim de lidar com cenários sobrecarregados. Resultados demonstram que a abordagem de escalonamento proposta leva a uma taxa de transferência apenas 7,5% menor que os valores ótimos, com 25% a menos de perda de pacotes em cenários sobrecarregados. O modelo também garante que o escalonamento resultante seja pelo menos 0,91 na escala do índice de justiça de Jain. Finalmente, os resultados mostram uma melhor relação entre a eficiência espectral e as métricas de QoS. / The huge popularity of mobile devices that provides a ubiquitous Internet broadband access via radio networks and the volume of traffic generated by these devices in the base stations are increasing every year. Furthermore, the frequency which, mobile users are using web-based services, is increasing, requiring high transfer rates such as transmission of interactive videos. These factors have become the main challenges for the scheduling of radio resources. In order to meet these challenges, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), a key technology for multiple access in fourth generation networks, has also been considered for use in next-generation mobile radios. To implement an effective service to users, requirements such as high transfer rates, lower delay tolerance, minimum packet loss and maximum scheduling fairness, should be added to the requirements that emerged after the advent of the popularity of mobile devices. Therefore, new scheduling strategies should be projected. Despite efforts to solve the downlink (DL) scheduling problem on wireless networks, we are not aware of previous attempts that have addressed the above requirements in a single strategy. In this thesis, we took a step further in this direction and still considering the high densities in small cells inherent in modern networks. In additional, we address the radio DL resource scheduling problem for multiple users using LTE networks as a case study. A new optimal scheduler is modeled regarding Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. In addition, a parameterized heuristic based on user channel quality and service delay is proposed to reach scheduling solutions for overbooked scenarios. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling approaches led to a throughput of 7.5% lower than the optimal ones and 25% lower packet losses in overloaded scenarios. Our model also ensures that the resultant scheduling is at least as fair as 0.91 in Jain fairness index. Additionally, the obtained results show a reasonable trade-off between spectral efficiency and QoS metrics.
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Uma proposta para gerenciamento de QoS em redes IEEE802.16 / A proposal for QoS management in IEEE802.16 networksArgenton, Alexandre Bortolin January 2008 (has links)
O padrão IEEE802.16 define uma tecnologia para acesso sem fio em banda larga que deve tornar-se bastante popular nos próximos anos. A tecnologia pode resolver o problema de comunicação em áreas de difícil penetração e prover conectividade com Qualidade de Serviço (QoS), mais agilidade e menor custo em muitas outras situações. Não basta, entretanto, a tecnologia de rede oferecer recursos para Qualidade de Serviço. É necessário que se possa gerenciá-los de maneira simples e eficaz. Sem um estudo que permita desenvolver sistemas de gerenciamento adequados para uma dada tecnologia, o gerenciamento acaba ocorrendo através de ferramentas rudimentares. Este trabalho propõe e avalia uma forma de gerenciar QoS em redes IEEE802.16. Através do estudo destas redes e de modelos de gerenciamento existentes, foram levantados requisitos relevantes ao gerenciamento deste tipo de rede, e foi proposto o gerenciamento baseado em políticas como possível solução. A solução proposta engloba recomendações quanto ao que se deveria poder expressar através das políticas, uma reflexão sobre o mapeamento destas políticas na rede e a escolha da arquitetura de gerenciamento baseado em políticas do IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) para implementação. Questões práticas, como o uso do processo de ranging para disparar a configuração das políticas, são abordadas e tratadas no momento em que a arquitetura é apresentada, viabilizando a implementação da solução. Tendo em vista a escolha do protocolo SNMP para a configuração dos dispositivos, uma MIB de gerenciamento foi proposta para viabilizar o acesso aos parâmetros de configuração necessários. A MIB foi construída sobre outra MIB já existente, adicionando-lhe os objetos e capacidades faltantes. A forma de operação da MIB é apresentada com maiores detalhes para facilitar o entendimento. Visando validar a solução proposta, o sistema de gerenciamento baseado em políticas QAME foi estendido para permitir o gerenciamento de redes IEEE802.16 dentro da abordagem proposta. A extensão incluiu a implementação de um novo PDP, específico para redes IEEE802.16. Através da emulação de uma rede IEEE802.16 e do uso do sistema de gerenciamento QAME adaptado, a solução proposta foi avaliada. Pôde-se obter conclusões quanto ao uso de gerenciamento baseado em políticas no gerenciamento de QoS de redes IEEE802.16 e também quanto aos limites de aplicabilidade da arquitetura de gerenciamento proposta. / The IEEE802.16 standard defines a broadband wireless access technology that should become very popular in the next years. The technology may solve the communication problem in hard access areas and provide connectivity with Quality of Service (QoS), greater agility and lower costs in many other situations. Offering QoS capabilities is not sufficient to a given network technology. A simple and effective way to manage its capabilities is also required. Without a study that allows the development of adequate management systems, only rudimentary tools will be used for the management task. This work proposes and evaluates a way to manage QoS on IEEE802.16 networks. By studying IEEE802.16 networks and existing management models, the relevant requirements to manage this kind of network have been gathered and the Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM) model has been proposed as a possible solution. The proposed solution includes recommendations on what should be possible to express with policies, a thought on how to map the policies on the network, and the choice of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) PBNM architecture. Some practical matters, such as the use of the ranging process to trigger the policy configuration, are considered when the architecture is presented. Since SNMP has been chosen to configure the devices, a MIB has been proposed to allow access to the required configuration parameters. The MIB has been constructed over a previously existing one by adding the lacking objects and capabilities. The MIB operation is also presented in more details. In order to validate the proposed solution, the QAME PBNM system has been extended to allow IEEE802.16 network management. The extension included a new PDP, developed specifically to manage IEEE802.16 networks. By means of an emulated IEEE802.16 network and the use of the adapted QAME management system, the proposed solution has been evaluated. Conclusions have been taken on the use of PBNM to manage QoS for IEEE802.16 networks and on the applicability limits of the proposed architecture.
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