As Ethernet based networks have become the dominant choice for Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI) network applications, it is also clear that Ethernet based camera integration and applications have yet to become more wide spread for system level design and integration. A significant customer base utilizes either separate video compression systems or even just stand-a-lone gopro cameras for recording purposes in an unsynchronized ways. The use of uncompressed high definition (HD) video from GigE Vision Ethernet cameras for flight test applications is a significant issue in managing the large volumes of data produced by the cameras and forwarding them to any 1000BASE-T(x) switch port without packet loss and significant delays. Of course an easy approach to overcome this issue would be to just increase the network bandwidth from 1000BASE-T(x) to 10GBASE-SR, but most FTI systems just moved to 1000BASE-T(x) in the past years and therefore changing the overall system hardware is cost prohibited. One concern has been the use of compression algorithms to reduce the required video bandwidth, with the negative side effect that the image quality reduces and end-to-end latency increases, which is not acceptable for some applications. Further, it is important that data from cameras is available to a number of different multicast consumers within the FTI network, for example workstations, recorders and telemetry systems. These video data stream also require synchronization so that they can be analyzed in post processing.

La croissance rapide du trafic aérien et les besoins en nouveaux services notamment pour les passagers imposent l'introduction de nouveaux moyens de communication pour les avions avec une bande passante globale fortement accrue. Les satellites sont appelés à jouer un rôle important dans ce contexte, non seulement en complément des systèmes terrestres pour les services « cockpit » (services ATM, Air Traffic Management) mais aussi pour les services « cabine » (In-Flight Entertainment). L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier l'architecture d'un système satellite supportant l'ensemble de ces services, en se focalisant sur l'architecture du terminal embarqué à bord des aéronefs. L'architecture retenue repose sur des liaisons DVB-S2/DVB-RCS normalisées par l'ETSI. Cette option permet d'utiliser efficacement l'importante bande passante disponible en bande Ka pour les services mobiles aéronautiques (allocation primaire) ou en bande Ku (allocation secondaire). Ces normes ont été conçues pour les applications multimédia (Broadband Satellite Multimedia). Le défi est alors d'utiliser de telles liaisons satellite pour des services aux caractéristiques et besoins fortement hétérogènes. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de la bande Ka n'est pas concevable sans l'activation de techniques de lutte contre les affaiblissements (FMT – Fade Mitigation Techniques). L'utilisation d'une marge statique conduit à une perte importante de capacité. Les techniques FMT reposent sur une évaluation dynamique du bilan de liaison et permettent une modification de la forme d'onde. Le système utilise ainsi la forme d'onde la plus efficace spectralement pour chaque terminal et maximise la capacité globale du système. Par contre, chaque terminal observe une modification de la ressource allouée au fil du temps. L'objectif de la thèse est de concevoir une architecture au niveau terminal qui permette d'exploiter les liaisons DVB-S2/RCS afin de fournir les services passagers (Internet et téléphonie mobile de type GSM/UMTS) et un canal haute fiabilité pour les services aéronautiques. Deux approches ont été retenues. La première repose sur une application du modèle ETSI BSM (Broadband Satellite Multimedia) en couches séparant strictement les couches dépendantes satellite et les couches indépendantes satellite. Les simulations de cette architecture montrent que les liaisons ne peuvent être utilisées de façon efficace sans une interaction entre couches afin de tenir compte de l'évolution de la capacité disponible. La seconde approche consiste en la concentration de la gestion de la ressource et la gestion de la qualité de service dans la même couche protocolaire. L'idée de départ est d'utiliser la méthode d'encapsulation générique Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE). GSE a été conçu pour la projection des paquets de couches supérieures à l'intérieur des trames DVB-S2. GSE tient compte de la taille variable des trames DVB-S2 et introduit une capacité de multiplexage entre différents flux (identification de fragments). Sur cette base, une gestion de l'accès est introduite pour gérer la liaison DVB-RCS au format MF-TDMA. Nous introduisons ainsi une utilisation conjointe de GSE, d'une politique de service différentiée et de flux de signalisation inter-couches (« cross-layer »). Les performances des deux approches sont étudiées à l'aide d'un modèle de simulation développé à l'aide du logiciel OPNET Modeler (simulations à événements discrets). Les résultats obtenus démontrent le meilleur comportement de la seconde architecture avec une meilleure utilisation de la ressource et des performances de transmission satisfaisant les objectifs. / The rapid growth of air traffic needs a new communication infrastructure with increased bandwidth, high speed services and applications to satisfy expected air-ground communication requirements. Satellite communication systems play a significant role in this context, not only as a complement to terrestrial systems for Air Traffic Management (ATM) by offering global coverage but also as a promising solution to enrich In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) for passengers. DVB-S2/RCS technology is an attractive proposition to provide the cost-effective broadband services for both ATM and IFE, mainly because a large radio bandwidth is primarily allocated to aeronautical mobile communications in Ka-band, where the open standards DVB are implemented. However, such system design with convergence of heterogeneous traffics involves two main challenges. Firstly, using Ka-band means the implementation of Fade Mitigation Techniques (FMT) in order to cope with deep fades caused by atmospheric attenuation. Otherwise, the waste of capacity would be excessively high in a constant link margin design. FMT adapt in real time the link budget to the propagation conditions, this adaptivity has an impact not only on physical layer but also on upper layers. An efficient ressource management strategy with dynamic bandwidth allocation is required in this case, especially in DVB-RCS return link where FMT are not natives. Secondly, the proposed system must be able to multiplex the trafic flows with highly different characteristics and Quality of Service (QoS) expectations into a single link, the corresponding capacity management and QoS support seem with higher complexity. In this paper, we present an adaptive system design using a single DVB-S2/RCS based satellite link to provide Internet access and mobile telephony (GSM/UMTS) for passengers and a high-reliability channel for ATM. Concerning the airborne terminal architecture, two approaches are investigated. The first one is in compliance with ETSI Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM) architecture and based on a layering paradigm. The conducted simulation experiments highlight the need of dynamic interactions and adaptations among the layers to achieve an overall performance optimization. We propose then an enhanced approach with the concentration of both resource allocation and QoS management at the same interface – adaptation layer. The idea comes from the success of the recent Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) protocol, which carries the network protocol packets over DVB-S2 forward link in a simple, flexible and efficient way, especially when used with Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM). Furthermore, GSE can be easily extended to use in our design for DVB-RCS return link thanks to a proper design of MF-TDMA structure in which the suitable FMT (ACM and Dynamic Rate Adaptation) are context-aware configured. With the combined use of GSE, service policy and the interactions between adaptation and access layers, incoming heterogeneous traffics can be dynamically scheduled, segmented and encapsulated at the same adaptation layer. Performance evaluation of two proposed approaches is derived by a network-level simulation model developed using OPNET. Results prove the enhanced approach outperforms the first one leading to better resource utilization and satisfactory performance.

Extensive research has been conducted by the grid community to enable large-scale collaborations in pre-configured environments. grid collaborations can vary in scale and motivation resulting in a coarse classification of grids: national grid, project grid, enterprise grid, and volunteer grid. Despite the differences in scope and scale, all the traditional grids in practice share some common assumptions. They support mutually collaborative communities, adopt a centralized control for membership, and assume a well-defined non-changing collaboration. To support grid applications that do not confirm to these assumptions, we propose the concept of ad hoc grids. In the context of this research, we propose a novel architecture for ad hoc grids that integrates a suite of component frameworks. Specifically, our architecture combines the community management framework, security framework, abstraction framework, quality of service framework, and reputation framework. The overarching objective of our integrated architecture is to support a variety of grid applications in a self-controlled fashion with the help of a self-organizing ad hoc community. We introduce mechanisms in our architecture that successfully isolates malicious elements from the community, inherently improving the quality of grid services and extracting deterministic quality assurances from the underlying infrastructure. We also emphasize on the technology-independence of our architecture, thereby offering the requisite platform for technology interoperability. The feasibility of the proposed architecture is verified with a high-quality ad hoc grid implementation. Additionally, we have analyzed the performance and behavior of ad hoc grids with respect to several control parameters.

[EN] Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) are a special type of networks where the nodes involved in the communication are vehicles. VANETs are created when several vehicles connect among themselves without the use of any infrastructure. In certain situations the absence of infrastructure is an advantage, but it also creates several challenges that should be overcome. One of the main problems related with the absence of infrastructure is the lack of a coordinator that can ensure a certain level of quality in order to enable the correct transmission of video and audio. Video transmission can be extremely useful in this type of networks as it can be used for videoconferencing of by traffic authorities to monitor the scene of an accident. In this thesis we focused on real time video transmission, providing solutions for both unicast and multicast environments. Specifically, we built a real-world testbed scenario and made a comparison with simulation results to validate the behavior of the simulation models. Using that testbed we implemented and improved DACME, an admission control module able to provide Quality of Service (QoS) to unicast video transmissions. DACME proved to be a valid solution to obtain a certain level of QoS in multi-hop environments. Concerning multicast video transmission, we developed and simulated several flooding schemes, focusing specifically on VANET environments. In this scope, the main contribution of this thesis is the Automatic Copies Distance Based (ACDB) flooding scheme. Thanks to the use of the perceived vehicular density, ACDB is a zeroconf scheme able to achieve good video quality in both urban and highway environments, being specially effective in highway environments. / [ES] Las redes vehiculares ad-hoc (VANET) son un tipo especial de redes en las que los nodos que participan de la comunicación son vehículos. Las VANETs se crean cuando diversos vehículos se conectan entre ellos sin el uso de ninguna infraestructura. En determinadas situaciones, la ausencia de infraestructura es una ventaja, pero también crea una gran cantidad de desafíos que se deben superar. Uno de los principales problemas relacionados con la ausencia de infraestructura, es la ausencia de un coordinador que pueda asegurar un determinado nivel de calidad, para poder asegurar la correcta transmisión de audio y vídeo. La transmisión de vídeo puede ser de extrema utilidad en este tipo de redes ya que puede ser empleada para videoconferencias o por las autoridades de tráfico para monitorizar el estado de un accidente. En esta tesis nos centramos en la transmisión de vídeo en tiempo real, proveyendo soluciones tanto para entornos unicast como multicast. En particular construimos un banco de pruebas real y comparamos los resultados obtenidos con resultados obtenidos en un entorno simulado para comprobar la fiabilidad de estos modelos. Usando el mismo banco de pruebas, implementamos y mejoramos DACME, un módulo de control de admisión capaz de proveer de calidad de servicio a transmisiones de vídeo unicast. DACME probó ser una solución válida para obtener ciertos niveles de calidad de servicio en entornos multisalto. En lo referente a la transmisión de vídeo multicast, desarrollamos y simulamos diversos esquemas de difusión diseñados específicamente para entornos VANET. En este campo, la principal contribución de esta tesis es el esquema de difusión "Automatic Copies Distance Based" (ACDB). Gracias al uso de la densidad vehicular percibida, ACDB es un esquema, que sin necesidad de configuración, permite alcanzar una buena calidad de vídeo tanto en entornos urbanos como en autopistas, siendo especialmente efectivo en este último entorno. / [CAT] Les xarxes vehiculars ad-hoc (VANET) son un tipus de xarxes especials a les que els diferents nodes que formen part d'una comunicació son vehicles. Les VANETs es formen quan diversos vehicles es connecten sense fer ús de cap infraestructura. A certes situacions l'absència d'una infraestructura suposa un avantatge, encara que també genera una gran quantitat de desafiaments que s'han de superar. U dels principals problemes relacionats amb l'absència d'infraestructura, és la manca d'un coordinador que puga garantir una correcta transmissió tant de video com d'àudio. La transmissió de video pot ser d'extrema utilitat a aquest tipus de xarxes, ja que es por emprar tant per a videoconferències com per part de les autoritats de trànsit per monitoritzar l'estat d'un accident. A aquesta tesi ens centrem en transmissió de video en temps real, proporcionant solucions tant a entorns unicast como a entorns multicast. Particularment, vam construir un banc de proves i obtinguérem resultats que comparàrem amb resultats obtinguts mitjançant simulació. D'aquesta manera validarem la fiabilitat dels resultats simulats. Fent ús del mateix banc de proves, vàrem implementar i millorar DACME, un mòdul de control d'admissió, capaç de proveir de qualitat de servici a transmissions de video unicast. DACME va provar ser una bona solució per obtindré un bon nivell de qualitat de servici en entorns de xarxes ad-hoc amb diversos salts. Si ens centrem a la transmissió de video multicast, vàrem implementar i simular diferents esquemes de difusió, específicament dissenyats per al seu ús a entorns VANET. La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi es l'esquema de difusió ACDB (Automatic Copies Distance Based). Fent ús de la densitat vehicular, ACDB es capaç d'obtindre una bona qualitat de video tant a ciutats com a vies interurbanes, sent a especialment efectiu a aquestes últimes. A més a més no es necessària cap configuració per part de l'usuari. / Torres Cortés, Á. (2016). Efficient real-time video delivery in vehicular networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62685 / TESIS

The assurance of Quality of Service (QoS) to the applications, although identified as a key feature since long ago [1], is one of the fundamental challenges that remain unsolved. In the Cloud Computing context, Quality of Service is defined as the measure of the compliance of certain user requirement in the delivery of a cloud resource, such as CPU or memory load for a virtual machine, or more abstract and higher level concepts such as response time or availability. Several research groups, both from academia and industry, have started working on describing the QoS levels that define the conditions under which the service need to be delivered, as well as on developing the necessary means to effectively manage and evaluate the state of these conditions. [2] propose Service Level Agreements (SLAs) as the vehicle for the definition of QoS guarantees, and the provision and management of resources. A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a formal contract between providers and consumers, which defines the quality of service, the obligations and the guarantees in the delivery of a specific good. In the context of Cloud computing, SLAs are considered to be machine readable documents, which are automatically managed by the provider's platform. SLAs need to be dynamically adapted to the variable conditions of resources and applications. In a multilayer architecture, different parts of an SLA may refer to different resources. SLAs may therefore express complex relationship between entities in a changing environment, and be applied to resource selection to implement intelligent scheduling algorithms. Therefore SLAs are widely regarded as a key feature for the future development of Cloud platforms. However, the application of SLAs for Grid and Cloud systems has many open research lines. One of these challenges, the modeling of the landscape, lies at the core of the objectives of the Ph. D. Thesis. / García García, A. (2014). SLA-Driven Cloud Computing Domain Representation and Management [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36579 / TESIS

Esta tesis doctoral aborda el problema de la transmisión de vídeo, en sistemas de transmisión de televisión y vídeo bajo demanda en tiempo real y de videoconferencia, a través de redes IP, haciendo un énfasis especial cuando la conexión se establece entre dispositivos móviles. En la primera parte del trabajo se introduce la transmisión de video en redes IP y se hace especial incapie en la videoconferencia, pasando posteriormente a presentar el estado del arte en ambos ámbitos. Tratamos y estudiamos cuestiones relacionadas con la compresión de vídeo, la calidad del vídeo recibido, la calidad de experiencia (QoE), sistemas para la mejora de la QoE para la videoconferencia y también tecnologías, como Software Defined Networking (SDN), que nos permiten mejorar dinámicamente la configuración de los dispositivos de red para mejorar la QoE percibida por los usuarios finales. Posteriormente, pasamos a describir el diseño de la arquitectura y el protocolo para la transmisión de vídeo en redes IP, con distintos objetivos. Proponemos una arquitectura y un protocolo para mejorar la QoE de los usuarios en la transmisión de vídeo en Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). También lo hacemos para la transmisión de vídeo en Redes Heterogéneas usando HTML5. Por último proponemos un algoritmo y protocolo para mejorar QoE de la transmisión de vídeo en redes empleadas para la monitorización ambiental, basándonos principalmente en un estudio fundamentado en la codificación en función del color predominante de las imágenes del vídeo. En el siguiente capítulo pasamos a proponer una nueva arquitectura y un protocolo para la mejora de la calidad de experiencia de extremo a extremo (E2E QoE) de los usuarios conectados a una videoconferencia. Definimos el proceso del sistema, la máquina de estados finita y el algoritmo necesario para su correcto funcionamiento. Por último, presentamos las distintas pruebas experimentales que se han realizado para estudiar y determinar los mejores sistemas de codificación, y su comportamiento al utilizar tecnologías como SDN en redes de dispositivos móviles, en Redes Heterogéneas usando HTML5 y en videoconferencia. / This doctoral thesis faces the problem of video transmission, in television transmission systems and video on demand in real time, and video conferencing, in IP networks, making a special emphasis when the connection is established between mobile devices. In the first part of the work, video transmission in IP networks is introduced, and a special emphasis is made on videoconference, afterwards presenting the state of the art in both areas. We address several issues related to video compression, the quality of the video received, the Quality of Experience (QoE), systems for improving the QoE for videoconferencing and also technologies, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN), which allow us to dynamically improve the configuration of the network devices to improve the QoE perceived by the end users. Later, we come to describe the design of the architecture and protocol for the transmission of video in IP networks, with different objectives. We propose an architecture and a protocol to improve the QoE of the end users in the transmission of video in Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). We also do it for the transmission of video in Heterogeneous Networks using HTML5. Finally, we propose an algorithm and protocol to improve QoE of video transmission in networks used for environmental monitoring, fundamentated mainly on a study substantiated on coding based on the predominant color of the images of the video. In the next chapter, we propose a new architecture and a protocol for improving the End-to-End Quality of Experience (E2E QoE) of the users connected to a video conference. We define the process of the system, the finite state machine and the algorithm necessary for its correct operation. Finally, we present the different experimental tests that have been carried out to study and determine the best coding systems, and their behavior when using technologies such as SDN in networks of mobile devices, in Heterogeneous Networks using HTML5 and in videoconference. / Aquesta tesi doctoral aborda el problema de la transmissió de vídeo, en sistemes de transmissió de televisió i vídeo sota demanda en temps real, i de videoconferència, a través de xarxes IP, fent un èmfasi especial quan la connexió s'estableix entre dispositius mòbils. En la primera part del treball s'introdueix la transmissió de vídeo en xarxes IP i es fa especial incapie en la videoconferència, passant posteriorment a presentar a l'estat de l'art en tots dos àmbits. Tractem i estudiem qüestions relacionades amb la compressió de vídeo, la qualitat del vídeo rebut, la qualitat d'experiència (QoE), sistemes per a la millora de la QoE per a la videoconferència i també tecnologies, com a Software Defined Networking (SDN), que ens permeten millorar dinàmicament la configuració dels dispositius de xarxa per a millorar la QoE percebuda pels usuaris finals. Posteriorment, passem a descriure el disseny de l'arquitectura i el protocol per a la transmissió de vídeo en xarxes IP, amb diferents objectius. Proposem una arquitectura i un protocol per a millorar la QoE dels usuaris en la transmissió de vídeo en Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). També ho fem per a la transmissió de vídeo en Xarxes Heterogènies usant HTML5. Finalment proposem un algoritme i un protocol per a millorar QoE de la transmissió de vídeo en xarxes emprades per al monitoratge ambiental, basant-nos principalment en un estudi fonamentat en la codificació en funció del color predominant del vídeo. En el següent capítol passem a proposar una nova arquitectura i un protocol per a la millora de la qualitat d'experiència d'extrem a extrem (I2I QoE) dels usuaris connectats a una videoconferència. Definim el procés del sistema, la màquina d'estats finita i l'algoritme necessari per al seu correcte funcionament. Finalment presentem les diferents proves experimentals que s'han realitzat per a estudiar i determinar els millors sistemes de codificació, i el seu comportament en utilitzar tecnologies com SDN en xarxes de dispositius mòbils, en Xarxes Heterogènies usant HTML5 i en videoconferència. / Jiménez Herranz, JM. (2018). Design of an architecture and communication protocol for video transmission and videoconference [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/107321 / TESIS

Quality of service (QoS) is an important consideration in networking, but it is also a significant challenge. Providing QoS guarantees becomes even more challenging when you add the complexities to the network like voice and video applications. This master's thesis focuses on QoS modeling and simulation in discrete event simulation system OMNeT++. The implementation of multiple techniques for QoS simulation is added to OMNeT++ within this work. All implemented modules are validated against the QoS tools on real routers. The last part of the work presents the possibility of QoS simulation in newly implemented modules.

This semester work focuses on the basic characteristics of the VDSl2 and G.fast technologies that allow to transfer data using old telephone lines. The theoretical part of the work describes the main parameters of all currently known profiles for VDSL and G.fast. There is also a description of DMT modulation, used in both types of DSL connections. Moreover, the theoretical part presents a vectoring technique that helps to increase the data transfer rate using a twisted pair. The work also provides methods for testing networks using the recommendations of RFC 2455, ITU-T Y.1564 and RFC6349. The practical part of this thesis contains all conducted tests and measuring, which were described in detail. The results od these tests were presented in the format of graphs and tables.

This master's thesis (further only MT) deal with problems of scale-free topology networks with a view to technology MANET (Mobile Ad hoc network) or more precisely Motorola MESH. Further studies routing technique and quality of services (QoS) in these networks. Theoretic part of MT in introduction shortly characterizes properties and kind of Ad hoc networks, next part is dedicated to technology Motorola MESH and shows practical usage of this technology. Analysis of problems quality of services and optimalization QoS in MANET is content third parts of MT. Fourth part specifies division of routing protocols, analysis of routing in MANET and characteristics routing protocols OLSR, AODV, DSR and TORA. In practical fifth part of MT are in introduction simulated simple MANET and mesh networks and further is created model of MANET network, into the model are implemented accessible routing protocols in simulation program OPNET Modeler and on the basis of simulation these protocols or more precisely output statisticians of simulation are protocols compared from several aspects and suitability for transmission of multimedia data (voice, video).

Information about the differentiated services (DiffServ), the link failure problems and the alternate routes in a DiffServ domain finding are the aims of the master´s thesis to be given. Properties of the differentiated services, the usage of marking techniques in the DiffServ domain are described in the thesis. The concept of the DiffServ domain, its structure and mostly used today routing protocol OSPF are described too. The function model of the DiffServ domain has been created in the simulation environment called Opnet Modeleler on the basis of the obtained knowledge. The link failure and the following link recovery have been simulated in the model and the effects have been analyzed after that.