by Chun-pong Kwok. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [144]-[151]). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ABSTRACT / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- ISO 9000 as an isomorphic process in Hong Kong industries --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical and Empirical Background --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Methods --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Internal Organization of each chapter --- p.8 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- ISO 9000 As An Isomorphic Process In Hongkong industries / Chapter 2.1 --- Origin of ISO9000 --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- ISO's Popularity in Global and Local Markets --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Some Characteristics of ISO9000 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- ISO 9000 as an Isomorphic Process in the Organizational Field --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- The Current Models Explaining the Popularity of ISO9000 / Chapter 2.51 --- ISO as a Trade Restriction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.52 --- The Market Driven Thesis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.53 --- ISO as a Product Promoted by Professional Groups --- p.23 / Chapter 2.54 --- ISO as a Result of Rational Choice --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6 --- Recapitulation --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Institutional Theories of Organizations and the Sensemaking Perspective / Chapter 3.1 --- What is An Institution? --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Institutional Theory of Organizations: From Old to New --- p.32 / Chapter 3.21 --- The Old Institutional Theory of Organizations --- p.32 / Chapter 3.22 --- Contributions of The Old Institutional School --- p.35 / Chapter 3.23 --- The Neo-Institutionalism In Organizational Analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 3.23 --- a Isomorphic Processes and Mechanisms --- p.39 / Chapter 3.23 --- b An Alternative Model Defined by Richard Scott --- p.40 / Chapter 3.24 --- The Weaknesses of The Neo-Institutional Approach To Organizational Analysis --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- What is Sensemaking? --- p.47 / Chapter 3.31 --- Sensemaking In Organizations --- p.47 / Chapter 3.32 --- The Powerfulness of Sensemaking --- p.49 / Chapter 3.33a --- Sources of A Good Sense --- p.51 / Chapter 3.33b --- The Fragility of Sensemaking and Its Maintenance --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- A Closer Examination Of The Institutional Isomorphism / Chapter 4.1 --- Different Organizations are all in the same field --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- How Cocecive/ Regulative Institution Works --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- How Cognitive Institution Works --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- How Normative Institution Works --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Mutual Reinforcement of Institutional Pressures in the Environment --- p.69 / Chapter 4.6 --- Recapitulation --- p.71 / Chapter 5. --- Institutional Sources of Sensemaking and Its Strategies --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Nature of Sensemaking --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2 --- Extraorganizational Sources of Sensemaking --- p.76 / Chapter 5.21 --- Market Signaling --- p.77 / Chapter 5.22 --- Reduction Of Responsibility ----Measure To Cope With Inevitable Risk --- p.84 / Chapter 5.3 --- Intraorganizational Sources of Sensemaking --- p.86 / Chapter 5.31 --- ISO 9000 as a Conflict Resolution Device --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 la --- Misunderstandings --- p.87 / Chapter 5.31b --- Fault Aversion --- p.88 / Chapter 5.32 --- Labour Control and Deskilling Device --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4 --- Sensemaking Strategies --- p.92 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.94 / Chapter 6. --- The Management Of Misfits And Dissonance --- p.96 / Chapter 6.1 --- The Dissonance and The Failure of Prophecy --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Puzzle of Quality and Efficiency Improvement --- p.98 / Chapter 6.21 --- The Shortcomings of The System --- p.98 / Chapter 6.22 --- The Shortcomings of The Certified Companies --- p.100 / Chapter 6.23 --- The Shortcomings of The Certifying Bodies --- p.102 / Chapter 6.3 --- Strategies used to resolve the dissonance --- p.102 / Chapter 6.31 --- The Postponement Of Realizing Of The Promise --- p.103 / Chapter 6.32 --- Dissociation From The Unqualified Certifying Bodies --- p.103 / Chapter 6.33 --- Redefining The Goals Of Adopting ISO9000 --- p.104 / Chapter 6.4 --- The Transformation From Ambiguity To Flexibility --- p.105 / Chapter 6.5 --- Labour Resistance --- p.108 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.111 / Chapter 7. --- Recapitulation: A Theory of Social Action In Insitutional Analysis --- p.113 / Chapter 7.1 --- "A Theory of Constraint: Institutions, Institutional Environment And Institutionalism In the Organizational Field" --- p.114 / Chapter 7.2 --- Theory of Action --- p.118 / Chapter 7.3 --- Implications of the Study --- p.120 / Chapter 7.31 --- The Eclipse of The Actor's Motivations Under Institutions --- p.120 / Chapter 7.32 --- The Extension of Conception of The Organizational Field --- p.122 / Chapter 7.33 --- Overinvestment in ISO 9000 --- p.122 / Chapter 7.4 --- A Possible Research Agenda --- p.124 / APPENDIX I --- p.125 / APPENDIX II --- p.141 / APPENDIX III --- p.143 / BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Ling Ho-Wan Howard, Ryoo Byung-Hoon. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / PREFACE --- p.viii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- IT PROFILE OF HONG KONG --- p.1 / IT Penetration in2002 --- p.1 / Government Initiatives --- p.2 / Software Industry of Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter II. --- IT STRATEGY --- p.5 / IT Strategy - 3 Check Points --- p.5 / Flexible Platform --- p.5 / Strategy vs. ROI --- p.8 / Outsourcing or Internal Development --- p.9 / Quality Management System ´ؤ Instituting Best Practices --- p.10 / Deming's 14 Points --- p.11 / The Juran Trilogy --- p.12 / Crosby's 14 Quality Steps --- p.13 / Chapter III. --- SOFTWARE QUALITY MANAGEMENT - CMM --- p.16 / Software Development Project --- p.16 / Software Project Process Model --- p.17 / Software Quality Management --- p.19 / Capability Maturity Model (CMM) --- p.20 / Bootstrap 3.2 --- p.23 / Trillium --- p.25 / ISO 9001/TickIT --- p.26 / SPICE --- p.27 / Chapter IV. --- CMM PRACTICES IN THE WORLD --- p.29 / The CMM Practices - Worldwide --- p.29 / Two studies on Software Process Management in Taiwan --- p.32 / Software Process Management in Taiwan: A Longitudinal Study of Top 1000 Companies --- p.32 / Software Project Process Management Maturity and Project Performance --- p.34 / Chapter V. --- SOFTWARE PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN HONG KONG --- p.36 / The CMM in Hong Kong --- p.37 / Case Studies on the SPM in Hong Kong --- p.41 / Case 1: Dow Chemical --- p.41 / Case 2: Oracle Hong Kong --- p.44 / Case 3: Bentley Systems Inc. (Hong Kong) --- p.48 / Case 4: i-Cable --- p.50 / Case 5: SinoPac Securities (Asia) Ltd --- p.53 / Implications of the Statistics --- p.55 / Factor comparison of mean value --- p.56 / Implications --- p.58 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.60 / APPENDIX --- p.62 / BIBLOGRAPHY --- p.72

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Voedseltuisnywerhede (hierna genoem tuisnywerhede) word in 'n toenemende mate van aktuele belang as gevolg van verskeie redes soos die veranderde rol van die hedendaagse vrou en omdat 'n sekere behoefte eie aan vandag vervul word. Bekostigbare voedsel van goeie gehalte is van die uiterste belang. Dit is belangrik om bestanddele van swak gehalte vroegtydig te ontdek voordat produkte van swak gehalte gelewer word en 'n markaandeel verloor word. Tuisnywerhede het 'n verantwoordelikheid teenoor kliente om produkte van goeie gehalte teen bekostigbare pryse te voorsien. Daar word toenemende druk op tuisnywerhede geplaas om produkte van gewenste gehalte te verskaf en om aan kliente se verwagtinge te voldoen. 'n Totalegehaltebestuurprojek kan tuisnywerhede help om hul totale stelsel te ondersoek en te verbeter. In die studie is aile dimensies van die bestuur van gehalte by tuisnywerhede in SuidAfrika ondersoek en geevalueer en 'n TQM model vir tuisnywerhede is ontwikkel. Die probleem is ontleed deur 'n literatuurstudie te doen waarop die empiriese ondersoek gebaseer is. Verskeie inligtingsbronne, in die vorm van artikels, referate en ander geskrewe literatuur oor TQM en tuisnywerhede, is geraadpleeg. 'n Proto-model vir totalegehaltebestuur by tuisnywerhede is uit die literatuur ontwikkel en na die ondersoek aangepas. Die empiriese ondersoek was tweeledig van aard, naamlik op makro- en mikrovlak. Empiriese data is deur middel van posvraelyste aan aile tuisnywerhede in Suid-Afrika verkry. Dieptestudie-ondersoeke deur middel van waarneming, onderhoude en gestruktureerde vraelyste aan tuisnywerheidbestuur, verskaffers en kliente van drie gekose tuisnywerhede is op mikrovlak uitgevoer om hul persepsies oor die gehalte van produkte en bestuur van totale gehalte in tuisnywerhede te ontleed. Die resultate wat uit hierdie studie voortspruit dui daarop dat: • tuisnywerhede wat as 'n handelsko6perasie bedryf word, die meeste voordele bied vir aile partye wat betrokke is. tuisnywerhede met 'n formele gehaltebestuursprogram sonder uitsondering beter resultate toon teenoor die wat nie formele gehaltebestuur toepas nie. • verskaffers se werksfasiliteite nog nooit op enige wyse ge"inspekteer is of vir higieniese praktyke getoets is nie. / Food home industries (hereafter referred to as home industries) are increasingly becoming more important in our society due to several reasons such as the changing role of the modern woman and because a specific need peculiar to today is met. Affordable, high quality food is of the utmost importance. It is essential to identify ingredients of a low standard in good time before poor quality products are supplied and market share is lost. It is the responsibility of home industries to provide the customer with affordable products of a high quality. Home industries are increasingly pressurised to measure up to the customers' expectations and to supply them with top quality products. A total quality management project can assist home industries in examining their total system and can identify areas for improvement. In this study all dimensions of management and quality in home industries were examined and evaluated. A TQM model for home industries was developed. The problem was analysed by means of a literature study on which the empirical investigation was based. Various sources of information such as articles, papers read at conferences and other written literature on TQM and home industries were consulted. A proto model for total quality management for home industries was developed from the literature and was adapted after the investigation. The empirical investigation was executed at both a macro- and a microlevel. Empirical data was obtained through questionnaires distributed to all managers of home industries in South Africa. In-depth studies by means of observation, interviews and structured questionnaires to home industry management, suppliers and customers of three selected home industries were done at microlevel in order to analyse the quality of products and the management of total quality in home industries. The results that emerge from this study indicate that • home industries which are run as trade co-operatives hold more advantages for all parties concerned. home industries which follow a formal quality management programme prove, without exception, to have better results than those which do not implement formal quality management. • the working facilities of suppliers have never been inspected or tested for hygienic practices in any way. / Business Management / DCOM (Sakebestuur)

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree Doctor of Technology: Quality, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Quality management remains one of the top ranking strategic issues in all major organisations. However, at present, there is a sentiment that business priorities and quality management priorities have become non-aligned over the last two decades. It is believed that quality management is still predominately understood and practiced using the framework and direction provided historically by quality leaders such as Deming, Juran, Crosby and others. Thus, this study motivated that quality is at a crossroads and in order for it to be aligned with business priorities, once again it needs to evolve its role. This study commenced with the review on related literature on the history of quality management. From this review, it was evident that the various evolutions of quality management were directed to meet the changing business challenges and market needs that were linked to prevailing demand and supply, customer focus, competitive advantage and profitable growth outputs. The literature review thereafter demonstrated the potential opportunities wherein quality management could be utilised to re-establish its previous relevance by supporting organisations in the management of emerging trends. This study identified globalisation, customer power and sophistication, social responsibility and environmental sustainability consciousness as emerging trends that could be the most leveraged with the use of quality management concepts, techniques and tools. Furthermore, the topics of stewardship, leadership, change management and strategy were discussed as enablers to the proposed new evolution of quality management, which should become known as “quality stewardship”. As a guideline to the “quality stewardship” strategy, a Quality Stewardship and Leadership (QSAL) framework was developed in this study. The QSAL framework incorporated Total Quality Management (TQM), systems thinking and business excellence as the underlying theoretical grounding. This framework, displaying a process approach, encapsulated the following components: inputs (risk, revenue and reputation), processes (productivity Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), technical governance, and environmental and social sustainability) and outputs (maximise value) for the proposed new scope for quality management. Abstract iii The primary source of information used in this study was obtained from qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The research instruments in this study included surveys in the form of questionnaires and an organisational assessment which was undertaken by utilising a Viable Systems Model (VSM). The organisational assessment that was part of the preliminary study was undertaken in two beverage multi-national organisations in South Africa. The pilot and principal studies consisted of surveys in the form of questionnaires. The objective of the survey was to gain an understanding of current quality management practices, current quality management thinking and acceptability of the proposed QSAL framework across selected manufacturing organisations in South Africa. Both the preliminary and principal studies displayed variable levels of responses in quality management practices and a high level of agreement or awareness to the questions on the current thinking of quality management and acceptability of the proposed QSAL framework in the quantitative studies. Thus, based on the review of related literature and empirical studies, the motivation for this research, that quality management was ready for the next evolution in order to support current business challenges and market demands, was validated.

Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2008. / Increasing competitive pressure from global markets and technological developments has resulted in the continual demand for business improvement philosophies and methodologies to address this challenge. The LSS approach to business improvement has emerged in both the practitioner and academic literature as having a significant role in this area. In 2006, The Valspar Corporation embarked on a LSS initiative as a way to improve the business globally, to achieve sustained profitable growth and to enhance customer value. Valspar (SA) found the implementation of LSS a challenge because the organisation could not afford the appointment of a full-time Black Belt to manage the programme locally. Green Belts were appointed to lead LSS projects part-time. Management wanted to know if they have applied the LSS methodology correctly within the scope of the business, especially since not all organisations were successful in the implementation of LSS. The objective of this study was to determine the critical factors that affect the successful implementation of LSS at Valspar (SA) and to assess the degree to which these critical factors exist at Valspar (SA). In a census, the researcher used the questionnaire to gain information about the current views of employees on the LSS programme at Valspar (SA). The research highlighted the critical success factors for LSS implementation and the results of the evaluation revealed both the positive and negative aspects of the LSS programme at Valspar (SA). / Valspar Corporation

No description available.

Thesis (MCur)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: In her clinical practice as nursing manager the researcher was concerned about incomplete and inaccurate documentation of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) which were compromising the management of these patients. The primary care nurses endorsed these concerns. Goals and Objective: The goal of this study was to audit nursing documentation according to the phases of the nursing process and the discharge planning of patients diagnosed with TB discharged from TB hospitals in the Western Cape. The objectives for the study were to determine whether the patients were adequately assessed and diagnosed, whether nursing care plans were formulated based on the assessment and whether they were implemented and evaluated according to the nursing process - including the discharged planning. Ethics approval was obtained from the Committee of Human Research Science at Stellenbosch University and permission was also obtained from the respective institutions. Methodology: A descriptive design with a quantitative approach was applied for the purpose of this study. The total population for the study was N=1768. A systematic random sample of 12% from each hospital was drawn: n=214, hospital A (n=142) and hospital B (n=72). Criteria included:  all adult patients older than 18 years  patients who were discharged between 01 January 2007 and 31st December 2007  all discharged patients from the two hospitals specializing in patients diagnosed with TB. Instrumentation: An audit instrument based on the objectives of the study was approved as the data collection tool. Guided by the proposed study a 10% (n=21) of the number of discharged patient files were drawn for the purpose of a pilot study. Reliability and validity was ensured through the use of experts in the field of nursing, research methodology and statistics. A pilot study was also conducted to support the reliability and validity of the study. Data collection: The researcher collected the data personally with the support of five trained field workers who only assisted at hospital B and was reluctant to assist at the second hospital. Data analysis: Data was analysed with the support of a statistician and expressed in frequencies and tables. Results: All phases of the nursing process showed a low compliance. Results showed that only n=90(42%) of the registered professional nurses checked and signed the initial assessment, furthermore only n=53(34%) showed that a recording was made of all referral documentation to the patient’s follow-up clinic. Recommendations: Recommendations based on the scientific evidence obtained from the study include the implementation of a quality assurance programme namely standardisation, auditing, case management of patients, education and training, rewarding of staff and further research. Conclusion: In conclusion guided by the research question “Are the audited discharged patient files at hospitals specialising in the management of patients with TB in the WCDoH compliant?” The researcher concludes that the discharged patient files are not compliant. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: In haar kliniese praktyk as verpleegbestuurder is die navorser besorgd oor die onvolledige en onakkurate dokumentasie van pasiënte wat met tuberkulose (TB) gediagnoseer is en wat dus die versorging van hierdie pasiënte in gevaar stel. Hierdie besorgdhede is deur die primêre sorg verpleegsters bevestig. Doel en Doelwitte: Die doel van die studie is om die verpleegdokumente te ouditeer volgens die fases van die vepleegproses, asook die ontslagbeplanning van die pasiënte gediagnoseer met TB van die hospitale in die Wes-Kaap. Die doelwitte is om te bepaal of die pasiënte korrek geassesseer en gediagnoseer is en of verpleegsorgplanne opgestel is, wat gebaseer is op die assessering en versorgingsplanne wat geïmplementeer en geëvalueer is volgens die verpleegproses, insluitende die ontslagbeplanning. Etiese goedgekeuring is toegestaan deur die Komitee vir Menslike Navorsingswetenskap van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en toestemming is ook ontvang van die onderskeie instansies. Metodologie: ’n Beskrywende ontwerp met ’n kwantitatiewe benadering is toegepas vir die doel van die studie. Die totale bevolking vir die studie is N=1786. ’n Sistematiese ewekansige geselekteerde steekproef van 12% van elke hospitaal is geneem: n=214, hospitaal A (n=142) en hospitaal B (n=72). Die kriteria sluit in:  alle volwasse pasiënte ouer as 18 jaar  pasiënte wat gedurende die periode 01 Januarie 2007 tot 31 Desember 2007 ontslaan is  alle ontslag pasiënte van die twee hospitale wat spesialiseer in pasiënte wat gediagnoseer is met TB. Instrumentasie: ‘n Ouditinstrument gebaseer op die doelwitte is goedgekeur as die dataversamelingsinstrument. Na aanleiding van die voorgestelde studie is 10% (n=21) van die aantal ontslag pasiëntlêers getrek vir die doel van die loodsondersoek. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid is verseker deur gebruik te maak van deskundiges in die verplegingsveld, die navorsingsmetodologie en statistiek. Die loodsondersoek is ook uitgevoer om die betroubaarhied en geldigheid van die studie te rugsteun. Dataversameling: Die navorser het die data persoonlik gekollekteer met die bystand van vyf opgeleide veldwerkers wat slegs hulp verleen het by hospital B en wat teësinnig was om hulp te verleen by die tweede hospitaal. Data-analise: Data is geanaliseer met die hulp van ’n statistikus en is uitgedruk in frekwensies en tabelle. Resultate: Alle fases van die verpleegproses het nie voldoen aan die vereistes nie. Resultate dui daarop dat slegs n=90 (42%) van die geregistreerde professionele verpleegsters die aanvanklike assessering nagegaan en onderteken het, vervolgens het slegs n=53 (34%) getoon dat ’n opname gemaak was van alle verwysde dokumentasie van die pasiënt se opvolgbesoek aan die kliniek. Aanbevelings: Aanbevelings is gebaseer op die wetenskaplike bewys wat verkry is van die studie vir die implementering van ’n gehalte versekeringsprogram, naamlik standardisering, ouditering, gevallebestuur van pasiente, opvoeding en opleiding, erkenning aan die personeel, en voortgesette navorsing. Samevatting: Ter afsluiting gelei deur die navorsering’s vraag nl. “Is die geouditeerde verpleegdokumente in hospitale wat spesialiseer in die bestuur van pasiente gediagnoseer met TB in die Weskaap se Department van Gesondheid bygehou?” Die navorser bevestig dat die verpleegdokumente nie bygehou was nie.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: World Class Manufacturing (WCM) was first introduced into Nampak in 1990, and since then, there have been three attempts by the organisation to re-implement WCM in the organisation. In the last 23 years, 1990-2013, no formal assessment has been done with regard to evaluating whether the introduction of WCM was effective or not in the organisation, according to the goals and objectives set when the projects were initially implemented. The aim of this research report was to evaluate whether the implementation of WCM was effective in the Nampak Plastic Rigids (PRs) clusters and the study focused on only three operations namely; Nampak Tubes, Closures and Megapak. Secondly, the research aimed to establish what elements were required to successfully implement and sustain WCM in an organisation. Through the research it was established that in order to implement and sustain WCM successfully the following elements are required; strategy alignment, strategy implementation or execution, benchmarking, employee involvement, change management and the correct selection of continuous improvement tools and tactics. The three operations selected in the study were then evaluated against these elements through a survey, in order to gauge their alignment against each element. The research found that none of the three operations met the ideal state of 85 per cent in aligning themselves to the six elements. Nampak Tubes was the only operation that came close to the required ideal level of 85 per cent, as the operation had re-implemented WCM in 2011 and as a result, the operations performance in terms of the selected KPIs was better than that of the other two. However, on average none of the three operations reached the 85 per cent ideal range. This was an indication that the PRs were not aligned to the required six elements in their attempt to implement WCM, and despite the three previous attempts, success had not been achieved. The elements could prove complex as regards their comprehension and implementation as guided by the literature review and research, thus leadership should take careful note of the relationship between all of them. The organisational leadership is responsible for ensuring that the WCM strategy is driven centrally and adopted by all the stakeholders in the organisation, as all the elements require a leadership intervention. World Class Manufacturing is more than a concept or a project; it is a philosophy which should be treated as a way of life, if organisations are to be successful in being competitive.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration