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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ergodicité et fonctions propres du laplacien sur les grands graphes réguliers / Ergodicity and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on large regular graphs

Le Masson, Etienne 24 September 2013 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les propriétés de concentration des fonctions propres du laplacien discret sur des graphes réguliers de degré fixé dont le nombre de sommets tend vers l'infini. Cette étude s'inspire de la théorie de l'ergodicité quantique sur les variétés. Par analogie avec cette dernière, nous développons un calcul pseudo-différentiel sur les arbres réguliers : nous définissons des classes de symboles et des opérateurs associés, et nous prouvons un certain nombre de propriétés de ces classes de symboles et opérateurs. Nous montrons notamment que les opérateurs sont bornés dans L², et nous donnons des formules de l'adjoint et du produit. Nous nous servons ensuite de cette théorie pour montrer un théorème d'ergodicité quantique pour des suites de graphes réguliers dont le nombre de sommets tend vers l'infini. Il s'agit d'un résultat de délocalisation de la plupart des fonctions propres dans la limite des grands graphes réguliers. Les graphes vérifient une hypothèse d'expansion et ne comportent pas trop de cycles courts, deux hypothèses vérifiées presque sûrement par des suites de graphes réguliers aléatoires. / N this thesis, we study concentration properties of eigenfunctions of the discrete Laplacian on regular graphs of fixed degree, when the number of vertices tend to infinity. This study is made in analogy with the Quantum Ergodicity theory on manifolds. We construct a pseudo-differential calculus on regular trees by defining symbol classes and associated operators and proving some properties of these classes of symbols and operators. In particular we prove that the operators are bounded on L² and give adjoint and product formulas. We then use this theory to prove a Quantum Ergodicity theorem on large regular graphs. This is a property of delocalization of most eigenfunctions in the large scale limit. We consider expander graphs with few short cycles (for instance random large regular graphs). These hypothesis are almost surely satisfied by sequences of random regular graphs.
2

Résonances du laplacien sur les variétés à pointes / The resonances of the Laplace operator on cusp manifolds

Bonthonneau, Yannick 10 July 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse à pour objet l’étude des résonances du laplacien sur les variétés à pointes. Ce sont des variétés dont les bouts sont des pointes hyperboliques réelles. Ces objets ont été introduits par Selberg pour les surfaces à pointes de courbure constante dans les années 50. Leur définition a ensuite été étendue en courbure variable par Lax et Phillips. Les résonances sont les poles d’une famille méromorphe de fonctions propres généralisées du laplacien. Elles sont associées au spectre continu du laplacien. Pour analyser ce spectre continu, plusieurs directions de recherche sont explorées ici. D’une part, on obtient des résultats sur la localisation de ces résonances. En particulier, si la courbure est négative, on montre que pour un ensemble générique de métriques, les résonances se séparent en deux ensembles. Le premier est contenu dans une bande près du spectre continu. L’autre partie est composé de résonances qui s’éloignent du spectre. Ceci laisse une zone de taille log sans résonance.D’autre part, on étudie les mesures microlocales associées à certaines suites de paramètre spectraux. En particulier, on montre que pour des suites de paramètres spectraux qui s’approche du spectre, mais pas trop vite, la mesure microlocale associée est nécessairement la mesure de Liouville. Cette propriété est valable quand la courbure de la variété est négative. / In this thesis, we study the resonances of the Laplace operator on cusp manifolds. They are manifolds whose ends are real hyperbolic cusps. The resonances were introduced by Selberg in the 50's for the constant curvature cusp surfaces. Their definition was later extended to the case of variable curvature by Lax and Phillips. The resonances are the poles of a meromorphic family of generalized eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator. They are associated to the continuous spectrum of the Laplace operator. To analyze this continuous spectrum, different directions of research are investigated.On the one hand, we obtain results on the localization of resonances. In particular, if the curvature is negative, for a generic set of metrics, they split into two sets. The first one is included in a band near the spectrum. The other is composed of resonances that are far from the spectrum. This leaves a log zone without resonances. On the other hand, we study the microlocal measures associated to certain sequences of spectral parameters. In particular we show that for some sequences of parameters that converge to the spectrum, but not too fast, the associated microlocal measure has to be the Liouville measure. This property holds when the curvature is negative.
3

Spacetime Symmetries from Quantum Ergodicity

Shoy Ouseph (18086125) 16 April 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">In holographic quantum field theories, a bulk geometric semiclassical spacetime emerges from strongly coupled interacting conformal field theories in one less spatial dimension. This is the celebrated AdS/CFT correspondence. The entanglement entropy of a boundary spatial subregion can be calculated as the area of a codimension two bulk surface homologous to the boundary subregion known as the RT surface. The bulk region contained within the RT surface is known as the entanglement wedge and bulk reconstruction tells us that any operator in the entanglement wedge can be reconstructed as a non-local operator on the corresponding boundary subregion. This notion that entanglement creates geometry is dubbed "ER=EPR'' and has been the driving force behind recent progress in quantum gravity research. In this thesis, we put together two results that use Tomita-Takesaki modular theory and quantum ergodic theory to make progress on contemporary problems in quantum gravity.</p><p dir="ltr">A version of the black hole information loss paradox is the inconsistency between the decay of two-point functions of probe operators in large AdS black holes and the dual boundary CFT calculation where it is an almost periodic function of time. We show that any von Neumann algebra in a faithful normal state that is quantum strong mixing (two-point functions decay) with respect to its modular flow is a type III<sub>1</sub> factor and the state has a trivial centralizer. In particular, for Generalized Free Fields (GFF) in a thermofield double (KMS) state, we show that if the two-point functions are strong mixing, then the entire algebra is strong mixing and a type III<sub>1</sub> factor settling a recent conjecture of Liu and Leutheusser.</p><p dir="ltr">The semiclassical bulk geometry that emerges in the holographic description is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold and we expect a local approximate Poincaré algebra. Near a bifurcate Killing horizon, such a local two-dimensional Poincaré algebra is generated by the Killing flow and the outward null translations along the horizon. We show the emergence of such a Poincaré algebra in any quantum system with modular future and past subalgebras in a limit analogous to the near-horizon limit. These are known as quantum K-systems and they saturate the modular chaos bound. We also prove that the existence of (modular) future/past von Neumann subalgebras also implies a second law of (modular) thermodynamics.</p>

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