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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

A near-infrared view of luminous quasars : black hole masses, outflows and hot dust

Coatman, Liam January 2017 (has links)
Supermassive black holes (BHs) and their host-galaxies are thought to evolve in tandem, with the energy output from the rapidly-accreting BH regulating star formation and the growth of the BH itself. The goal of better understanding this process has led to much work focussing on the properties of quasars at high redshifts, $z\gtrsim 2$, when cosmic star formation and BH accretion both peaked. At these redshifts, however, ground-based statistical studies of the quasar population generally have no access to the rest-frame optical spectral region, which is needed to measure H$\beta$-based BH masses and narrow line region outflow properties. The cornerstone of this thesis has been a new near-infrared spectroscopic catalogue providing rest-frame optical data on 434 luminous quasars at redshifts $1.5 \lesssim z \lesssim 4$. At high redshift, $z \gtrsim 2$, quasar BH masses are derived using the velocity-width of the CIV broad emission-line, based on the assumption that the observed velocity-widths arise from virial-induced motions. However, CIV exhibits significant asymmetric structure which suggests that the associated gas is not tracing virial motions. By combining near-infrared spectroscopic data (covering the hydrogen Balmer lines) with optical spectroscopy from SDSS (covering CIV), we have quantified the bias in CIV BH masses as a function of the CIV blueshift. CIV BH masses are shown to be over-estimated by almost an order of magnitude at the most extreme blueshifts. Using the monotonically increasing relationship between the CIV blueshift and the mass ratio BH(CIV)/BH(H$\alpha$) we derive an empirical correction to all CIV BH-masses. The correction depends only on the CIV line properties and therefore enables the derivation of un-biased virial BH mass estimates for the majority of high-luminosity, high-redshift, spectroscopically confirmed quasars. Quasars driving powerful outflows over galactic scales is a central tenet of galaxy evolution models involving 'quasar feedback' and significant resources have been devoted to searching for observational evidence of this phenomenon. We have used [OIII] emission to probe ionised gas extended over kilo-parsec scales in luminous $z\gtrsim2$ quasars. Broad [OIII] velocity-widths and asymmetric structure indicate that strong outflows are prevalent in this population. We estimate the kinetic power of the outflows to be up to a few percent of the quasar bolometric luminosity, which is similar to the efficiencies required in recent quasar-feedback models. [OIII] emission is very weak in quasars with large CIV blueshifts, suggesting that quasar-driven winds are capable of sweeping away gas extended over kilo-parsec scales in the host galaxies. Using data from a number of recent wide-field photometric surveys, we have built a parametric SED model that is able to reproduce the median optical to infrared colours of tens of thousands of AGN at redshifts $1 < z < 3$. In individual objects, we find significant variation in the near-infrared SED, which is dominated by emission from hot dust. We find that the hot dust abundance is strongly correlated with the strength of outflows in the quasar broad line region, suggesting that the hot dust may be in a wind emerging from the outer edges of the accretion disc.
82

População estelar e cinemática em quasares post-starburst

Sanmartim, David January 2013 (has links)
Quasares Post-Starburst (PSQs) são considerados como um estágio na evolução de galáxias massivas em que se observa uma formação estelar com idade de centenas de milhões de anos (população post-starburst) simultaneamente a um episódio de atividade nuclear. A presença desta população post-starburst nestes quasares pode ser explicada por um dos seguintes cenários: (1) cessão repentina da atividade nuclear (há centenas de milhões de anos atrás, consistente com a idade da população post-starburst) devido ao feedback do AGN; ou (2) um fluxo de gás em direção ao núcleo dispara a formação estelar na região circumnuclear, a qual cessa devido ao esgotamento do gás é e seguida pela ignição posterior da atividade nuclear. Tendo em vista a ausência de estudos espacialmente resolvidos em PSQs e com a finalidade de distinguir entre esses dois cenários, apresentamos um mapeamento espacial das diferentes componentes da população estelar bem como do gás e sua cinemática para dois PSQs: PSQJ0210-0903 e PSQJ0330-0532. Este mapeamento foi realizado utilizando observações com a unidade de campo integral GMOS-IFU dos telescópios Gemini Norte e Sul. Para o PSQJ0210-0903 encontramos que a população estelar é dominada por estrelas velhas nos 300 pc internos em torno do núcleo, enquanto que a população post-starburst é encontrada desde o núcleo até um anel a 800 pc do núcleo, onde encontramos também grande contribuição ao fluxo ótico de uma população jovem (starburst). Para o PSQJ0330-0532 também encontramos que a população velha domina na região nuclear (dentro dos 260 pc centrais) e que a população post-starburst, juntamente com uma população starburst domina na região circumnuclear. No entanto, no caso do PSQJ0330-0532 não há contribuição da população post-starburst no núcleo, apenas em um semi-anel a cerca de 500 pc do núcleo. A cinemática do gás emissor é semelhante nos dois PSQs e pode ser descrita por uma combinação de rotação e um outow observado dentro dos 300 pc internos, com blueshifts alcançando ≈ 600 kms−1. A partir do fluxo das linhas de emissão, geometria da distribuição do gás emissor e de sua densidade, estimamos a massa de gás bem como a taxa de ejeção do outow. O estudo do PSQJ0210-0903 sugere que tanto o cenário evolutivo como o cenário de interrupção ao da formação estelar são válidos para esta galáxia. Ocorre que a população post-starburst encontra-se tanto na região circumnuclear quanto no núcleo, indicando que não há novos surtos de formação onde há influência do feedback do AGN. A formação estelar, no entanto, seguiu ativa onde não há influência do feedback do AGN. Por outro lado, os resultados para o PSQJ03300532 desfavorecem o cenário de supressão repentina da formação estelar, uma vez que há formação estelar ativa na região de influência feedback do AGN, sem haver, entretanto, população post-starburst. Esta população encontra-se somente a ≈500 pc do núcleo, onde não há influência do feedback do AGN. / Post-Starburst Quasars (PSQs) are hypothesized to represent a stage in the evolution of massive galaxies in which a post-starburst population (age of hundreds of Myr) are observed simultaneously with the nuclear activity. The presence of this population in PSQs can be explained by one of the following scenarios: (1) quenching of the star formation (which occurred hundreds of millions of years ago, consistent with the age of the post-starburst population) due to AGN feedback; or (2) a scenario in which a gas flow towards the nucleus triggers star formation in the circumnuclear region, which ceases due to exhaustion of gas and is followed by the ignition of nuclear activity. Considering the lack of spatially resolved studies of PSQ spectra and in order to distinguish between these two scenarios, we present a spatially resolved mapping of the different components of the stellar population and of the emitting gas flux distribution as well as the kinematics of stars and gas for two PSQs: PSQJ0210-0903 e PSQJ0330-0532. The mapping of these properties was done via observations with the Integral Field Units of the Gemini GMOS instruments. For the PSQJ0210-0903 we found that the stellar population is dominated by old stars in the inner ≈300 pc, while the post-starburst population is distributed from the nucleus up to a ring at ≈ 800 pc from it, where we also find a large contribution of a young (starburst) stellar population to the optical flux. For the PSQJ0330-0532 we also found that the old population dominates the optical flux within the inner 260 pc and that both the post-starburst and the starburst population dominate the circumnuclear region. However, in the case of the PSQJ0330-0532 there is no contribution of the post-starburst population in the nucleus, just in a half-ring at ≈500 pc from the nucleus. The kinematics of the emitting gas is similar in both PSQs and can be described by a combination of rotation and an outflow, observed with blueshifts of up to ≈600 kms−1 in the inner 300 pc. From the emission-line fluxes, the observed geometry for gas distribution and the gas density, we have estimated the mass of ionized gas and the mass outflow rate. Our study of the PSQJ0210-0903 suggests that both the evolutionary and quenching scenarios are supported for this galaxy, as follows. The post-starburst population is found both at the nucleus (within the inner 300 pc) and in the circumnuclear region, while a starburst population is found only in the circumnuclear region. There is thus no further episodes of star formation in the inner 300 pc region where the AGN feedback is observed, what supports the quenching scenario. However, the star formation has remained active in the region where the AGN feedback has no influence. On the other hand, the results for the PSQJ03300532 do not support the quenching scenario, since a young starburst population is observed in the inner 260 pc but no post-starburst population is found in this region, where the AGN feedback is active. A post-starburst population is found only at ≈500 pc from the nucleus, where there is no influence of the AGN feedback.
83

População estelar e cinemática em quasares post-starburst

Sanmartim, David January 2013 (has links)
Quasares Post-Starburst (PSQs) são considerados como um estágio na evolução de galáxias massivas em que se observa uma formação estelar com idade de centenas de milhões de anos (população post-starburst) simultaneamente a um episódio de atividade nuclear. A presença desta população post-starburst nestes quasares pode ser explicada por um dos seguintes cenários: (1) cessão repentina da atividade nuclear (há centenas de milhões de anos atrás, consistente com a idade da população post-starburst) devido ao feedback do AGN; ou (2) um fluxo de gás em direção ao núcleo dispara a formação estelar na região circumnuclear, a qual cessa devido ao esgotamento do gás é e seguida pela ignição posterior da atividade nuclear. Tendo em vista a ausência de estudos espacialmente resolvidos em PSQs e com a finalidade de distinguir entre esses dois cenários, apresentamos um mapeamento espacial das diferentes componentes da população estelar bem como do gás e sua cinemática para dois PSQs: PSQJ0210-0903 e PSQJ0330-0532. Este mapeamento foi realizado utilizando observações com a unidade de campo integral GMOS-IFU dos telescópios Gemini Norte e Sul. Para o PSQJ0210-0903 encontramos que a população estelar é dominada por estrelas velhas nos 300 pc internos em torno do núcleo, enquanto que a população post-starburst é encontrada desde o núcleo até um anel a 800 pc do núcleo, onde encontramos também grande contribuição ao fluxo ótico de uma população jovem (starburst). Para o PSQJ0330-0532 também encontramos que a população velha domina na região nuclear (dentro dos 260 pc centrais) e que a população post-starburst, juntamente com uma população starburst domina na região circumnuclear. No entanto, no caso do PSQJ0330-0532 não há contribuição da população post-starburst no núcleo, apenas em um semi-anel a cerca de 500 pc do núcleo. A cinemática do gás emissor é semelhante nos dois PSQs e pode ser descrita por uma combinação de rotação e um outow observado dentro dos 300 pc internos, com blueshifts alcançando ≈ 600 kms−1. A partir do fluxo das linhas de emissão, geometria da distribuição do gás emissor e de sua densidade, estimamos a massa de gás bem como a taxa de ejeção do outow. O estudo do PSQJ0210-0903 sugere que tanto o cenário evolutivo como o cenário de interrupção ao da formação estelar são válidos para esta galáxia. Ocorre que a população post-starburst encontra-se tanto na região circumnuclear quanto no núcleo, indicando que não há novos surtos de formação onde há influência do feedback do AGN. A formação estelar, no entanto, seguiu ativa onde não há influência do feedback do AGN. Por outro lado, os resultados para o PSQJ03300532 desfavorecem o cenário de supressão repentina da formação estelar, uma vez que há formação estelar ativa na região de influência feedback do AGN, sem haver, entretanto, população post-starburst. Esta população encontra-se somente a ≈500 pc do núcleo, onde não há influência do feedback do AGN. / Post-Starburst Quasars (PSQs) are hypothesized to represent a stage in the evolution of massive galaxies in which a post-starburst population (age of hundreds of Myr) are observed simultaneously with the nuclear activity. The presence of this population in PSQs can be explained by one of the following scenarios: (1) quenching of the star formation (which occurred hundreds of millions of years ago, consistent with the age of the post-starburst population) due to AGN feedback; or (2) a scenario in which a gas flow towards the nucleus triggers star formation in the circumnuclear region, which ceases due to exhaustion of gas and is followed by the ignition of nuclear activity. Considering the lack of spatially resolved studies of PSQ spectra and in order to distinguish between these two scenarios, we present a spatially resolved mapping of the different components of the stellar population and of the emitting gas flux distribution as well as the kinematics of stars and gas for two PSQs: PSQJ0210-0903 e PSQJ0330-0532. The mapping of these properties was done via observations with the Integral Field Units of the Gemini GMOS instruments. For the PSQJ0210-0903 we found that the stellar population is dominated by old stars in the inner ≈300 pc, while the post-starburst population is distributed from the nucleus up to a ring at ≈ 800 pc from it, where we also find a large contribution of a young (starburst) stellar population to the optical flux. For the PSQJ0330-0532 we also found that the old population dominates the optical flux within the inner 260 pc and that both the post-starburst and the starburst population dominate the circumnuclear region. However, in the case of the PSQJ0330-0532 there is no contribution of the post-starburst population in the nucleus, just in a half-ring at ≈500 pc from the nucleus. The kinematics of the emitting gas is similar in both PSQs and can be described by a combination of rotation and an outflow, observed with blueshifts of up to ≈600 kms−1 in the inner 300 pc. From the emission-line fluxes, the observed geometry for gas distribution and the gas density, we have estimated the mass of ionized gas and the mass outflow rate. Our study of the PSQJ0210-0903 suggests that both the evolutionary and quenching scenarios are supported for this galaxy, as follows. The post-starburst population is found both at the nucleus (within the inner 300 pc) and in the circumnuclear region, while a starburst population is found only in the circumnuclear region. There is thus no further episodes of star formation in the inner 300 pc region where the AGN feedback is observed, what supports the quenching scenario. However, the star formation has remained active in the region where the AGN feedback has no influence. On the other hand, the results for the PSQJ03300532 do not support the quenching scenario, since a young starburst population is observed in the inner 260 pc but no post-starburst population is found in this region, where the AGN feedback is active. A post-starburst population is found only at ≈500 pc from the nucleus, where there is no influence of the AGN feedback.
84

População estelar e cinemática em quasares post-starburst

Sanmartim, David January 2013 (has links)
Quasares Post-Starburst (PSQs) são considerados como um estágio na evolução de galáxias massivas em que se observa uma formação estelar com idade de centenas de milhões de anos (população post-starburst) simultaneamente a um episódio de atividade nuclear. A presença desta população post-starburst nestes quasares pode ser explicada por um dos seguintes cenários: (1) cessão repentina da atividade nuclear (há centenas de milhões de anos atrás, consistente com a idade da população post-starburst) devido ao feedback do AGN; ou (2) um fluxo de gás em direção ao núcleo dispara a formação estelar na região circumnuclear, a qual cessa devido ao esgotamento do gás é e seguida pela ignição posterior da atividade nuclear. Tendo em vista a ausência de estudos espacialmente resolvidos em PSQs e com a finalidade de distinguir entre esses dois cenários, apresentamos um mapeamento espacial das diferentes componentes da população estelar bem como do gás e sua cinemática para dois PSQs: PSQJ0210-0903 e PSQJ0330-0532. Este mapeamento foi realizado utilizando observações com a unidade de campo integral GMOS-IFU dos telescópios Gemini Norte e Sul. Para o PSQJ0210-0903 encontramos que a população estelar é dominada por estrelas velhas nos 300 pc internos em torno do núcleo, enquanto que a população post-starburst é encontrada desde o núcleo até um anel a 800 pc do núcleo, onde encontramos também grande contribuição ao fluxo ótico de uma população jovem (starburst). Para o PSQJ0330-0532 também encontramos que a população velha domina na região nuclear (dentro dos 260 pc centrais) e que a população post-starburst, juntamente com uma população starburst domina na região circumnuclear. No entanto, no caso do PSQJ0330-0532 não há contribuição da população post-starburst no núcleo, apenas em um semi-anel a cerca de 500 pc do núcleo. A cinemática do gás emissor é semelhante nos dois PSQs e pode ser descrita por uma combinação de rotação e um outow observado dentro dos 300 pc internos, com blueshifts alcançando ≈ 600 kms−1. A partir do fluxo das linhas de emissão, geometria da distribuição do gás emissor e de sua densidade, estimamos a massa de gás bem como a taxa de ejeção do outow. O estudo do PSQJ0210-0903 sugere que tanto o cenário evolutivo como o cenário de interrupção ao da formação estelar são válidos para esta galáxia. Ocorre que a população post-starburst encontra-se tanto na região circumnuclear quanto no núcleo, indicando que não há novos surtos de formação onde há influência do feedback do AGN. A formação estelar, no entanto, seguiu ativa onde não há influência do feedback do AGN. Por outro lado, os resultados para o PSQJ03300532 desfavorecem o cenário de supressão repentina da formação estelar, uma vez que há formação estelar ativa na região de influência feedback do AGN, sem haver, entretanto, população post-starburst. Esta população encontra-se somente a ≈500 pc do núcleo, onde não há influência do feedback do AGN. / Post-Starburst Quasars (PSQs) are hypothesized to represent a stage in the evolution of massive galaxies in which a post-starburst population (age of hundreds of Myr) are observed simultaneously with the nuclear activity. The presence of this population in PSQs can be explained by one of the following scenarios: (1) quenching of the star formation (which occurred hundreds of millions of years ago, consistent with the age of the post-starburst population) due to AGN feedback; or (2) a scenario in which a gas flow towards the nucleus triggers star formation in the circumnuclear region, which ceases due to exhaustion of gas and is followed by the ignition of nuclear activity. Considering the lack of spatially resolved studies of PSQ spectra and in order to distinguish between these two scenarios, we present a spatially resolved mapping of the different components of the stellar population and of the emitting gas flux distribution as well as the kinematics of stars and gas for two PSQs: PSQJ0210-0903 e PSQJ0330-0532. The mapping of these properties was done via observations with the Integral Field Units of the Gemini GMOS instruments. For the PSQJ0210-0903 we found that the stellar population is dominated by old stars in the inner ≈300 pc, while the post-starburst population is distributed from the nucleus up to a ring at ≈ 800 pc from it, where we also find a large contribution of a young (starburst) stellar population to the optical flux. For the PSQJ0330-0532 we also found that the old population dominates the optical flux within the inner 260 pc and that both the post-starburst and the starburst population dominate the circumnuclear region. However, in the case of the PSQJ0330-0532 there is no contribution of the post-starburst population in the nucleus, just in a half-ring at ≈500 pc from the nucleus. The kinematics of the emitting gas is similar in both PSQs and can be described by a combination of rotation and an outflow, observed with blueshifts of up to ≈600 kms−1 in the inner 300 pc. From the emission-line fluxes, the observed geometry for gas distribution and the gas density, we have estimated the mass of ionized gas and the mass outflow rate. Our study of the PSQJ0210-0903 suggests that both the evolutionary and quenching scenarios are supported for this galaxy, as follows. The post-starburst population is found both at the nucleus (within the inner 300 pc) and in the circumnuclear region, while a starburst population is found only in the circumnuclear region. There is thus no further episodes of star formation in the inner 300 pc region where the AGN feedback is observed, what supports the quenching scenario. However, the star formation has remained active in the region where the AGN feedback has no influence. On the other hand, the results for the PSQJ03300532 do not support the quenching scenario, since a young starburst population is observed in the inner 260 pc but no post-starburst population is found in this region, where the AGN feedback is active. A post-starburst population is found only at ≈500 pc from the nucleus, where there is no influence of the AGN feedback.
85

Composite Spectral Energy Distributions and Infrared–Optical Colors of Type 1 and Type 2 Quasars

Hickox, Ryan C., Myers, Adam D., Greene, Jenny E., Hainline, Kevin N., Zakamska, Nadia L., DiPompeo, Michael A. 30 October 2017 (has links)
We present observed mid-infrared and optical colors and composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of type 1 (broad-line) and 2 (narrow-line) quasars selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopy. A significant fraction of powerful quasars are obscured by dust and are difficult to detect in optical photometric or spectroscopic surveys. However, these may be more easily identified on the basis of mid-infrared (MIR) colors and SEDs. Using samples of SDSS type 1 and 2 matched in redshift and [O III] luminosity, we produce composite rest-frame 0.2-15 mu m SEDs based on SDSS, UKIDSS, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer photometry and perform model fits using simple galaxy and quasar SED templates. The SEDs of type 1 and 2 quasars are remarkably similar, with the differences explained primarily by the extinction of the quasar component in the type 2 systems. For both types of quasar, the flux of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) relative to the host galaxy increases with AGN luminosity (L-[O III]) and redder observed MIR color, but we find only weak dependencies of the composite SEDs on mechanical jet power as determined through radio luminosity. We conclude that luminous quasars can be effectively selected using simple MIR color criteria similar to those identified previously (W1-W2 > 0.7; Vega), although these criteria miss many heavily obscured objects. Obscured quasars can be further identified based on optical-IR colors (for example, (u-W3[AB])> 1.4(W1-W2[Vega])+ 3.2). These results illustrate the power of large statistical studies of obscured quasars selected on the basis of MIR and optical photometry.
86

Monitoreo Óptico de Causares Luminosos de Alto Redshift

Botti Rojas, Ismael Andrés January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
87

A SURVEY OF LUMINOUS HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS WITH SDSS AND WISE . II. THE BRIGHT END OF THE QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT z ∼ 5

Yang, Jinyi, Wang, Feige, Wu, Xue-Bing, Fan, Xiaohui, McGreer, Ian D., Bian, Fuyan, Yi, Weimin, Yang, Qian, Ai, Yanli, Dong, Xiaoyi, Zuo, Wenwen, Green, Richard, Jiang, Linhua, Wang, Shu, Wang, Ran, Yue, Minghao 20 September 2016 (has links)
This is the second paper in a series on a new luminous z similar to 5 quasar survey using optical and near-infrared colors. Here we present a new determination of the bright end of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) at z similar to 5. Combining. our 45 new quasars with previously known quasars that satisfy our selections, we construct the largest uniform luminous z similar to 5 quasar sample to date, with 99 quasars in the range of 4.7 <= z < 5.4 and -29 < M-1450 <= -26.8, within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) footprint. We use a modified 1/V-a method including flux limit correction to derive a binned QLF, and we model the parametric QLF using maximum likelihood estimation. With the faint-end slope of the QLF fixed as alpha = -2.03 from previous deeper samples, the best fit of our QLF gives a flatter bright end slope beta = -3.58 +/- 0.24 and a fainter break magnitude M-1450(*) = -26.98 +/- 0.23 than previous studies at similar redshift. Combined with previous work at lower and higher redshifts, our result is consistent with a luminosity evolution and density evolution model. Using the best-fit QLF, the contribution of quasars to the ionizing background at z similar to 5 is found to be 18%-45% with a clumping factor C of 2-5. Our sample suggests an evolution of radio loud fraction with optical luminosity but no obvious evolution with redshift.
88

Automatic Classification of variable objects in the hits survey and its applicability for intermediate mass black hole search

Martínez Palomera, Jorge Ignacio January 2018 (has links)
Doctor en Ciencias, Mención Astronomía / El Survey de Transientes a Alta Cadencia (HiTS), fue creado con el propósito de descubrir y estudiar objetos transitorios con escalas de tiempo características entre horas y días, tales como, estrellas pulsantes, eclipsantes, explosivas, y variables estocásticas no estelares. Este survey representa una oportunidad única para explorar observaciones con \textit{entendue} grande y cadencias de observación cercanas a $0.1$ días utilizando nuevas herramientas computacionales para el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos. Este trabajo sigue un enfoque de \textit{Ciencia de los Datos}: partiendo desde los datos sin procesar hasta el análisis y clasificación de fuentes variables. Hemos compilado un catálogo de $\sim$14 millones de fuentes detectadas y un catálogo de $\sim$2.5 millones de curvas de luz clasificadas según su variabilidad. La profundidad de observación típica de nuestro survey es de $24.2$, $24.3$, $24.1$ y $23.8$ magnitudes en las bandas \textit{u}, \textit{g}, \textit{r} e \textit{i}, respectivamente. En este trabajo presentamos la primera versión de los catálogos. Clasificamos las fuentes puntuales y estáticas extrayendo primero características de sus curvas de luz y luego aplicando un clasificador Random Forest. Para la clasificación utilizamos un conjunto de entrenamiento construido utilizando una combinación de cros referencia con catálogos públicos, inspección visual, transferencia de aprendizaje/aprendizaje activo, y datos aumentados sintéticamente. El modelo de clasificación consiste en varios clasificadores Random Forest organizados en un esquema jerárquico. La precisión del clasificador estimada en el conjunto de prueba es aproximadamente $97\%$. En los datos no etiquetados, $3\,485$ fuentes se clasificaron como variables, de las cuales $1\,321$ se clasificaron como periódicas. Los agujeros negros de masa intermedia (IMBH) ($ M_{BH}$$\sim$$10^{2-5} M_\odot$) son claves para el entendimiento de la formación de agujeros negros (BH) masivos. La población actual conocida de IMBH es pequeña, con algunos cientos de candidatos y solo unos pocos de ellos con una caracterización segura. En este trabajo proponemos una nueva metodología para seleccionar candidatos a IMBH utilizando análisis de variabilidad. Nuestro método de selección se centra en la variabilidad en la región nuclear de galaxias locales. IMBH activos acretando materia a bajas tasas muestran variabilidad a pequeñas amplitudes y en escalas de tiempo de horas. HiTS presenta una oportunidad única para realizar este tipo de búsqueda. Encontramos $\sim$500 galaxias que evidencian este tipo de variabilidad. Estimamos una fracción de ocupación del $4\%$ y una densidad de número superficial de $3$ grados$^{-2}$. Esto representa un aumento en un factor 40 en comparación con búsquedas anteriores basadas en técnicas espectrales. Nuestro método proporciona núcleos variables de galaxias que son candidatos para alojar IMBHs. Sin embargo, no se puede estimar la masa del BH a partir de nuestros datos. Para esto necesitaremos observaciones en rayos X y radio para confirmar la naturaleza AGN de nuestras fuentes y poder estimar su masa utilizando el plano fundamental de BH activos. / Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por Conicyt, DAS, NLHPC, CMM & MAS
89

Probing the Size of Low-Redshift Lyα Absorbers

Rosenberg, Jessica L., Ganguly, Rajib, Giroux, Mark L., Stocke, John T. 10 July 2003 (has links)
The 3C 273 and RX J1230.8+0115 sight lines probe the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster at physical separations between the sight lines of 200 and 500 h70-1 kpc. We present an analysis of available Hubble Space Telescope STIS echelle and Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) UV spectroscopy of RX J1230.8+ 0115, in which we detect five Lyα absorbers at Virgo distances. One of these absorbers is a blend of two strong metal-line absorbers at a recession velocity coincident with the highest neutral hydrogen column density absorber in the 3C 273 sight line, ∼350 h70-1 kpc away. The consistency of the metal-line column density ratios in the RX J1230.8+0115 sight line allows us to determine the ionization mechanism (photoionization) for these absorbers. While the low signal-to-noise ratio of the FUSE spectrum limits our ability to model the neutral hydrogen column density of these absorbers precisely, we are able to constrain them to be in the range 1016-1017 cm -2. The properties of these absorbers are similar to those obtained for the nearby 3C 273 absorber studied by Tripp and collaborators. However, the inferred line-of-sight size for the 3C 273 absorber is only 70 pc, much smaller than those inferred in RX J1230.8+0115, which are 10-30 h70-1 kpc. The small sizes of all three absorbers are at odds with the ≥ 350 h70-1 kpc minimum transverse size implied by an application of the standard QSO line-pair analysis. On the basis of absorber associations between these two sight lines we conclude that a large-scale structure filament produces a correlated, not contiguous, gaseous structure in this region of the Virgo Supercluster. These data may indicate that we are detecting overdensities in the large-scale structure filaments in this region. Alternatively, the presence of a galaxy 71 h70-1 kpc from a 3C 273 absorber may indicate that we have probed outflowing, starburst-driven shells of gas associated with nearby galaxies.
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The Hot Intergalactic Medium-Galaxy Connection: Two Strong O VI Absorbers in the Sight Line Toward PG 1211+143

Tumlinson, Jason, Shull, J. Michael, Giroux, Mark L., Stocke, John T. 10 February 2005 (has links)
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) spectra of the QSO PG 1211+143 (zem = 0.081) and a galaxy survey of the surrounding field. This sight line shows two strong intergalactic absorption systems at cz ≃ 15,300 and 19,300 km s-1. This sight line addresses the nature and origin of the O VI absorbers and their connection to galaxies. We explore the relationship of these absorbers to the nearby galaxies and compare them to other O VI-bearing absorbers in diverse environments. At 15,300 km s-1, we find four distinct H I components and associated C II, C III, C IV, Si II, Si III, Si IV, N V, and O VI, lying near a spiral-dominated galaxy group with a bright member galaxy 137 h 70-1 kpc from the sight line. The observed ions of C, Si, and N are likely to be photoionized, but the O VI is more consistent with collisional ionization. The ion ratios in this absorber resemble the highly ionized Galactic high-velocity clouds (HVCs); it may also trace the hot intragroup medium gas or the unbound wind of an undiscovered dwarf galaxy. At 19,300 km s-1, we find five H I components and associated C III, Si III, and collisionally ionized O VI lying 146 h70-1 kpc from an isolated galaxy. The properties of the O VI-bearing gas are consistent with an origin in strong shocks between low-metallicity gas (≥2%-6% solar) and one or more of the warm photoionized components. It is likely that these absorbers are related to the nearby galaxies, perhaps by outflows or gas stripped from unseen satellite galaxies by interactions. However, we cannot reject completely the hypothesis that they reside in the same large-scale structure in which the galaxies are embedded but are otherwise not directly related.

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