The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of developing hypertension after a given age in the Province of Quebec. An administrative database was used to form a cohort of 20,000 subjects selected in 1987 from a random sample of individuals aged 45 or older, living in the Province of Quebec. These individuals were followed from 1986 to 2003. Incident cases of essential hypertension were selected on the basis of an outpatient diagnosis of hypertension. The Framingham approach was used to calculate incidence rate. The incidence of hypertension in the Quebec cohort was 22 per 1,000 person-years for men and 31 per 1,000 person-years for women; it was higher for women for all the age groups under study. The lifetime risk of developing hypertension for subjects who attained the age of 46 free of hypertension in the Quebec cohort was 66%; this was 20% higher for women than for men (72% compared with 59%). In the Quebec cohort, the incidence of hypertension is very high particularly for women. The data provide evidence that, in Quebec, detection of hypertension is to be maximized, for both men and women.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/12/05). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) in History--University of Maine, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-327).

In the second half of the nineteenth century the province of Quebec was the centre of a series of politico-religious controversies. Some of these clashes were the result of friction within the Roman Catholic Church, others resulted from conflicts between Church and State. Basically, however, all of them stemmed from one common root - a conflict of two ideologies. In one camp were the traditionalists, the upholders of the status quo, in the other the liberals and progressives. Each camp had its extreme and moderate factions. In this thesis three of the most characteristic clashes between the two ideologies have been described and analyzed. An attempt has been made to trace all three of them to one common denominator. In the controversy around the Institut Canadien and in the Guibord case, it has been shown how an originally unimportant controversy over the religious orthodoxy of a literary institution gradually developed into a major conflict between Church and State. The rise and fall of the Institut Canadien have been described and so have been the court proceedings in all four instances in the famous Guibord case. Conclusions as to the definition of relationship between Church and State have been drawn from the verdicts by the courts. The second case of friction has been presented as one of a conflict within the Church. The quarrel between the Laval University and the Ecole de Médecine et de chlrurgle de Montréal has been chosen as being characteristic of internal dissension within the Quebec hierarchy. The episcopate, while united in its struggle against the authority of the State, was in itself divided into an extreme and a moderate faction. The role of Rome in the conflict has been emphasized and the attitude of the extremists has been criticized. The third and last chapter of the thesis involves a description and analysis of a series of electoral contests. It has been attempted to present these contests as a desperate but ultimately successful struggle of the Liberals to escape clerical control in Roman Catholic constituencies. The participation of numerous priests in the electoral campaigns has been brought out and the question has been posed whether or not their activities constituted "undue influence". A series of court decisions have been invoked in answer to the problem. It has been seen that, by appealing to the civil courts, the Liberals finally escaped clerical proscription. In the conclusion it has been shown that in, all three cases of conflict, the moderate faction ultimately was victorious. The possibility has been hinted that a victory for the extreme camp might have brought about the formation of a Catholic party in both Quebec and Ottawa with the necessary result of the formation of a Protestant counterpart. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

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To compare health care use from neonatal discharge to 18 months corrected age of two groups of extremely preterm children (< 26 vs. 26-29 weeks of gestation), we used a province-wide database containing neonatal and follow-up data on 254 infants (77% of survivors) born at < 29 weeks of gestation and cared for at 3/6 neonatal units in Quebec in 2003-2004. Neonatal data were abstracted from medical records by trained personnel. At 18 months corrected age, neurodevelopmental status was assessed by psychologists and paediatricians. Data on health care use were collected from charts and parent interviews. Descriptive statistics are provided and logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate perinatal and social determinants of re-hospitalization and frequent use of health services resources. Results show that 57% of infants born at < 26 weeks (n=49) and 49% of those born at 26-29 weeks (n=205) were re-hospitalized, mostly for respiratory illness. Both groups used a significant amount of health resources: 61% vs. 59%, respectively, received physical or occupational therapy, 29% vs. 17%, respectively, required long-term rehabilitation, 38% vs. 28%, respectively, used prescribed medication, and 59% vs. 33%, respectively, required home medical equipment (home oxygen, apnea monitors, orthopaedic devices and visual aids). Risk of re-hospitalization was associated with severe brain injury, use of an apnea monitor, and older age at neonatal discharge. Multiple birth, severe brain injury, suspected neonatal sepsis, and single-parent household were independently associated with the risk of using health care services above average. These results highlight the importance of resource allocation to preterm infants for medical and rehabilitation services after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.