O presente memorial consta de uma reflexão sobre o processo de composição do ciclo de peças intitulado Fragmomento, acompanhado de partituras das peças e registro audiovisual. A reflexão sobre a composição do ciclo enfatiza a utilização de citações de músicas de outros compositores como ferramenta de composição. São explicitadas no trabalho as motivações para a utilização de citações no ciclo, que surgem da experiência musical do autor e de reflexões sobre o referencial teórico empregado na composição. O gerenciamento do tempo de cada peça é outro elemento central abordado no memorial, desde o planejamento de cada peça à forma final. / This work presents an essay about the compositional process of Fragmomento cycle of pieces, the score of the cycle and the recording of the concerto in DVD and CD. The essay is focused on the utilization of quotations in the pieces as a compositional tool. The work describes the motivations that led to the utilization of quotations, which has its foundations in the life experience of the author and the theoretical basis used in the work. The control of the time in the composition is also described in the work, from the beginning to the end of the compositional process.

It's generally assumed that a compositional semantic theory will have to recognise a semantic category of expressions which serve simply to pick out some one object: e-type expressions. Kripke's views about names (Kripke, 1980), Kaplan's about indexicals and demonstratives (Kaplan, 1989), the standard Tarskian semantics for bound variables (Tarski, 1956), Heim and Kratzer's Strawsonian view about definites (Heim and Kratzer, 1998), even an (admittedly somewhat unpopular) analysis of indefinites (namely Fodor and Sag, 1982), assume as much. In this thesis, I argue that recent advances in the semantics of names and of quotation, and in metaphysics, give good reason to doubt there is such a category. I do so in two parts. In the first part, comprising about two thirds of the thesis, I combine two recent views, one from semantics and one from metaphysics. From semantics, I take over predicativism about names, the view, as one might have guessed, that names are predicates. From metaphysics, I take over the doctrine that there are temporal parts. Putting them together, I hold that the semantic contribution of the name 'Joan', in a sentence like 'Joan is a barrister', is a predicate, and in particular (and somewhat roughly) a predicate the extension of which is Joan's temporal parts. Names are not, as is commonly thought, e-type expressions. In the second part, building on the first, I further undermine the existence of a semantically important category of e-type expressions by arguing that a construction which might be thought to mandate such a category, namely de re attitude ascriptions, in fact, when properly analysed, does not do so. I argue this by considering the nature of transparent occurrences of expressions in opaque contexts in general, and in particular by considering the phenomenon of mixed quotation. I present a new theory of it, and show how it can be parlayed into a new Fregean theory of de re attitude ascriptions. The thesis overall, then, will provide strong evidence against the semantic importance of e-type expressions either in language, or in (our reporting of) thought.

O presente memorial consta de uma reflexão sobre o processo de composição do ciclo de peças intitulado Fragmomento, acompanhado de partituras das peças e registro audiovisual. A reflexão sobre a composição do ciclo enfatiza a utilização de citações de músicas de outros compositores como ferramenta de composição. São explicitadas no trabalho as motivações para a utilização de citações no ciclo, que surgem da experiência musical do autor e de reflexões sobre o referencial teórico empregado na composição. O gerenciamento do tempo de cada peça é outro elemento central abordado no memorial, desde o planejamento de cada peça à forma final. / This work presents an essay about the compositional process of Fragmomento cycle of pieces, the score of the cycle and the recording of the concerto in DVD and CD. The essay is focused on the utilization of quotations in the pieces as a compositional tool. The work describes the motivations that led to the utilization of quotations, which has its foundations in the life experience of the author and the theoretical basis used in the work. The control of the time in the composition is also described in the work, from the beginning to the end of the compositional process.

O presente memorial consta de uma reflexão sobre o processo de composição do ciclo de peças intitulado Fragmomento, acompanhado de partituras das peças e registro audiovisual. A reflexão sobre a composição do ciclo enfatiza a utilização de citações de músicas de outros compositores como ferramenta de composição. São explicitadas no trabalho as motivações para a utilização de citações no ciclo, que surgem da experiência musical do autor e de reflexões sobre o referencial teórico empregado na composição. O gerenciamento do tempo de cada peça é outro elemento central abordado no memorial, desde o planejamento de cada peça à forma final. / This work presents an essay about the compositional process of Fragmomento cycle of pieces, the score of the cycle and the recording of the concerto in DVD and CD. The essay is focused on the utilization of quotations in the pieces as a compositional tool. The work describes the motivations that led to the utilization of quotations, which has its foundations in the life experience of the author and the theoretical basis used in the work. The control of the time in the composition is also described in the work, from the beginning to the end of the compositional process.

Our society is overwhelmed with an ever growing amount of information. Effective management of this information requires novel ways to filter and select the most relevant pieces of information. Some of this information can be associated with the source or sources expressing it. Sources and their relation to what they express affect information and whether we perceive it as relevant, biased or truthful. In news texts in particular, it is common practice to report third-party statements and opinions. Recognizing relations of attribution is therefore a necessary step toward detecting statements and opinions of specific sources and selecting and evaluating information on the basis of its source. The automatic identification of Attribution Relations has applications in numerous research areas. Quotation and opinion extraction, discourse and factuality have all partly addressed the annotation and identification of Attribution Relations. However, disjoint efforts have provided a partial and partly inaccurate picture of attribution. Moreover, these research efforts have generated small or incomplete resources, thus limiting the applicability of machine learning approaches. Existing approaches to extract Attribution Relations have focused on rule-based models, which are limited both in coverage and precision. This thesis presents a computational approach to attribution that recasts attribution extraction as the identification of the attributed text, its source and the lexical cue linking them in a relation. Drawing on preliminary data-driven investigation, I present a comprehensive lexicalised approach to attribution and further refine and test a previously defined annotation scheme. The scheme has been used to create a corpus annotated with Attribution Relations, with the goal of contributing a large and complete resource than can lay the foundations for future attribution studies. Based on this resource, I developed a system for the automatic extraction of attribution relations that surpasses traditional syntactic pattern-based approaches. The system is a pipeline of classification and sequence labelling models that identify and link each of the components of an attribution relation. The results show concrete opportunities for attribution-based applications.

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No presente trabalho são analisadas as citações de Píndaro (e menções ao poeta) supérstites em Platão. O estudo dessas citações é uma das chaves para a compreensão da relação do filósofo com a poesia. Os principais diálogos, nos quais são encontradas as referências ao poeta, são a República, o Mênon e o Górgias. A utilização de um texto em um contexto diferente já é uma interpretação daquele texto. Os versos pindáricos são analisados no contexto do diálogo, a fim de ser compreendida a função específica da citação e a interpretação que o filósofo apresenta do texto poético. / The present work analyses the quotes from Pindar (and references to the poet) that survive in Plato. The study of these quotations is one of the keys to understanding the relationship of the philosopher with the poetry. The main dialogues in which the references to the poet are found are the Republic, Meno and Gorgias. The use of a text in a different context is already an interpretation of that text. The verses of Pindar are analysed in the context of the dialogue, so that the specific function of the quotation and the philosopher\'s interpretation of the poetic text may be understood.

No presente trabalho são analisadas as citações de Píndaro (e menções ao poeta) supérstites em Platão. O estudo dessas citações é uma das chaves para a compreensão da relação do filósofo com a poesia. Os principais diálogos, nos quais são encontradas as referências ao poeta, são a República, o Mênon e o Górgias. A utilização de um texto em um contexto diferente já é uma interpretação daquele texto. Os versos pindáricos são analisados no contexto do diálogo, a fim de ser compreendida a função específica da citação e a interpretação que o filósofo apresenta do texto poético. / The present work analyses the quotes from Pindar (and references to the poet) that survive in Plato. The study of these quotations is one of the keys to understanding the relationship of the philosopher with the poetry. The main dialogues in which the references to the poet are found are the Republic, Meno and Gorgias. The use of a text in a different context is already an interpretation of that text. The verses of Pindar are analysed in the context of the dialogue, so that the specific function of the quotation and the philosopher\'s interpretation of the poetic text may be understood.

This thesis studies a single item periodic review inventory problem with stochastic demand, random price and quotation cost. It differs from the traditional inventory model in that at the beginning of each period, a decision is made whether to pay the quotation cost to get the price information. If it is decided to request a price quote then the next decision is on how many units to order; otherwise, there will be no order. An (r, S1, S2) policy with r < S2, S1 <= S2 is proposed for the problem with two prices. It prescribes that when the inventory is less than or equal to r, the price quotation is requested; if the higher price is quoted, then order up to S1, otherwise to S2. There are two cases, r < S1 or S1 <= r. In the first case, every time the price is quoted, an order is placed. It is a single reorder point two order-up-to levels policy that can be considered as an extension of the (s, S) policy. In the second case, S1 <= r, it is possible to “request a quote but not buy” if the quoted price is not favorable when the inventory is between S1 and r. Two total cost functions are derived for the cases r < S1 <= S2 and S1 <= r < S2 respectively. Then optimization algorithms are devised based on the properties of the cost functions and tested in numerical study. The algorithms successfully find the optimal policies in all of the 135 test cases. Compared to the exhaustive search, the running time of the optimization algorithm is reduced significantly. The numerical study shows that the optimal (r, S1, S2) policy can save up to 50% by ordering up to different levels for different prices, compared to the optimal (s, S) policy. It also reveals that in some cases it is optimal to search price speculatively, that is with S1 < r, to request a quote but only place an order when the lower price is realized, when the inventory level is between S1 and r.