Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05407.pdf: 4903042 bytes, checksum: 419915481d530053b3055a4afa7c0e1f (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Current trends in participative democracy suggest that the use of stakeholder involvement in decision making will increase in the next decade and beyond. The evolution towards stakeholder involvement is driven mainly by stakeholders’ expectation to participate in decision making on issues that affect them. The current view of international radiation protection organisations is that the stakeholders have a right to participate in decision making, but the changes to the current system of radiation protection decision making will only occur slowly through build up of positive experiences and appreciation of benefits provided by stakeholder involvement.The benefits of stakeholder involvement have already been observed in decision making in issues ranging from new nuclear build to dealing with radiological emergencies, but unsuccessful stakeholder involvement programmes have also been observed. In order to integrate stakeholder involvement further into radiation protection decision making it is important to incorporate and implement lessons learnt from both successful and unsuccessful stakeholder programmes, and understand when stakeholder involvement can be applied. My research into clearance of low radioactivity materials shows that stakeholder involvement can be applied in planned exposure situations as defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Involvement of stakeholders in planned exposure situation decision making should, however, be limited to issues with high level of reputation risk or wide ranging impacts of multiple stakeholder groups.To assess whether stakeholder involvement can be applied in the other exposure situations defined by the ICRP as emergency and existing exposure situations, the other part of my research focused on radiological emergencies. The research demonstrated that stakeholder aided decision making already has a place in solving cooperative problems of emergency management, but there is still further scope to apply stakeholder involvement in coordination of emergency management. The research shows that there is scope to integrate stakeholder involvement further into radiation protection decision making, but this must be done in a planned and organised manner.

No description available.

No description available.

Syftet. Att kartlägga följsamhet till användning av strålskydd bland perioperativ personal. Bakgrund. Sjuksköterskan ska arbeta förebyggande för att värna om sin egen, kollegor och patienters hälsa. På operationsavdelningen förekommer genomlysning vid operationsingrepp. Forskning har visat att röntgenstrålning är skadligt och riktlinjer finns som beskriver hur personal ska arbeta strålsäkert. Få studier har hittats som visar huruvida personalen följer riktlinjer. Metod. Studien är en tvärsnittsstudie och en enkät delades ut under oktober 2015 till perioperativ personal (n=69) vid två sjukhus i övre Norrland. Deltagarna arbetade som operationssjuksköterskor, anestesisjuksköterskor och undersköterskor samt deltog vid operationsingrepp där genomlysning förekom. Enkäten bestod av 16 frågor med både slutna och öppna svarsalternativ. Data analyserades med statistikprogrammet SPSS 23.0. Chi-två test och Fisher’s exakta test användes för att testa skillnader mellan professioner. Resultat. Majoriteten av deltagarna skattade att de ofta/alltid använde röntgenförkläde vid genomlysning. Ingen signifikant skillnad i användandet av röntgenförkläde eller halskrage fanns mellan professionerna. Däremot fanns en signifikant skillnad i hur professionerna rapporterade att de skyddade sig vid olika operationsingrepp. Flertalet av deltagarna ansåg sig ha goda kunskaper kring strålskydd men mer än hälften önskade ändå mer utbildning. Slutsats. Genom preventivt arbete så som återkommande utbildning om strålskydd och strålningens risker kan den perioperativa personalen minska risken att drabbas av ohälsa. Resultatet i föreliggande studie visar att området behöver utforskas mer och instrumentet kan användas vid en nationell undersökning. / Aims. Investigate the compliance with the use of radiation protection among perioperative personnel. Background. In the operating theatre interventions occurs in surgical procedures. Research has shown that X-ray radiation is harmful and there are guidelines describing how personnel should work for radiation safety. Few studies where found that shows whether personnel complies with the guidelines. Methods. The study is a cross-sectional study and a questionnaire was distributed in October 2015 to the perioperative personnel (n=69) working at two hospitals in Northern Sweden. Participants worked as theatre nurses, nurse anesthetists and enrolled nurse, and participated in surgical procedures where fluoroscopy occurred. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions with both closed and open response options. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test was used for testing differences between professions. Results. The majority of participants reported that they often/ always used the apron during fluoroscopy. No significant difference in the use of apron and thyroid shield was found between professions. Significant difference was found in how the professions reported that they protect themselves at different surgical procedures. The majority of the participants reported good knowledge about radiation protection but still more than half wanted more education. Conclusion. Preventive work as recurrent education about radiation protection and radiation risks may reduce the risk of illness among perioperative staff. Results from the present study shows that the area needs to be explored more and this instrument can be used for a national survey.

In my thesis I deal with ionizing radiation, its origin, its effects and principles. I also deal with radiation protection and its principles, medical exposure and pediatric radiodiagnostics in terms of imaging methods and specifics of radiation protection in paediatrics. And whether all the methods used to reduce radiation exposure in children undergoing ionizing radiation are used. Part of the work is also devoted to the way of communication in this area and awareness, whether it is paid enough attention or this area is neglected in the Czech Republic.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Der Einfluss der direkten Sonnenstrahlung kann trotz Strahlungsschutz und Ventilation zu deutlichen Fehlern bei der Bestimmung der Lufttemperatur führen. Zur Verringerung des Strahlungsfehlers in einer ventilierten Hütte wurde um die Temperatur- und Feuchtesensoren doppelte Strahlungsschutzrohre angebracht. Vergleichsexperimente haben gezeigt, dass damit ein wesentlich besserer Schutz vor der direkten Sonnenstrahlung erreicht wurde. / The influence of direct solar radiation and – despite a radiation shelter and sufficient ventilation – may cause an overestimation of the air temperature. To reduce the influence of the direct radiation, a double radiation protection tube was mounted around the temperature sensor. A cross validation has demonstrated, that consequently a much better radiation protection was realized.