Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 21, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): David Tucker. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-125). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.C.L.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1987. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82).

Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Göttingen, 1994. / Notes bibliogr. Index.

Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Bern, 1990. / Notes bibliogr. Index.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, millions of Americans suffered from long term unemployment and subsistence poverty while the federal government's New Deal attempted to address the problems of poverty. But the rural poor were affected by a kind of chronic poverty that would prove more difficult to address with government-run relief efforts. Because traditional methods of relief from poverty were embedded in the socioeconomic culture of rural America, it was not always possible to apply the same federal relief methods in the countryside as in the urban areas of the nation. The rural poor stood to benefit from modern social relief services and, for a brief period, it seemed as if those services would become available for their benefit. However, as I argue in this dissertation, economic conservatism hindered the potential effectiveness of the two-year federal emergency relief program. From 1933 to 1935, the United States federal government backed the unprecedented expenditure of billions of dollars in direct emergency relief. Abiding the advice of prominent social workers, the government created an emergency relief program to address the alarming needs of impoverished Americans. These programs affected those who suffered the effects of long term unemployment and those trapped in rural poverty. The federal government created social welfare policies that had the power to ease the misery of those forced to subsist at the bottom. Government benefits and impoverished beneficiaries met through social work. For a brief span of time, the New Deal emergency relief period of early 1933 to mid-1935 offered an opportunity for social workers to promote a nationalized system of social welfare. This is an understudied aspect of American history, and is the focus of this dissertation.

abstract: ABSTRACT The purpose of involvement of Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) in armed conflict resolution is to help to keep peace, protect innocent people, contribute to relief operations, to advocate, assist in the reconstruction and development programs. This action is always carried out through the NGOs grassroots mediation processes. This study investigates the prospective of implementing humanitarian programs to help and care for the young war child survivors of the 1991 to 2001 civil wars in Sierra Leone. To explore the intervention of the NGOs activities in the civil wars in Sierra Leone, I examined three NGOs and one governmental institution as case study organizations. The NGOs include 1) UNICEF, 2) World Vision, 3) Plan International and 4) the Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender, and Childrens’ Affair (MSWGCA) as government agency. The research investigates the NGOs and MSWGC’s specific services provided to children during and after the war in Sierra Leone. The specific services include: 1) the NGOs’ implementing policies, 2) who got served and under what conditions, 3) what models of services do they use, 4) what kind of government policies were put in place, 5) what were the challenges they faced, and 6) what were their strategies during and after the civil war in Sierra Leone. There were also ten Adult Survivors of Childhood Exposure to War (ASCEW) members interviewed to balance the NGOs’ claims. Based on my literature review and findings on ASCEW, I make my recommendations to allow the organizations to move forward with their humanitarian operations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Justice and Human Rights 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 demarqui_en_me_prud.pdf: 4998562 bytes, checksum: 5482d66ba7d8db635205618558aeb138 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia monoscópica para a determinação automática da altura de edifícios em fotografias aéreas digitais, baseando-se no deslocamento radial dos pontos projetados no plano imagem e na geometria formada no momento de obtenção da fotografia aérea. O conhecimento da altura de edifícios pode ser utilizado para a modelagem da superfície em áreas urbanas, estudos para a instalação de antenas de transmissão de sinais, planejamento de rotas para aeronaves, geração de true-orthophoto etc.. A metodologia emprega um conjunto de etapas para a detecção das bordas dispostas radialmente em relação ao sistema de coordenadas fotogramétrico, sendo que estas bordas representam as arestas laterais dos edifícios registradas na fotografia. Na primeira etapa realiza-se a redução do espaço de busca através da detecção das sombras projetadas pelos edifícios, gerando sub-imagens das áreas no entorno de cada sombra detectada. Na seqüência, é realizada a extração de bordas e conexão dos pixels destas sub-imagens. As bordas são analisadas individualmente para identificar qual par, dentre os pontos que compõem a borda, melhor corresponde aos extremos da aresta lateral do edifício. Os critérios utilizados para a seleção dos pares de pontos são os seguintes: análise do coeficiente linear da equação da reta formada pelo par de pontos; distância entre os pontos; e grau de sobreposição com a borda rotulada. Deste modo, a partir da seleção das arestas laterais, assim como o conhecimento da altura de vôo, são calculadas as alturas destes edifícios. Os resultados alcançados nos testes realizados com imagens reais se mostraram promissores para a identificação das arestas e cálculo da altura de edifícios. / This work proposes an automatic extraction of buildings height in digital images through a monoscopic methodology. Surface modeling of urban areas planning of aircraft routes, true-orthophoto and so on, can be performed by knowing the buildings heights. In photographs taken from an aircraft the buildings edges appear as radial lines due to the relief displacement, which occurs radially from the principal point. The first step of the methodology consists on the sub-images creation with the aim to reduce the search space on image. Thus, its used a shadows extraction procedure, by selecting only those with the biggest area (projected at ground) according to threshold. The edge extraction and pixels connection are performed for each sub-image produced and analyzed individually in order to identify if they belong to a building. The adopted criteria are based on the linear coefficient of straight line, the distance and the overlapping degree with regard to the labeled edge. With the lateral edges selected and the knowledge of the flight height, the buildings heights can be calculated. The experimental results obtained with real images show that the proposed approach is suitable to perform the automatic identification of the buildings height in digital images.

Submitted by Carlos Alberto Araujo Campos Campos (carloscampos@geografia.uftm.edu.br) on 2017-08-21T10:55:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Carlos_Alberto_Araujo_Campos.pdf: 7726332 bytes, checksum: cc8e3b7058c2b0eb5a0d864e71520509 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-23T19:54:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_caa_dr_jabo.pdf: 7726332 bytes, checksum: cc8e3b7058c2b0eb5a0d864e71520509 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T19:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_caa_dr_jabo.pdf: 7726332 bytes, checksum: cc8e3b7058c2b0eb5a0d864e71520509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-25 / Os aspectos pertinentes ao uso dos recursos ofertados pelo meio natural têm sido alvo de diferentes abordagens, seja pela necessidade de aproveitamento ou pelas limitações à sua captação pelo homem. Sendo os elementos que compõem o meio físico passiveis de análises mais apuradas quanto ao seu manuseio, envolvendo técnicas que reduzam os impactos gerados pela sua exploração direta e indireta. A espacialização das informações obtidas de forma direta ou indireta, acerca dos recursos ofertados pelo meio físico, representa uma possibilidade de interação entre as fontes fornecedoras de recursos naturais e sua localização, sendo essa passível de ser mapeada e circunscrita na superfície terrestre. Essa espacialização gera uma poderosa ferramenta de gestão e planejamento das atividades antrópicas. A delimitação de compartimentos da paisagem a partir de unidades do modelado do relevo apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto as estabilidades dos compartimentos analisados. Assim, a delimitação de compartimentos da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Santa Gertrudes que se localiza entre os munícipios de Uberaba e Veríssimo, na região do Triângulo Mineiro no estado de Minas Gerais, com 321 Km2 de área e é tributária da margem direita do rio Uberaba, teve como proposta buscar, analisar e compreender a dinâmica interna da mesma e suas alterações em função da ocupação antrópica e das atividades decorrentes dessa forma de ocupação. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi determinar compartimentos da paisagem a partir do mapeamento de unidades do modelado do relevo. Os compartimentos subsidiaram a elaboração dos mapeamentos de áreas com fragilidades e potencialidades ambientais. Para tanto, foram elaborados mapas geológicos, geomorfológicos, de declividades e usos dos solos, realizados testes de infiltração e análise granulométrica dos solos. Com o uso do sistema de informações geográficas, as informações foram espacializadas em mapas temáticos e o cruzamento dos mesmos dentro de um sistema de multicritérios, permitiu a elaboração dos mapas de potencialidades e fragilidades ambientais. O uso de compartimentos da paisagem a partir de unidades do modelado do relevo, permitiu a elaboração de uma matriz ambiental para o uso dos solos, apontando suas potencialidades e fragilidades de ocupação. Os resultados foram bem satisfatórios no que tange ao diagnóstico da bacia hidrográfica, que permitiu uma visão mais pontual e espacialização de informações, acerca do que ocorre em seu interior. Esse entendimento do comportamento natural de uma bacia hidrográfica, gera parâmetros comparativos, para entendimento das alterações que a sua ocupação pode levar, seja nos aspectos relacionados aos solos e seus usos, vegetação, escoamento superficial, contaminação dos solos e corpos hídricos superficiais e subsuperficiais. / Relevant aspects of the use of resources offered by the natural environment have been the subject of different approaches, either the need for exploitation or the limitations of uptake by man. The elements that compound the physical environment are subject of more accurate analysis regarding handling, involving techniques that reduce the impacts generated by your direct and indirect exploitation. The spatialization of information obtained directly or indirectly about the resources offered by the physical environment, what represents a possibility of interaction between the natural resources sources and location to be mapped and circumscribed on the Earth's surface. This spatialization generates a powerful management and planning tool of human activities. The Santa Gertrudes Creek watershed is located between the municipalities of Uberaba and Veríssimo, in the State of Minas Gerais, with 321 Km2 of area and is a right tributary of Uberaba River. It was proposed to search, analyze and understand the internal dynamics of the watershed and its changes as a function of human occupation and activities resulting from this form of occupation. The use of landscapes compartments from relief units enabled the development of an environmental matrix for land use, pointing potentialities and weaknesses. The aim of this work was the preparation of landscape compartments from the mapping of relief units, what subsidized the elaboration of maps of environmental potentialities and weaknesses for the watershed under study. To do so, maps of geology, slope, geomorphology, and land use have been drawn up and infiltration tests and particle size analysis of soils were performed. It is worth noting, that by using a geographic information system, the information was spatialized in thematic maps and the crossing of them within a multicriteria system allowed the elaboration of maps of environmental potentialities and weaknesses. The results were quite satisfactory with regard to the diagnosis of the watershed, which allowed a more punctual visualization and spatialization of information about what occurs in the area. This understanding of the natural behavior of a watershed generates comparative parameters for understanding the changes that human occupation can take in aspects related to soils, vegetation, runoff, soil contamination and surface and sub-surface water bodies.

Esta pesquisa consistiu na análise geomorfológica e em um conjunto de levantamentos dos aspectos físicos da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Balainho. O trabalho baseou-se no mapeamento morfométrico e morfográfico, além de observações de campo para o levantamento das características morfológicas da referida bacia. Os dados coletados visaram também estabelecer as características morfoestruturais e morfoesculturais, a fim de indicar áreas com maior potencialidade a processos denudativos. Para tal, optou-se pela utilização de cartografia geomorfológica de detalhe (1: 25.000) por meio da fotointerpretação de fotografias aéreas e de técnicas de mapeamento (morfografia) apresentadas por Tricart (1965) e Verstappen e Zuidam (1975). Quanto às técnicas na confecção das cartas morfométricas, estas se basearam nos apontamentos de Spiridonov (1981), Cunha, Mendes e Sanches (2003). As modificações morfológicas observadas, sobretudo os processos lineares de erosão foram associados a causas distintas em cada setor compartimentado da bacia (alta, média e baixa bacia), devido a características geológicas, morfológicas, pedológicas, de cobertura superficial e de usos distintos do solo. / This research is consisted of a set of data about the physical aspects of the Ribeirão Balainhos drainage basin. The study is based on morphometric and morphografic mapping and on field observations for the attainment of morphological characterization of the drainage basin. The data collected aimed to determine the morphostructural and morphosculpture characteristics, with the goal of point the areas with higher risks to suffer denudation process. For this, it was chosen the detailed geomorphological cartography (1:25.000), by the photointerpretation of aerial photographs and mapping technics (morphography), given by Tricart (1965) and Verstappen and Zuidam (1975). By the technics used in creation of the morphometrics charts, they were based on Spirodonov (1981), Cunha, Mendes and Sanches (2003) notes. The morphological changes viewed, especially the linear erosions processes, were associated to different reasons in each sector compartmented of the basin (upper, middle and lower), due the geological, morphological, pedological, surface coverage soil and land uses characteristics.