L’art de Rembrandt, s’il est vivement admiré dans la France du XVIIIe siècle, n’en déroute pas moins ces biographes. En dépit d’un génie largement reconnu, il incarne le rejet des règles classiques défendues par l’académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. De fait ces contempteurs n’ont de cesse de dénoncer sa manière « peu léchée », son « style raboteux » ainsi que sa prétendue méconnaissance de la peinture italienne. Son œuvre gravé seul échappe à cette doxa : si la technique du peintre est pour une grande part incomprise, ses gravures, a contrario, font l’objet d’un véritable engouement, ouvrant par là-même de vastes perspectives au sein de l’histoire de l’art du XVIIIe siècle français : théoriques d’abord, puisque ses estampes font l’objet du premier catalogue raisonné en 1751 par Edme-François Gersaint (1694-1751), Jean-Baptiste Glomy (1694-1750) et Pierre-Charles –Alexandre Helle ( ?-1767), artistique ensuite, encourageant par son exemple l’art de la gravure, donnant naissance à de nombreuses imitations, copies, pastiches, fruit du labeur appliqué tant des graveurs professionnels que des amateurs éclairés, fervents collectionneurs de son œuvre gravé. / In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the reception of the Rembrandt ‘s prints is ambivalent, account of the difficulty to conciliate the evident genius of the Dutch master with the classical norms of the French Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. What is more, the majority of French amateurs doesn’t know wery well the Rembrandt’s prints : most of them are part of the dutch culture, illustration of dutch books, ( Médéa), dutch customs (The star of the Kings) or dutch citizen ( Jan Six). The multiplication of the impressions of a same print adds to this problem. This explain why Edme-François Gersaint (1694-1750), one of the most important art dealer in Paris compiled the first comprehensive book to understand the Rembrandt’s prints, a Catalogue raisonné, published in 1751, which he introduced to this form for the first time. With this book, Gersaint gives to the Rembrandt’s prints numbers and titles which are still in use nowadays, and creates criteria to serve as a means for attributing a work to the master, a pupil, an imitator or a forgers. All this system has for result to avoid misunderstandings or confusions with the prints of Bol or Lievens. Translated in the year 1752 in English, it is reworked by Adam Bartsch in 1797 and sell in all Europe. This dissertation proposes to study the genesis of the Gersaint’s catalogue, how Rembrandt’s prints have permitted to create this particular form of art literature, how the French dealer finds anecdotes on Rembrandt’s prints and the titles, still in use nowadays. In a second part, we will interest us on the posterity of the catalogue, how it becames a model too and will modifies all the perception of Rembrandt oeuvre in particular and the perception of prints in general, a perception that we still have and, finally, giving birth to an important numbers of copies and pastiches caused by professionals engravers and amateurs.

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Humorvolle Schilderung einer Alltagsszene im Dresdener Museum vor Rembrandts Bild „Ganymed in den Fängen des Adlers“ mit geistreichem Brückenschlag zu Langbehns „Rembrandt als Erzieher“ (1890).

On the surface level, Fowles’s novel sets the trust in the timelessness of art and the possibility of a recourse to some kind of ‘true self’ against American hyperreality. Though the novel’s verdict on the American scopic regime of simulacra is devastating, England’s morbid theatricality does not represent an alternative. However, a novel which criticizes visuality only to accord Rembrandt’s “Self- Portrait” a place of utmost importance necessarily runs into problems of self-contradiction: Rembrandt’s self-portrait refuses any one-dimensional functionalization and contains self-reflexive/revocative elements pertaining to its capitalist dimension and to the dangers of commodification/narcissism/serialization. Moreover, Rembrandt’s portrait is located at the centre of a whole series of mises en abyme and contains significant autotelic elements which link it with the criticized American scopic regime, question its representational dimension by stressing the pure materiality of the work of paint and revoke Fowles’s novel and its didactic media-theoretical underpinnings.

This thesis analyzes the philosophical origins of dualism in Western culture in the Classical period in order to examine dualist modes of representation in the history of Western portraiture. Dualism - or the separation of soul and body - takes the form in portraiture of the representation of the head or head and shoulders at the expense of the body, and since its emergence in Classical Greece, has been the major influence on portraiture. In this respect the modern portrait's commonplace attention to the face rests on the dualist notion that the soul, and therefore the individuality of the subject, rests in the head. Art historical literature on portraiture, however, fails to address the pictorial, cultural and theoretical complications arising from various forms of dualism and their different artistic methodologies, such as that of the physiognomy (the definition of personality through facial characteristics) in the 19th century. That is, there is a failure to identify the complexities of dualism's relationship to the traditional honorific aspects of the portrait (the fact that historians are inclined to accept at face value the fact that portraits historically have tended to honour the achievements and social status of the sitter). Indeed, scholars have a propensity to romanticise the humanist individualists inherent to this long history of the honorific, particularly in canonic portrait practices such as Rembrandt's and Picasso's.

This thesis aims to challenge a number of critical assumptions that have unnecessarily restricted the way we read Paul Celan's work, and poetry in general, by reading an unfinished cycle of poems called 'Eingedunkelt.' The poems were written during the Spring of 1966, when Celan was incarcerated in a psychiatric hospital in Paris, and have received little critical attention since their initial partial publication in 1968, their more extensive publication in 1991, and the exhaustive publication of the transcription of all genetic documents in 2006. The thesis consists of three chapters, the last two of which are divided into two parts. The opening chapter confronts the poems in 'Eingedunkelt' as they are now available to us as genetic documents, and engages with current theories of genetic criticism to explore new ways of reading and creating meaning within the avant-texte. Although studies of Celan's work have proliferated since his death in 1970, very few critics have been willing to look beyond the formulation of the poetics Celan defines in his 1960 Büchner prize speech 'Der Meridian.' Chapters Two and Three therefore seek to identify the presence in 'Eingedunkelt' of alternative ways of thinking about poetry that do not necessarily conform to the poetics most explicitly outlined in 1960, and that allow for the very real possibility that Celan's conception of his poetic task was often challenged and maybe even transformed. Through Celan's engagement with Stéphane Mallarmé and Jean-Paul Sartre, Chapter Two identifies the development of a poetics of suicide, according to which each poem rehearses the poet's final and greatest creative act in his or her own self-destruction. Chapter Three recognizes the existence of a counter-poetics of life through Celan's lifelong interaction with the paintings of Rembrandt van Rijn, in which the material qualities of dried oil paint, which mimic the organic qualities of human skin, offer a way to create a living, breathing, but also decaying memorial to those who died in the Shoah. This provides the platform for Celan's poetic critique of both the 1963 - 1965 Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, and Peter Weiss's 1965 dramatization of the Trial, 'Die Ermittlung.'

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This study is an examination of Gerrit Dou’s Violin Player (1653, Liechtenstein, Vaduz Castle, Princely Collection). The painting is a visual testimony to Dou’s manual skills and trompe l’oeil manner of painting in his own innovative fijnschilder painting style. The composition incorporates and reinvents devices from a variety of sources from portraiture, genre painting, and emblem literature, such as the arched niche window framing the violinist. The work demonstrates the connection between music and painting in the relationship between the violinist and the background setting of an artist’s workshop. Through an iconographic analysis of works depicting the artist in the studio by Dou and his contemporaries the correlation between music playing and painting becomes evident. In this context, this relationship acts as an important device in fashioning the painter’s image as an elevated and scholarly artist and brings to light the power of music as a mode of inspiration for the painter in the studio. Additionally, tobacco smoking, which appears in many seventeenth-century Dutch self-portraits, in the context of the studio, was also perceived as an inspirational tool for the artist, thus contrasting with smoking in genre scenes of the lower classes as a symbol of waste and idleness. The work, similarly to other Dutch seventeenth-century paintings, is not a realistic representation but a cleverly constructed image that acts as an allegorical master deception for the amusement and entertainment of an educated, upper-class clientele. / Thesis (Master, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-24 23:56:10.869

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr.: f. 327-331. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.