Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1984. / Bibliography: leaves [259]-275. / Photocopy. / Microfilm. / xvii, 275 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Microphytobenthos are the dominant primary producers on estuarine mudflats playing a key role in the functioning of the ecosystem. Studies into microphytobenthic ecology have previously been limited by scale but the advent of fine scale analysis techniques (gm) as well as non-destructive sampling has enabled the system to be examined at a level not previously possible. This study examined the formation, structure and function of microphytobenthic biofilms using non-destructive (remote sensing by PAM fluorescence; fibreoptic light microprofiling) and destructive (cryo-freezing and Low temperature scanning electron microscopy) sampling. Many microphytobenthic organisms are motile and have evolved complex migratory strategies. Microphytobenthic migratory patterns are widely described but much remains to be elucidated about the controlling factors. The fluorescence parameter F015 (minimum fluorescence yield after 15 minutes dark adaptation) was used to monitor short-term changes in biomass at the sediment surface. Light, tidal state, endogeny and combinations thereof were all shown to control migration, demonstrating that predictable migratory rhythms cannot be assumed. Microscale sectioning showed that chlorophyll a was always concentrated in the top 400 gm (the photosynthetically active biomass). Clear migratory patterns were not detected using microscale sectioning therefore indicating that migration occurs over a scale < 400gm. Despite no changes in the chlorophyll a content in the surface layers, LTSEM analysis demonstrated diurnal taxonomic shifts providing circumstantial evidence that microphytobenthic cells sub-cycle at the sediment surface to optimise fitness. The light extinction co-efficient (k) of microphytobenthic biofilms significantly vaned with site, assemblage and also over time. 90% of the surface PPFD had always been attenuated by 400, and in many cases before 200. Traditional microphytobenthic primary productivity models do not account for changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of biomass or light attenuation and therefore their applicability to the real situation may be limited.

No description available.

No description available.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Static marginal analysis is applied to the Marin e Corps' proposed expansion of the Equipment Allowance Pool at Twentynine Palms, California, using Select Marine Corps Reserve assets. A formula is presented for determining potential equipment candidates. The formula is presented for determining potential equipment candidates. The formula combines various weighting factors, equipment use, and savings potential to produce a keep factor. Assets with low keep factors are selected first. Recommendations for further studies are also made. / http://archive.org/details/expansionofequip00obry / Captain, United States Marine Corps / Captain, United States Marine Corps

The main goal of this study was to investigate whether residents of rural areas especially in deprived communities in BC have reasonable geographic access to healthy and affordable food providers (e.g., supermarkets, grocery stores, and farmers’ markets), and if lack of access impacts their weight status. As well, I investigated the extent to which farmers’ markets improve food accessibility in BC’s rural food deserts. In order to identify food deserts, the methodology which has been developed by USDA was modified and adapted to BC’s rural situations. In the first step, using Principal Component Analysis, deprived rural regions were identified based on selected socioeconomic and demographic variables. Then, using ArcGIS Network Analyst extension, the distance based on driving time from the Population Weighted Centroid of each rural region to the closest supermarket or grocery store was calculated on BC road networks. A 15 minute driving time cut-off was set to identify low access areas. Deprived rural regions which were also classified as low access were identified as food deserts. The impact of food accessibility on the weight status of rural British Columbians was investigated using the 2013-14 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). A hierarchical regression model was constructed with weight status of residents as the dependent variable and distance to the closest supermarket or grocery store as the independent target variable. I found that food deserts are more concentrated in the Central Coast, Cariboo, and Peace River regions of the province. In addition, farmers’ markets play no role in providing healthy foods to the residents of food deserts. Lastly, distance from food stores is not significantly associated with the weight status of rural respondents in CCHS data. The findings of this study can be highly beneficial to government officials within different jurisdictions and health practitioners to develop or refine food policies toward providing healthy and affordable food to deprived residents and Aboriginal peoples in rural and remote communities. / Graduate

The desire to reduce dependence on fossil fuels is resulting in numerous policy incentives for increased renewable energy sources within the power grid. Because wind generation is arguably the most affordable per MWh of the renewable energy sources it is growing nearly as quickly as conventional generation techniques. Due to this significant increase in wind penetration levels, numerous largescale wind integration studies have been produced to determine the reliability impacts of large-scale wind power. Using data from two large US wind interconnection studies, this thesis provides evidence that mesoscale meteorological models under-predict the variability in wind data particularly on short time scales, indicating that data from mesoscale meteorological models need to be used with caution for some types of analyses. These types of analyses include most notably regulating reserves, which are used to rebalance supply and demand on a second-by-second bias. This thesis will also describe and evaluate a new method for jointly quantifying the amount of spinning and regulating reserves required to meet reliability requirements within a balancing area with significant amounts of wind power using high resolution wind data. The method is based on jointly minimizing dispatch costs and reserve allocations, across two time scales (seconds to minutes, and minutes to hours) to satisfy North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Area Control Error (ACE) requirements.