Thesis (M. Appl. Sc.) -- Lincoln University, 2008. / "The protected area, Marine National Monument Cayos Cochinos, is an archipelago surrounded by reefs in the Honduran Caribbean"--Abstract. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2008. / Title from title screen (viewed 20 October 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the CoCo Research Centre, the Centre for Research on Computer Supported Learning and Cognition, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney. Degree awarded 2008; thesis submitted 2007. Also available in print form.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-219).

[pt] Um dos principais fatores para avaliação do valor de uma companhia de petróleo é a sua quantidade de reservas de óleo e gás declaradas. Porém, a estimação de reservas mostra-se um procedimento de grande complexidade, dada a incerteza associada aos volumes, à recuperação, ao desenvolvimento e à comercialidade dos recursos. A abordagem probabilística permite que estas incertezas sejam consideradas na avaliação de reservas de cada projeto. Os projetos, por sua vez, são agregados para a obtenção das reservas consolidadas da companhia. A agregação quando conduzida de forma probabilística gera o chamado efeito portfólio, que representa a redução do desvio-padrão da distribuição agregada de reservas. No contexto da avaliação de reservas, o efeito portfólio pode gerar um aparente aumento nas reservas provadas agregadas. Contudo, diferentes projetos podem compartilhar riscos e por isso a determinação das correlações entre eles é um fator chave para a estimação mais precisa das reservas. Este trabalho propõe apresentar uma metodologia para a avaliação probabilística de reservas baseada em correlações e em acordo com as orientações do SPE-PRMS (2007) e as regras da Securities Exchange Commission (SEC- 2009). A metodologia se dividiu em duas etapas principais: avaliação econômica considerando incertezas nos componentes do fluxo de caixa e agregação probabilística utilizando parcialmente o método AHP para a determinação das correlações entre projetos. Foi criado um sistema para implementação da metodologia e realização de um estudo de caso com dados reais. Os resultados numéricos comprovaram a necessidade da identificação das correlações entre projetos e os impactos do efeito portfólio na agregação probabilística. / [en] The estimation of petroleum reserves entails complex assumptions and calculations, once there is uncertainty associated with volumes, recovery, evelopment and marketability of resources. These uncertainties can be taken into account when a probabilistic approach is employed for the reserves evaluation of each project. Projects are than aggregated to obtain company´s consolidated reserves. The aggregation when conducted probabilistically generates what is known as portfolio effect, which represents the reduction in the standard deviation of the distribution of aggregate reserves. In the context of reserves evaluation, the portfolio effect can increase consolidated proved reserves. However, different exploitation projects may share similar or the same risks, hence the correlation among them is a key factor for estimating more accurately the aggregated reserves. This study proposes a correlation-based methodology for estimating oil reserves probabilistically and is in accordance with the guidelines of the SPE-PRMS (2007) and the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC-2009). The methodology was presented in two major steps: economic assessment considering uncertainty in cash-flow components and probabilistic aggregation using the AHP method partially to determine the correlations among projects. To implement the methodology and run a real data case study a system was created. The numerical results proved the necessity of identifying the correlations among projects and the impacts of the portfolio effect in probabilistic aggregation.

Information was collected in 1967 from 1116 visitors to some mountain parks in British Columbia and Alberta regarding their preferences, knowledge and interest in the kind and condition of the surrounding forest habitat. Data concerning visitor characteristics such as socioeconomic standing, camping experience, age, sex, regional origin, level of education, type of equipment used (tents, trailers or campers) and reasons for selecting the campground were also recorded. Because of the difficulty quantifiable nature of the data, analyses had to be done using only tests of independence and simple correlations of the observed frequencies. It was found that most park visitors were travellers staying overnight, then moving on, rather than camping for several days. Two-thirds of them were able to recognize the common tree species of the parks, but their preferences regarding forest habitat were weak and vague. Those who were well satisfied with the facilities and the general conditions of the campground tended to prefer some particular feature of the local forest. The firm opinions and strong preferences of the small group of wilderness enthusiasts reported in other surveys were not found among the park visitors sampled in this study. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

M.Tech. / The landscape of South Africa has changed dramatically since early colonisation. Even so, it appears that the conventions employed in portraying landscapes have not; colonial landscape imagery that helped promote European immigration to this country during the Nineteenth Century remains remarkably similar to conventions employed in contemporary landscape representation used to market game reserves. In this dissertation, it is argued that colonial landscape imagery facilitates and supports a view of nature as an „authentic‟ wilderness available for expropriation. It is proposed that wildlife reserves, both in their intent and realisation, present a simulacrum of wilderness, also available for the consumer and promoted by advertising imagery. It is further argued that it remains the imperative commodification of nature which informs the pictorial conventions adopted in both cases. Thus, the myths inherent in both colonial representations of landscape and the utopian vision proffered in game reserve marketing are challenged. This research project employs discourse analysis that is framed in a qualitative, interpretative paradigm. Colonial imagery is examined in terms of post-colonialist critique of imperial landscape representation, while a post-modern approach is used to investigate contemporary imagery. This research project demonstrates that landscape imagery used to promote a „natural‟ wildlife site, is persistently presented according to prescribed canon as a functioning system regardless of its actual condition. Futhermore, the research project leads to an alternative view of nature, presented in my practical work, that is cognisant of the problems experienced in reality.

This diploma thesis is focused on analysis of foreign exchange reserves of central banks. The first part of the work explains the most important theoretical concepts, that are necessary for further understanding of the topic of the work. This section will also describe the main criteria which determines the optimal level of foreign exchange reserves. It will be also discussed about a new trend that is known as accumulation of foreign exchange reserves and about the sourcrces, the lead to accumulation. The following part explains in detail the concept of reserves currency and tells about the currency structure of reserves. The empirical part will be devoted to the analysis and management of the foreign exchange reserve in Israel.

[pt] A apreciação ou crescimento de reservas de óleo e gás é importante para uma empresa petrolífera, pois ela indica quanto uma reserva provada crescerá desde o início da produção até um determinado ano. Cada campo apresenta uma apreciação própria que depende de diversos fatores que fazem com que as reservas que antes eram classificadas como prováveis e possíveis sejam reclassificadas agora como provadas. Esta dissertação propõe determinar a apreciação de reservas para óleo e gás com base em séries históricas de campos com características semelhantes, calculando a apreciação média e a elas associando as incertezas da previsão por meio de intervalo de confiança para cada ano após o início da produção, e assim, determinando curvas delimitadoras do intervalo. Dos modelos estudados que satisfazem à condição de monotonicidade não-crescente (a taxa de apreciação anual diminui com o tempo), têm-se o logarítmico e o hiperbólico, sendo que o logarítmico foi o que teve melhor ajuste aos dados observados. Entretanto não se deve descartar o modelo hiperbólico, pois ele tem um apelo teórico e pode ter melhor ajuste do que o modelo logarítmico dependendo dos dados. Esse estudo é de caráter teórico, pois não foi possível obter dados reais de reservas. / [en] Oil and gas reserve appreciation, or growth, is a phenomenon important to petroleum exploratory and producing companies. If well understood, the companies will improve their reserves projection into the future. Each field presents a particular appreciation that depends on various factors that move resources from an initial classification into proved reserve-classification. This thesis proposes a methodology for determining oil and gas reserves appreciation based on historical time series data from similar fields, calculating year to year average appreciation, and associating to each average a confidence interval. Two models were selected for adjustment (logarithmic and hyperbolic) both presenting monotonic non- increasing year to year growth. The logarithmic model presented better adjustment to a limited data-set but hyperbolic should not be discarded both because it has desirable features and may produce better future projections. The difficulties in obtaining adequate real historical data, and other kinds of information on reserves time series impeded further statistical analysis.

No description available.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.