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The Roles of RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase 1, 2, and 6 Against GeminivirusesSchaffer, Kirsten Nichole 09 October 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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CHARACTERIZING RNA TRANSCRIPTION AND DNA REPLICATION VIA RAMAN CRYSTALLOGRAPHYAntonopoulos, Ioanna H. 03 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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RfaH CONTACTS TO DNA, RNA POLYMERASE AND RIBOSOME ACTIVATE GENE EXPRESSIONNandyMazumdar, Monali 23 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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The Ras/PKA pathway controls transcription of genes involved in stationary phase entry in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeChang, Ya-Wen 14 October 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Comparing Protocell and Surface-Based Models of RNA Replicator Systems and Determining Favourable Conditions for Linkage of Functional Strands / Simulations of RNA Replicator SystemsShah, Vismay January 2019 (has links)
In hypothesized RNA-World scenarios, replication of RNA strands is catalyzed by error-prone polymerase ribozymes. Incorrect replication leads to the creation of non-functional, parasitic strands which can invade systems of replicators and lead to their death. Studies have shown two solutions to this problem: spatial clustering of polymerases in models featuring elements to limit diffusion, and group selection in models featuring protocells. Making a quantitative comparison of the methods using results from the literature has proven difficult due to differences in model design. Here we develop computational models of replication of a system of polymerases, polymerase complements and parasites in both spatial models and protocell models with near identical dynamics to make meaningful comparison viable. We compare the models in terms of the maximum mutation rate survivable by the system (the error threshold) as well as the minimum replication rate constant required. We find that protocell models are capable of sustaining much higher maximum mutation rates, and survive under much lower minimum replication rates than equivalent surface models. We then consider cases where parasites are favoured in replication, and show that the advantage of protocell models is increased. Given that a system of RNA strands undergoing catalytic replication by a polymerase is fairly survivable in protocell models, we attempt to determine whether isolated strands can develop into genomes. We extend our protocell model to include additional functional strands varying in length (and thus replication rate) and allow for the linkage of strands to form proto-chromosomes. We determine that linkage is possible over a broad range of lengths, and is stable when considering the joining of short functional strands to the polymerase (and the same for the complementary sequences). Moreover, linkage of short functional strands to the polymerase assures more cells remain viable post division by ensuing a good quantity of polymerase equivalents are present in the parent cell prior to splitting. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Collections of RNA polymers are good candidates for the origin of life. RNA is able to store genetic information and act as polymerase ribozymes allowing RNA to replicate RNA. Polymerases have been experimentally developed in labs, however none are sufficiently general to work well in an origins of life setting. These polymerases are vulnerable to mistakes during copying, making survival of RNA systems difficult. Such systems have been studied by computer simulations, showing that the strands need to be kept together for survival, either on surfaces or in primitive cells. Differences in the details of the models has made comparing the surfaces to cells difficult. This work creates a unified model base allowing for comparison of these two environments. We find that the existence of primitive cells is very beneficial to systems of RNA polymers and thus it is likely such cells existed at the origin of life.
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Analysis of phage-type RNA polymerase driven transcription in Physcomitrella patens and ArabidopsisRichter, Uwe 22 January 2014 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der spezifische Einfluss verschiedener kernkodierter phagentypischer RNA Polymerasen auf die organelläre Genexpression in Physcomitrella und die mitochondrial Genexpression in Arabidopsis untersucht. Während das Fehlen von AtRpoTm in Arabidopsis und PpRpoTmp1 in P. patens lethal ist, wurden Insertionsmutanten für PpRpoTmp2 und AtRpoTmp einer detailierten Untersuchung unterzogen. Sowohl PprpoTmp2, als auch AtrpoTmp Pflanzen zeigten Abweichungen im Phänotyp charakteristisch für mitochondriale Dysfunktion. Identifizierte organelläre Promotoren in P. patens wurden zum Nachweis der Transkriptionsaktivität von PpRpoTmp1 und PpRpoTmp2 in vitro herangezogen. Beide Proteine besitzen die inhärente Fähigkeit zur Promotorerkennung ohne zusätzliche Kofaktoren. Die hier vorgestellten Studien unterstreichen die essentielle Bedeutung von AtRpoTm und PpRpoTmp1 für die Transkription mitochondrialer bzw organellärer Gene in Arabidopsis und P. patens. Im Gegensatz dazu können die Funktionen von AtRpoTmp und PpRpoTmp2 partiell durch andere organelläre RNAPs ersetzt werden. Phänotypische Abweichungen belegen jedoch, das AtRpoTmp und PpRpoTmp2 für die normale Entwicklung von Arabidosis bzw. P. patens essentiell sind. Veränderte Transkriptmengen in AtrpoTmp Pflanzen korrelierten mit genspezifischen Änderungen in der mitochondrialen Transkription. AtRpoTmp muss daher als essentiel für die normale Expression eines spezifischen Sets mitochondrialer Gene angesehen werden. Jedoch konnten für diese mitochondrialer Gene keine AtRpoTmp spezifischen Promotormotive mit reduzierter Aktivität identifiziert werden. Initiationsraten an allen Promotoren stromaufwärts von mitochondrialen Genen mit geringeren Transkriptmengen sind jedoch reduziert. Es erscheint daher wahrscheinlich, daß für einen Teil der mitochondrialen Gene genspezifische Elemente existieren, welche die Transkription durch AtRpoTmp dirigieren. / This study aimed to elucidate how the different transcriptional activities are facilitated in mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana and in both organelles of Physcomitrella patens. Insertional mutants for PprpoTmp2 and AtrpoTmp were analysed in detail. As for Arabidopsis RpoTm, knock-out of Physcomitrella RpoTmp1 was found to be lethal. Null mutant plants PprpoTmp2 and AtrpoTmp show surprisingly similar but clearly convergent phenotypical aberrations reminiscent of phenotypes reported for other mitochondrial mutants. Evidence is provided that PpRpoTmp1 and PpRpoTmp2 are functional RNA polymerases, which both posses the inherent ability to recognize organellar promoters in a minimal in vitro transcription system without the aid of additional cofactors. The data suggest that coding for two RpoT proteins one representing an enzyme with a high portion of non-specific transcriptional activity, as seen for AtRpoTmp and PpRpoTmp1 and one that can act as a single-polypeptide enzyme and recognize numerous mitochondrial promoters in vitro as AtRpoTm and PpRpoTmp2 echo convergent inventions but reflect complementing roles of these RNA polymerases in plant mitochondrial transcription. Phenotypical aberrations of rpoTmp2 plants suggest RpoTmp2 is important for normal growth and development. Altered transcript levels in AtrpoTmp were found to result from gene-specific transcriptional changes, establishing that AtRpoTmp functions in distinct transcriptional processes within mitochondria. Decreased transcription of a specific set of mitochondrial genes in AtrpoTmp was not associated with changes in the utilisation of specific promoters. Therefore AtRpoTmp function is not promoter-specific but gene-specific. This indicates that additional gene-specific elements direct the transcription of a subset of mitochondrial genes by RpoTmp.
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Analysis of the composition and the function of oocyte-specific TBP2-containing transcription machinery during mouse oogenesis / Analyse de la composition et de la fonction de la machinerie basale de transcription associée à TBP2 et spécifique des ovocytes au cours de l’ovogenèse murineYu, Changwei 13 December 2018 (has links)
La synthèse d’ARN au cours de la différenciation des ovocytes est essentielle à la fécondation et à l'initiation du développement précoce. La nature de la machinerie basale de transcription pendant la croissance ovocytaire n'est pas connue mais la protéine TBP est remplacée par une protéine semblable spécifique des vertébrés, TBP2. Pour comprendre le rôle de TBP2 dans l'initiation de la transcription, nous avons effectué un RNA-seq à partir d'ovocytes contrôles et Tbp2-/- et montré que l'expression des gènes les plus transcrits ainsi celle des éléments rétroviraux endogènes de type MaLR est diminuée. Par immunoprécipitation couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à partir d'ovaires, nous avons montré que TBP2 ne forme pas un complexe TFIID, mais est associé à TFIIA dans les ovocytes. Globalement nos données montrent qu’une machinerie d'initiation de la transcription spécifique différente du complexe canonique TFIID contrôle la transcription dans les ovocytes de souris. / Mammalian oocytes go through consecutive differentiation process, during which the synthesis and accumulation of RNAs are essential for oocyte growth, maturation, fertilization and early embryogenesis. Little is known about the nature and function of the oocyte Pol II transcription machinery. During oocyte growth TBP is replaced by a vertebrate specific paralog, TBP2, and Tbp2-/- females are sterile. To understand whether and how TBP2 is controlling transcription initiation during oogenesis, we carried out RNA-seq analyses from wild-type and Tbp2-/- oocytes from primary and secondary follicles. These analyses show a main decrease in the expression of the most abundant genes as well as specific down-regulation of the expression of the MaLR-type endogenous retroviral elements. To identify the nature of the complex associated with TBP2 in the oocytes, we carried out immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that, in the oocytes, TBP2 associates with TFIIA, but does not assemble into a TFIID-type complex. Altogether, our data show that a specific TBP2-TFIIA-containing transcription machinery, different from canonical TFIID, drives transcription in mouse oocytes.
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Characterization of RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb7 in silencing and transcriptionDjupedal, Ingela, January 2009 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Aufbau eines Screeningverfahrens zur Durchmusterung von Variantenbibliotheken der T7-RNA-Polymerase hinsichtlich des Einbaus 2’-Methoxy-modifizierter NucleotideNöbel, Nico 01 November 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Thema dieser Arbeit ist die evolutive Optimierung der T7-RNA-Polymerase. Zur
Stabilisierung technischer oder therapeutischer RNA-Moleküle gegenüber RNAsen wäre es
wünschenswert eine RNA-Polymerase zu generieren, welche RNA vollständig aus 2’-
modifizierten Nucleotiden synthetisieren kann. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein kombiniertes
Selektions- und Screeningverfahren zur Durchmusterung von Variantenbibliotheken der T7-
RNA-Polymerase hinsichtlich des Einbaus von 2’-Methoxy-modifizierten Nucleotiden in
RNA entwickelt. Es wurden ein gut handhabbarer, cis-regulierter Expressionsvektor sowie ein
Selektionsplasmid erzeugt, die zusammen in E. coli ein in-vivo-Selektionssystem bilden, mit
dessen Hilfe man Zellen, welche T7-RNA-Polymerase-Aktivität zeigen anhand ihrer grünen
Fluoreszenz identifizieren konnte. Durch error-prone PCR wurden Mutantenbibliotheken
generiert, und diese in das Selektionssystem eingesetzt. So konnte die Anzahl der potentiell
zu testenden Varianten erheblich gesenkt werden. Zur Bestimmung der T7-RNA-Polymerase-
Aktivität mit 2’-Methoxy-modifizierten Nucleotiden wurde ein Fluoreszenz-basierendes
Assay etabliert. Dieses Assay, das nicht mit radioaktiv-markierten Nucleotiden arbeitete und
keinen gelelektrophoretischen Separationsschritt benötigte, konnte in allen Schritten zur
parallelen Bearbeitung von 96 Proben in einem Mikrotiterplatten-Format angepasst werden,
so dass es prinzipiell hochdurchsatzfähig war und sich zum Screening umfangreicher
Variantenbibliotheken eignete. Die Assay-Reaktion kann dabei auch unkompliziert auf ein
Screening von RNA- oder DNA-Polymerase-Bibliotheken hinsichtlich anderer Eigenschaften
der Polymerase-Aktivität übertragen werden.
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RNA polymerase I transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae /Hontz, Robert Duane. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.
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