No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This study of the Irish Home Rule crisis of 1885-6 arises from a sense of the limitations of an exclusively 'high political' approach. It seeks to show how Liberal policy makers related to their supporters in Britain, and how the rank and file both influenced and responded to their leaders' initiatives. Within the framework of a national portrait, certain areas receive special attention: much of the evidence relates to the traditional Liberal strongholds of south-west England, west Yorkshire, Tyneside, south-central Wales and the Birmingham and Edinburgh regions. This dissertation seeks an answer to the question: how was it that, in 1886, a majority of Liberals came to accept the idea of Home Rule, which was hitherto the property of an uninfluential radical minority? Chapter One places the espousal of Home Rule by the Liberal leader, Gladstone, in a broad chronological context and explores the roots of the uneasy relationship between British Liberalism and Irish nationalism. This theme is further developed in Chapters Two and Three. The fourth chapter examines Liberal perceptions of Ireland as a strategic and imperial problem; and a related issue, the neglected controversy over Irish representation at Westminster, is the subject of the fifth. Chapter Six reviews the strategies devised by Liberal supporters and opponents of Home Rule in their efforts to generate a popular appeal for their respective causes. Chapter Seven aims to rescue from historiographical neglect the almost universally unpopular Land purchase Bill which accompanied Gladstone's Home Rule proposals. The remaining chapters deal with rank and file perceptions of the party leaders and with constituency pressures upon parliamentarians. It will be argued that the unfamiliarity of Home Rule, and the conflicting passions which its elevation aroused, enhanced the role of personalities. For most Liberals, traditional loyalties - especially to the charismatic figure of Gladstone - were the decisive factor in 1886.

The phase behaviour of methane at temperatures below 20°K is still not understood. There is recent evidence for a second phase transition at 8°K, in addition to the well known transition at 20.4°K. This second transition requires a long time to reach equilibrium. In our experiment, the nuclear magnetic resonance signal of the methane protons was monitored for a period of many hours at 1.2°K, in order to; determine whether a slow phase change occurred in the approach to equilibrium. This change would manifest itself in the width of the resonance line, which is sensitive to the local environment of the proton, and thus able to provide information about the crystal structure. No definite time variation of line width was observed. The line width increased by 15% from 4.2°K to 1.2°K. The second moment of the line also rose sharply as the temperature increased, indicating an increasing contribution to the spin-spin interaction from intra-molecular broadening. An approximate model yielded a correlation time for the intra-molecular term of the order of a microsecond. Significant differences between different methane samples indicate that sample preparation is important, and that the above results were for samples in some sort of metastable phase. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

This study examines injury in competitive bodychecking and non-body checking youth ice hockey in male and female leagues in Ontario and Quebec. This study consisted of three parts: (1) quantifying the amount of injuries; (2) document situational factors in which hockey injuries occur; (3) observe play and interview parents to understand deeper subjective feelings towards injury and bodychecking. The research utilized a mixed method approach consisting of game observation, postgame injury assessments and semi-structured interviewing with parents. For this thesis, 56 games total were attended and only parents from the bodychecking team were interviewed. All games were video recorded through a dual camera video system. Game footage was then analyzed frame by frame to pinpoint injury locations, points of impact and situational factors surrounding the injury. Field-notes and interviews with parents allowed for a comprehensive look into the feelings and emotions surrounding injury and bodychecking. Results from the research revealed; 1) a disproportionately higher rate of injury in bodychecking hockey comparared to non-bodychecking male and female hockey; 2) an overwhelming percentage of injuries were the result of player and board contact; 3) majority of injuries occurred on legal play; and 4) parents support the concept of delaying bodychecking till later ages.

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the conduct of judge-led commissions of inquiry in Canada could be improved, and rendered more consistent with purposive values embodied in the rule of law, were judicial commissioners to observe a principle of fidelity to adjudication. The rule of law, practically understood as a political and legal ideal, treats independence as integral to the judicial role in interpreting and applying law, safeguarding the Constitution, and honouring individual rights. Public confidence in the independence and integrity of Canada’s judiciary flows not just from constitutional safeguards, however, but from judicial observance of adjudicative procedure. So too does confidence that in exercising their functions, judges respect the boundaries commanded by the separation of powers. Contrary to categorical distinctions that are often drawn between commissions of inquiry and courts, adjudicative procedure is an essential feature of many inquiries. This is so because the participants in such inquiries legitimately demand an assurance of justice equivalent to that associated with traditional judicial proceedings. Recognizing this commonality does not mean burdening public inquiries with the evidentiary and procedural rigidity of courts. It does suggest, however, that adjudication has a valuable (if non-exclusive) role to play in the conduct of some inquiries, establishing a compelling reason why judges should be their leaders. Fidelity to adjudication directs judicial commissioners to account for this reality when confronting common dilemmas and challenges in inquiry conduct. I explore the methodological implications of fidelity to adjudication in two broad areas, first concerning procedural fairness, and second concerning the protection of a commissioner’s independence. Finally, I consider how fidelity to adjudication establishes boundaries cautioning against judicial service in inquiries that demand different conceptions of justice, or advance different notions of truth-seeking, than those in which judges are traditionally informed. A principled alignment is thus established between judicial service on commissions of inquiry, judicial methods and skills, and observance of the rule of law.

Evolutionary finance studies financial markets from an evolutionary point of view. A financial market can be interpreted in the context of its evolution: it can be understood as a dynamical system in which frequently interacting investment strategies compete for market capital. We are mainly interested in the long-run performance of investment strategies. This thesis explores the "Darwinian theory" of portfolio selection. An asset market can be modelled by a game-theoretic evolutionary model in which asset prices are endogenously determined by market clearing condition. A general version of the Kelly rule is shown to allow an investor to "survive" in the asset market. We then investigate the stochastic model with independent and identical distributed states of the world from a different, game-theoretic, angle and examine Nash equilibrium strategies, satisfying equilibrium conditions with probability one. Evolutionary finance and asset market games also provide new angles to present fundamental facts of capital growth theory. Relations between financial growth and the property of "survival" of investment strategies are established in the market selection process.

No abstract available Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

No Abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted