The purpose of this paper is to observe and discuss the description of peasantry in Russian prose literature from the second half of 1840's to 1917. In the introduction is given an outline of the peasant theme before the forties. For that purpose all material is sub-divided into chapters; each chapter discusses an individual writer, except the fourth chapter which considers the raznochintzy writers. The initial chapter discusses the first works of Grigorovich which are concerned with peasant life in the forties. Chapter Two deals with Turgenev's stories from A Sportsman's Sketches which show the spiritual and poetical side of the peasantry. The Third chapter discusses the works of Pisemsky of the fifties; here the realistic description of peasantry reaches its height. Chapter Four is a detailed analysis of the works of the raznochintzy writers of the sixties and seventies: Sleptzov, Levitov, Reshetnikov and mainly Gleb Uspensky. They are compared with their predecessors as well as compared among themselves. Chapter Five discusses the main works of Korolenko who acquaints the reader with the way of life of the Yakuts, Tartars, the Siberian and Russian peasants, and nomads. The Sixth chapter deals with the main works of Chekhov concerned with the peasantry. His works retain in themselves the sober truth of both the portrayal of the raznochintzy writers of the sixties and the artistic beauty of Turgenev. The Seventh chapter considers the works of Bunin where they are compared with those of Chekhov. With Bunin's works ends the period of critical realism before 1917. This is followed by a short conclusion, where some works of Tolstoy are discussed. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

Ever since World War II up to the 80`s the world had not witnessed any form of suicide terrorism. Since then the rate of such attacks have been growing on a global level. Nowadays, suicide terrorism is one of the most researched and still not fully explained syndromes that imposes threat to nations, societies, individuals, groups, governments and other parties. Many studies and analyses focus on determining the reasons and the motives for such acts, including the damages that suicide terrorism causes on global level. There have been multiple variables determined as key factors influencing suicide terrorism, including religion, political occupation, nationalism and many others, yet there is no single answer as to why organizations and/or individuals decide on such radical tactic. Thus, as a modern phenomenon, suicide terrorism triggers the analysis from several perspectives of the individual, organizational and psychological background. This master thesis deals with the case study of Chechen suicide terrorism and its implications in the studies of suicide terrorism. The main focus of the research is on determining main motives and reasons of Chechnya to use suicide bombing against Russia. The analysis uses the Robert Pape's theory on suicide terrorism and done by using qualitative research, with...

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Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Fisch. 2n=2x=14, NsNs) is an important forage grass and a potentially useful germplasm in wheat improvement. A standard C-banding karyotype of Ps. juncea has been developed based on the C-bands of chromosomes in geographically diverse materials. Although there are C-banding polymorph isms, the seven pairs of chromosomes can be distinguished from each other according to their basic banding patterns. Based on C-banded karyotype, one deletion-t ranslocation heterozygote, four primary trisomies, one double-deletion trisomic, and two tertiary trisomies were identified. These cytogenetic stocks will be useful in genetic studies of Russian wildrye. Genetic variations in Russian wildrye were analyzed at chromosomal, protein and DNA levels using C-banding, isozymes, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques, respectively. Due to the self-incompatibility in Russia wild rye, a high level of genetic diversity existed both within and among accessions. In general, accessions originated from the same or neighboring geographical areas showed closer genetic relationships. The results of various approaches for genetic variation analysis suggest that there are tremendous genetic variations in the Russian wild rye germplasm for the effective improvement of this forage grass. Some molecular markers were isolated and characterized in Russian wildrye using RAPD and cloning techniques. These markers may be useful in gene mapping, species identification, studies of evolutionary relationships, and transferring useful genes into cereal crops.

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Some scholars say that Russian syntax has free word order. However, other researchers claim that the basic word order of Russian is Subject, Verb, Object (SVO). Some researchers also assert that the use of different word orders may be influenced by various factors, including positions of discourse topic and focus, and register (spoken, fiction, academic, non-academic). In addition, corpora have been shown to be useful tools in gathering empirical linguistic data, and modern advances in computing have made corpora freely available and their use widespread. The Russian National Corpus is a large corpus of Russian that is widely used and well suited to syntactic research. This thesis aims to answer three research questions: 1) If all six word orders in Russian are possible, what frequencies of each order will I find in a data sample from the Russian National Corpus? 2) Do the positions of discourse topic and focus influence word order variations? 3) Does register (spoken, fiction, academic, non-academic) influence word order variations? A sample of 500 transitive sentences was gathered from the Russian National Corpus and each one was analyzed for its word order, discourse pattern, and register. Results found that a majority of the sentences were SVO. Additionally, a majority of the sample contained the topic before the focus, and most of the sample were from the non-academic register. A chi-square analysis for each research question showed statistically significant results. This indicates that the results were not a product of chance, and that discourse patterns and register influence word order variations. These findings provide evidence that there is a predominant word order in Russian.