The paper investigates people's motivations to work as press photographers. Against the background of precarious working conditions and a relatively poor image of the occupation, why people choose to work in this field seems like an interesting question. Several theories of occupational choice are examined for their usefulness with regard to the focus of the research, taking into account the processual nature of the formation of motivations as well as the special attributes of the field of press photography. A combination of phenomenological and biographical concepts is selected as the theoretical framework of the study, and key elements thereof are explained. The data obtained through several narrative interviews is analyzed and interpreted, resulting in three main dimensions of typologies describing the process of the formation of motivations leading to the occupational choice of press photography. The three dimensions are finally integrated into one typology which describes the different types of peoples choosing press photography as their occupation. (author's abstract) / Series: Schriftenreihe / Forschungsbereich Wirtschaft und Kultur

Commercial transportation and all its related stakeholders are faced with new challenges, both from the increasing concentration of urban population and areas, as well as from the ever increasing competition in the transportation services industry. Because the causes of the necessary restructuring in commercial transportation are very complex, this paper will define the parameters, influencing factors and resulting consequences as it applies to commercial transportation in the Vienna metropolitan area. It will include a systematic analysis of the interrelated effects on an economic and ecocologic, as well as on a social level. This method of analysis, using these three supporting elements, allows for a holistic approach that makes possible alternative logistic concepts that are both economically efficient and sustainable. Because small carriers, due to their supply function especially within the Vienna city limits, play such an important role in Vienna commercial transportation, they have been chosen as the starting point for this analysis. The conclusions resulting from this analysis are intended to provide the conceptual basis for an internet based order processing service with the project name "KTAK" ("Kleintransporteure auf Knopfdruck"). The "KTAK" concept can be viewed as an instrument that promotes both an increase in the operating efficiency for the service provider and an increase in the sustainability of innercity areas. (author's abstract) / Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Logistik

(kein Abstract vorhanden) / Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

This case completes the trilogy and attempts to answer the open questions raised in the A and B Cases. It offers a retrospective of the events since the IBM-Lenovo merger in 2005 until August 2012. The main focus is on the period between the global financial crisis and mid-2012. The case describes the frequent changes at the top management level and highlights the leadership issues involved in making Lenovo a global leader in the PC industry. An industry and market overview reveals that while Lenovo was attempting to deal with internal issues during the post-merger integration phase it lost market share to competitors. A series of strategic changes, organizational restructurings, and changes in organizational culture paved the way for a new era in Lenovo's history, marked by strong financial performance, product innovation, and promising growth. / Series: WU Case Series

This working paper dwells on the relationship between a dialogue-oriented mode of knowledge production in line with transdisciplinarity and the flourishing of a culture of socioeconomic democratisation. These scientific and cultural-political undertakings have in common an effort of bridge-building between fragmented entities, be it scientific disciplines and their mono-logical explanations or single-issue policies which foster micro-efficiency to the detriment of social cohesion and socio-economic effectiveness. The paper starts by presenting emblematically some typical problematics of social innovations which need experience-based knowledge of practitioners as well the structure-aware knowledge of scientific research. In the second section transdisciplinary research is proposed as a research programme focussing on socially relevant problems and a structured dialogue with practitioners. Transdisciplinarity is based on a two-fold-dialogue: First, it is an interdisciplinary dialogue between different disciplines which overcome their respective research programmes and paradigms and contribute their knowledge to joint-problem solving. Second, it is a dialogue of two forms of knowledge: experience-based and analyticalstructural knowledge. In the final section, the potential of this type of research is shown to address the problematics of social innovation as a research programme as well as a socially-transformative practice. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Loss of population is a well-known phenomenon in peripheral rural regions. The most identified problems are based on structural weaknesses in terms of decreasing business activities and a lack of public infrastructure. In such regions population is mainly older causing major changes in social infrastructure. For instance many schools and kindergartens close down for lack of demand, which hinders young families to migrate to such regions. The result is typically a negative cumulative process of loss of population, loss of jobs, loss of infrastructure, further out migration. It is an enormous challenge for such regions to overcome this vicious circle. A more detailed look often shows a more differentiated picture and offers opportunities for policy action. First, although people are moving out of these locations new in-migrants are interested in such peripheral regions and their strengths, such as silence, a beautiful natural landscape without urban character etc. Second, new technologies enable skilled personnel to work without urban infrastructure and face-to-face networks. Third, there is an enormous potential in people who moved but do have permanent contact with their home region in terms of regaining them after retiring. The region under study "Waldviertler Wohlviertel Thaya-Taffa-Wild" consists of nine communities in the Austrian province of "Lower Austria". Since 2002 the region aims to develop a joint strategy for improving the regional conditions. The most pressing problem is the loss of population in the region which is accompanied by a loss of business activity and public infrastructure. Based on a detailed analysis of the situation, the study aims at identifying opportunities and strategies for counter action. The paper will present our empirical results focussing on regional identity coming out of a qualitative data analysis and a postal survey. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Tax rates on capital income, corporate income tax rates in particular, have been declining in most industrialized countries since the mid 1980ies. Among the explanations for this development tax competition between countries for mobile capital has been mentioned frequently. A vast empirical literature dealing with tax competition for mobile capital has emerged. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of these empirical studies. A particular focus is put on studies modelling strategic interaction in tax policies of competing jurisdictions - which is at the heart of the competition concept. The paper also addresses the issue whether existing studies convincingly isolate tax competition as a driver of falling capital / corporate income tax rates. Given the empirical evidence surveyed it appears that tax rates indeed fall due to tax competition, in particular due to competition for new firms and for paper profits. However, closer look at the empirical approaches applied in the papers surveyed suggests that fully convincing evidence establishing tax competition as driver of falling tax rates is still lacking. / Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

Zielsetzung des im Rahmen vom WWTF geförderten Projektes "Creative Industries in Vienna" durchgeführten Forschungsvorhabens ist es, die Entwicklung der Kunst als soziales System und Medium der Kommunikation in Europa und in Wien exemplarisch herauszuarbeiten. Damit wird der vorherrschende CI-Diskurs um eine systemtheoretische Perspektive erweitert. Im hier präsentierten Vorbericht werden die dafür aufbereiteten theoretischen Ausgangspositionen, Fragestellungen und Zielsetzungen dargestellt. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst in der Einleitung das Gesamtprojekt im internationalen CI-Diskurs verortet und der Mainstream der Diskussion aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive in Frage gestellt. Die Entscheidung, einen systemtheoretischen Zugang zu wählen, wird bereits in der Einleitung begründet und durch die Gliederung der Gesamtarbeit vorgestellt. Im Kapitel 1. Theorie wird die angewandte Theorie der sozialen Systeme im Kontext des sogenannten radikalen Konstruktivismus verortet und die übergeordnete Fragestellung der Zusammenhänge von Kunst Politik und Wirtschaft aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive aufbereitet. Im abschließenden Kapitel zur sogenannten Habermas-Luhmann-Kontroverse wird schließlich die Entscheidung für die Systemtheorie noch einmal veranschaulicht und reflektiert. / Series: Creative Industries in Vienna: Development, Dynamics and Potentials

(kein Abstract vorhanden) / Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Sozialpolitik

Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Logistik