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The role of the plasmasphere in radiation belt particle energization and loss /Johnston, Wm. Robert, January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves140-153)
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Nonlinear interactions between whistler mode chorus waves and energetic electrons in the Earth’s radiation beltsGan, Longzhi 01 February 2024 (has links)
Plasma waves are key drivers of the highly variable electron dynamics in Earth’s outer radiation belts. In particular, whistler mode chorus waves, which are commonly observed with intense wave amplitudes, are known to be a key driver of rapid electron acceleration and precipitation observed by many recent satellite (e.g., Arase, ELFIN, THEMIS, and Van Allen Probes) and balloon missions (BARREL). However, quantitative understanding of how electron acceleration and precipitation is modified due to the nonlinear interactions with chorus waves is limited. This dissertation systematically evaluates the nonlinear effects of chorus waves in the full electron pitch angle-energy space using test particle simulations, quasilinear models, and satellite observations. More specifically, the dependences of these nonlinear effects on the chorus wave amplitude modulation (waveform structures), as well as wave amplitude and frequency bandwidth (spectrum structures), are quantified over a wide range of wave parameters. The results show that realistic chorus wave structures tend to limit the nonlinear effects on energetic electrons. The system can be described by a diffusion model similar to quasilinear theory, but nonlinear effects alter the diffusion coefficients from quasilinear ones. Using an intriguing event observed by the Van Allen Probes, I further demonstrate that nonlinear phase trapping by the upper-band chorus waves can efficiently accelerate electrons to form the distinct butterfly pitch angle distribution within 30 seconds. The effects of nonlinear interaction (Landau trapping) on electron precipitation are also evaluated during a bursty electron precipitation event observed by the ELFIN CubeSats, in association with very oblique chorus waves observed by THEMIS near the equatorial plane. The test particle simulation results provide the first direct evidence of rapid (~5 s) electron precipitation driven by high-order resonances due to chorus waves. Overall, this dissertation provides a full quantification of nonlinear effects and their dependences on various electron and chorus wave parameters. The findings in this dissertation are crucial to our fundamental understanding of wave-particle interactions, particularly on short timescales in the Earth’s radiation belts and in other space plasma environments, such as solar wind and other planets, as well as astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
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Energetic electron precipitation into the Earth's upper atmosphere driven by electromagnetic ion cyclotron wavesCapannolo, Luisa 24 April 2020 (has links)
Energetic electrons undergo significant flux variations in the Earth’s outer radiation belt, where magnetospheric waves play an important role in changing the energetic electron dynamics. In particular, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are suggested to drive efficient pitch angle scattering of relativistic electrons, which results in relativistic electron precipitation into the upper atmosphere. Such precipitation provides an important source of energy input into the upper atmosphere, where precipitating electrons can affect atmospheric chemistry and ionization. However, the quantitative role of EMIC waves in energetic electron precipitation in various regions of the magnetosphere is not fully understood. This dissertation aims to answer outstanding open questions on the characteristics and quantification of EMIC-driven precipitation, such as the spatial extent and the energy range of electron precipitation. The relationship between EMIC waves and electron precipitation is evaluated by analyzing magnetic conjunction events when EMIC waves are detected in the magnetosphere by near-equatorial satellites (Van Allen Probes, GOES) and precipitating electrons are measured by Low-Earth-Orbiting satellites (POES, FIREBIRD). Quasi-linear theory is used to quantify the role of various observed magnetospheric waves (e.g., EMIC waves, plasmaspheric hiss, magnetosonic waves) in the electron precipitation. Several in-depth case analyses show that EMIC waves are the main driver of the observed relativistic electron precipitation, while other waves play a minor role. The precipitation events were clearly identified within L shell of ~7.5, favorably near the dusk and night sectors. The analysis shows that each precipitation event was localized on average spatial scales of ~0.3 L, suggesting that the resonance conditions are satisfied in a very localized region of the magnetosphere. The electron precipitation was observed at the expected relativistic (> ~MeV) energies; however, the minimum energy of efficient electron precipitation was newly found to extend down to at least ~200–300 keV. The quantitative analysis using multi-point measurements combined with theoretical calculations in this dissertation provides a more comprehensive understanding of EMIC-driven precipitation, which is a critical electron loss process in the magnetosphere. Moreover, the results are helpful to improve currently existing models of radiation belt, ring current and atmosphere dynamics, as well as theories of wave-particle interactions.
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Hvizdové vlny pozorované družicí DEMETER / Whistler waves observed by the DEMETER spacecraftZáhlava, Jan January 2016 (has links)
Although lightning-generated whistlers have been studied for nearly a century, there are still questions to be answered. It is clear that, at least in a certain frequency range, these waves significantly contribute to the overall wave intensity in the inner magnetosphere. They also influence distribution functions of energetic particles in the Van Allen radiation belts. Thanks to the on-board implemented neural network for automated whistler detection, we can relate electromagnetic wave and energetic particle flux measurements performed by the low-altitude DEMETER spacecraft with the number and dispersion of whistlers detected during a certain time interval. We distinguish the cases with high and low whistler occurrence and we use this information to determine the overall effect of lightning-generated whistlers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Modélisation des ceintures de radiations de Saturne / A physical model for electron radiation belts of SaturnLorenzato, Lise 24 September 2012 (has links)
Les ceintures de radiation provoquent des dégâts irréversibles sur les satellites les traversant, détériorant ainsi les instruments de mesure embarqués. Les étudier est utile au développement de matériaux adaptés et résistants. Depuis les années 90, l'ONERA-DESP étudie les ceintures de radiations des planètes magnétisées, telle que la Terre ou Jupiter, grâce au modèle Salammbô. Salammbô prend en compte les processus physiques de l'environnement radiatif pour recréer les populations d'électrons peuplant les ceintures. Dans cette étude, il s'agit de développer un modèle des ceintures de radiations internes de Saturne, basé sur les travaux précédents. Avant les années 2000, Pioneer 11 et Voyager 2 ne permettaient pas un développement suffisamment avancé d'un modèle de ceintures de radiations de Saturne. La mission Cassini apporte ensuite quantités d'observations et de données pour mener une étude plus approfondie de ces ceintures. Cette thèse débute par l'analyse de la magnétosphère interne de Saturne : anneaux, satellites, nuages de neutres...L'interaction des particules des ceintures de radiations avec ces différents paramètres se traduit par le calcul de coefficients de diffusion. Ces coefficients sont intégrés à l'équation de transport et permettent de comprendre les mécanismes perturbant la distribution des électrons au sein des ceintures de radiations. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés aux mesures faites par les sondes Pioneer 11, Voyager 2 et Cassini. / Radiation belts cause irreversible damages to on-board instrument materials. Studies about radiation belts can be useful for development of materials that will stand such environment. Since the 1990's, ONERA develops models of radiation belts of magnetized planets, such as the Earth or Jupiter. These previous work lead to a physical model, named Salammbô. Salammbô is based on physical processes that dominate the planetary magnetosphere in order to recreate electron populations of radiation belts. ONERA is now able to develop an electron radiation belt model for Saturn's environment, i.e., a new version of Salammbô. Before the 2000's, Pioneer 11 and Voyager 2 did not allow a good development of a Salammbô model in the case of Saturn. Nowadays, the Cassini mission gives a lot of information about Saturn, its magnetosphere and its environment to start a study about radiation belts of Saturn. This thesis begins with the analyse of the kronian magnetosphere : rings, satellites, neutral clouds, etc. Interaction between radiation belt particle and these different parameters lead to diffusion coefficients. Diffusion coefficients are integrated into the Salammbô code and imply a better comprehension of mechanisms that can interfere with the electron distribution of radiation belts. Results have been compared with observations of Pioneer 11, Voyager 2 and Cassini spacecrafts.
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Towards a Radiation Hardened Fluxgate Magnetometer for Space Physics ApplicationsMiles, David M Unknown Date
No description available.
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Study on Variation of Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes Through Nonlinear Wave-Particle Interactions / 非線形波動粒子相互作用による放射線帯電子フラックスの変動に関する研究Kubota, Yuko 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21070号 / 工博第4434号 / 新制||工||1689(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 大村 善治, 教授 松尾 哲司, 准教授 小嶋 浩嗣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM
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Prise en compte du temps local dans la modélisation des ceintures de radiation terrestres / Magnetic Local Time dependency of the modeling of the Earth radiation beltsHerrera, Damien 09 October 2017 (has links)
Depuis le début de l’ère spatiale avec le lancement du satellite Spoutnik 1 en 1957, les ceintures de radiationterrestres n’ont cessé de faire l’objet d’études du fait de leur dangerosité pour les satellites mais aussi pour l’êtrehumain. En effet, lors d’une forte activité solaire, l’injection de particules dans cet environnement radiatif peut induiredes flux jusqu’à 1000 fois plus élevés que par temps calme. Par conséquent, il est important d’en comprendrela physique ainsi que la dynamique au cours de ce que l’on appelle un orage géomagnétique. Dans ce but, le Département Physique Instrumentation Environnement et Espace (DPhIEE) de l’ONERA développe depuis maintenantplus de 20 ans la famille de modèles Salammbô reproduisant de façon robuste et en trois dimensions la dynamiquedes particules piégées dans ces ceintures. Néanmoins, bien que précis au-delà d’environ 100 keV, la physique et leshypothèses prises en compte dans ce modèle restent insuffisantes en deçà. En effet, aux basses énergies, les ceintures de radiation ne peuvent plus être considérées comme homogènes autour de la Terre. L’objectif de cette thèse a donc été de prendre en compte une quatrième dimension, le temps magnétique local (MLT), afin de mieux reproduire l’évolution des structures fines lors d’un orage géomagnétique. La première partie s’est portée sur l’optimisation du schéma numérique. L’ajout d’une quatrième dimension induit, via l’apparition d’un terme d’advection, une forte diffusion numérique qu’il convient de limiter, tout en tenant compte du temps de calcul. L’équation statistique implémentée a alors été discrétisée selon un schéma de type Beam-Warming du second ordre couplé à un limiteur Superbee, garantissant une propagation satisfaisante de la distribution initiale. Une fois les problèmes numériquesmaitrisés, les différents mécanismes physiques pilotant la dynamique des particules piégées ont été implémentésdans le code, avec une attention toute particulière sur la dépendance en MLT de l’interaction onde-particule. Laprise en compte des champs électriques magnétosphériques fut également nécessaire. En effet, ils constituent l’undes moteurs principaux du mouvement des particules de basses énergies. Le modèle Salammbô 4D a ensuite étévalidé par comparaison avec le modèle 3D déjà existant sur une simulation de l’orage magnétique de Mars 2015.Les résultats ont montré une bonne restitution de la dynamique des ceintures de radiation, avec en plus l’accès à laphase principale de l’orage. Cet évènement a ensuite été modélisé à plus basse énergie pour constater la dynamiqueasymétrique des électrons piégés avec le rôle prépondérant du champ électrique de convection. La comparaison avecles données du satellite THEMIS a montré une bonne modélisation des différents processus physiques, notammentcelui de « dropout » par traversée de la magnétopause. Enfin, la mise en place d’une condition limite dynamiquemodulée par les paramètres du vent solaire et dépendante du MLT ouvre de nombreuses perspectives. / Since the beginning of the Space Era with the launch of Spoutnik 1 spacecraft in 1957, the radiation belts havebeen studied by scientists due to their hazardousness on both spacecrafts and humans. Indeed, particles are injectedduring strong solar activity and can induce fluxes thousand times higher than quiet time ones. Thus, it’s veryimportant to understand the nature of physics-based processes and the consecutive dynamic during a geomagneticstorm. For this purpose, the Department Physics Instrumentation Environment and spacE (DPhIEE) at ONERA hasbeen developing the Salammbô models family for more than 20 years which robustly reproduce in three dimensionsthe dynamics of trapped particles in the radiation belts. Nevertheless, although they are reliable at high energy, thephysics-based processes and the hypothesis taken into account are inadequate at lower energies, below a few hundredsof keV. Indeed, the radiation belts can no longer be considered as homogeneous around the Earth. The aim of thisPhD research work was to take into account a fourth coordinate, the Magnetic Local Time (MLT), in order to betterreproduce the thinnest structures occurring during a geomagnetic storm. The first part of this work focused on theoptimization of the numerical scheme. By the emergence of an advective term, the inclusion of a fourth coordinateinduces a strong numerical diffusion that has to be controlled and limited without deteriorating the computingefficiency. So, the implemented statistical equation was discretized using a Beam-Warming scheme coupled with theSuperbee limiter, which guarantee us an adequate propagation of the initial distribution. Once numerical issues havebeen resolved and controlled, all the different mechanisms driving the dynamics of the trapped particles have beenimplemented into the code, taking into account their MLT dependency, especially for the wave-particle interaction.Taking into account the magnetospheric electric fields was also necessary. Indeed, they correspond to one of themain drivers of the low energy particles motion. Then, the Salammbô 4D model has been validated by a comparisonwith the 3D one on a simulation of the March 2015 geomagnetic storm. The results showed a good restitutionof the dynamics of the radiation belts, refining the storm main phase resolution. Thereafter, this event has beensimulated at lower energy to analyze the asymmetry of the dynamics of trapped electrons highlighting the primerole of the convection electric field. The comparison with data from THEMIS spacecraft showed a good modelingof the different physics-based processes, in particular regarding dropouts as controlled by magnetopause shadowingeffect. Finally, the implementation of a solar wind driven outer boundary condition opens up new prospects.
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Study on Nonlinear Acceleration of Electrons by Oblique Whistler Mode Waves / 斜め伝搬ホイッスラーモード波による非線形電子加速に関する研究Hsieh, Yikai 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21071号 / 工博第4435号 / 新制||工||1689(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 大村 善治, 教授 松尾 哲司, 准教授 小嶋 浩嗣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM
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Modélisation du phénomène de diffusion radiale au sein des ceintures de radiation terrestres par technique de changement d’échelle / Modeling the radial diffusion process in the Earth's radiation belts by a scale-changing techniqueLejosne, Solène 30 September 2013 (has links)
Cette étude s’inscrit dans le domaine de la description de la dynamique des ceintures deradiation terrestres. Elle consiste à modéliser le phénomène de diffusion radiale en travaillantavec une résolution spatio-temporelle plus fine que celle utilisée pour décrire la dynamiquedes ceintures par le biais d’une équation de diffusion. La démarche s’est organisée en troistemps. Tout d’abord, l’objectif a été d’étudier le phénomène de diffusion radiale d’un point devue théorique afin de mettre en lumière les principaux pilotes du processus et d’expliciter uneformulation des coefficients de diffusion radiale. Une fois l’expression de ces coefficientsétablie, l’objectif a ensuite été de les quantifier. Pour cela, nous avons développé desprotocoles analytiques et numériques puis des protocoles expérimentaux. Nous avons discutéles résultats obtenus ainsi que les atouts et les limites de ces protocoles. Cette étude met enévidence le rôle central de l’asymétrie des variations du champ électromagnétique et deschamps électriques induits dans le processus de diffusion radiale. Elle propose des pistes pourla quantification numérique et expérimentale de ces deux pilotes. Elle apporte également unregard critique sur les travaux de la littérature. Elle ouvre la voie pour une nouvellequantification des coefficients de diffusion basée sur une modélisation adéquate de ladynamique de l’environnement électromagnétique / This study falls within the field of the Earth’s radiation belt dynamics. It consists of modelingthe radial diffusion process based on a spatiotemporal resolution higher than the resolution atwhich radiation belt dynamics are described in terms of a diffusion equation. The approachhas been organized in three parts. First, we described radial diffusion theoretically,highlighting the main drivers of the phenomenon and giving a ready-made formula of theradial diffusion coefficients. Then, based on this formula, we aimed to quantify the radialdiffusion coefficients. In order to reach this goal, we developed analytical and numericalprocedures, and then, observational procedures. Finally, we discussed the results and the prosand cons of each method. This study highlights the central role of asymmetric variations ofthe electromagnetic fields and induced electric fields in the driving of the intensity of theradial diffusion process. It provides tracks for numerical and experimental quantification ofthese two drivers. It also provides tools for a critical review of the literature. It paves the wayfor a more accurate determination of radial diffusion coefficients based on a more precisedescription of the electromagnetic environment and its variations.
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