Spike Milligan has had an undisputable influence on English-language comedy in the past half-century. Monty Python’s Terry Jones cites the “free-wheeling fantasy world” Milligan created for the surreal radio series The Goon Show as the chief inspiration for his own group’s more internationally-famous work. However, Milligan’s writing for The Goon Show, which first aired between 1951 and 1960 displays a depth beyond “the confidence to be silly” noted by Python’s Michael Palin. Milligan’s scripts reveal a deliberate, if not wholly conscious, rejection of the laws of causality and probability, through frequent and systematic distortions of time and space. The fictional world revealed in The Goon Show’s corpus of half-hour stories is one in which concepts relating to time and space lack the fixed meanings that we attach to them in everyday life. Temporal and spatial relationships are fluid and indeterminate: boundaries between different times and different spaces can dissolve, allowing mutually inconsistent chronologies and scales of size and distance to coexist. The world-view underlying this is governed by an inversion of the generally-agreed-upon relationship between observable phenomena and individual perception. Rather than using the outside world as a source of data from which to construct models of ‘objective’ reality, Milligan allows his characters’ own words to modify the given conditions of any situation. This quasi-magical principle of storytelling mirrors cognitive strategies used by children in their primary-school years to grasp and describe the complexities of time and space. Childlike and lighthearted as it often is, The Goon Show’s twisting of time and space has a parallel to some highly complex ‘grown-up’ thinking. Its implicit rejection of the self-evidence of the fundamental laws of Newtonian physics recalls more than just the challenge to these laws provided by relativity and quantum mechanics. It also anticipates, by a full generation, the skeptical stance towards the self-evidence of immutable laws which forms the cornerstone of postmodern critiques of all fields of endeavour. The Goon Show reveals Spike Milligan to be an unsung visionary: always striding into unknown conceptual territory, he let his scripts, rather than a body of theoretical work, articulate his vision. Milligan’s comedic touch and his inimitable strangeness have led him to be appreciated, rather than studied. The ways in which The Goon Show turns time and space inward on themselves demonstrate, however, that the First Mover Unmoved in the mad universe of Goonery was an artistic and intellectual force to be reckoned with. Further study of Spike Milligan can only to lead to a greater appreciation of how far ahead of his time he truly was.

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Although largely ignored by Western historians, Japanese overseas radio propaganda during World War Two was sophisticated and wide-ranging. Regular overseas radio broadcasting began in Japan in 1935, after several European powers had already begun such services. Following the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931, research into short-wave radio broadcasting was expanded, and after Japan left the League of Nations in 1933, overseas radio was considered essential to present the Japanese government's views abroad. Radio Tokyo broadcasts began in Japanese and English and were initially directed at the United States. Other languages were soon added and the range of broadcasts extended to Europe, South America and the Pacific region. At its height in 1944, Radio Tokyo broadcast to fifteen transmission regions in thirty-three languages. In addition, Japanese-controlled short-wave stations broadcast from fifteen Asian cities under Japanese occupation Themes used in broadcasts varied according to the war situation and the target country. However, certain common themes were used in broadcasts throughout the war, and to most regions. The Japanese analysis of the war situation often formed the central element of news broadcasts, and reconstruction in occupied regions under Japanese administration was frequently emphasised to indicate the benevolence of Japanese rule. Within Asia, independence from colonial rule was advocated, whilst in broadcasts to the enemy the strength of Japanese combat forces was emphasised. Entertainment programmes were developed gradually from 1935. Most such broadcasts were based on Japanese domestic broadcasts and consisted of serious talks, news and some classical music. It was recognised that this was not the format of popular Western broadcasts and several attempts were made to lighten the output of Radio Tokyo. It was allowed to play jazz music, which was banned within Japan, but it was only by using prisoners-of-war in the production of programmes that the Japanese created truly ''Western-style'' broadcasts. This thesis traces the development of Japanese overseas broadcasting from the first experimental broadcasts to the closure of Radio Tokyo by the American occupation forces in 1945. It also analyses the common themes of radio broadcasts in the China Incident and Pacific War and to assess how successful they were as propaganda. The thesis concludes that Japanese overseas radio propaganda was both sophisticated and flexible in its approaches. It showed little resemblance to the propaganda of Nazi Germany, but more to the propaganda of the wartime B.B.C. Many of its broadcasts contained a high degree of "truth," albeit "selective truth," favourable to Japan. The exception was the propaganda issued by the Army and Navy Ministries, which showed little of the sophistication of regular broadcast material.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of frequency, and polarization on radio wave propagation in urbanized areas for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data links, and command and control. The transmission from a UAV operating over a small city was simulated using the Urbana Wireless Toolset. Parameters that were varied include frequency, antenna polarization, UAV altitude, and building materials. Multiple reflections and diffractions were included in the simulation. In each case signal contours were generated at discrete frequencies over a 50 MHz bandwidth. It was observed that the signal levels varied up to over the bands at a fixed observation point due to frequency-dependent reflection and diffraction. / 1st Lieutenant, Turkish Air Force

Currently, there is no infrastructure in place to provide data networking capabilities to ground-based tactical units below the battalion level. Legacy, voice-centric radios, organic to these units, possesses no inherent packet switched networking capability. The infrastructure for such a network is presented in this thesis. Specifically, with the SINCGARS providing the Physical Layer, a software-implemented Data Link Layer is presented. Both an Aloha-like and a CSMA protocol are implemented for media access control. Additionally, a novel routing algorithm, Expected Relative Positioning with Congestion Avoidance (ERP/CA), is presented as the Network Layer protocol. This protocol is optimized for military application, using policies regarding movement and positioning within formations to inform its routing selections. Finally, a prototype application is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed small tactical unit, mobile ad hoc network infrastructure. The application is used in the functional testing of the layer 2 and layer 3 protocols. Results of the functional testing are presented.

Une nouvelle approche de la conversion numérique analogique des signaux RF est proposée au sein d'une chaîne d'émission basée sur le principe de la modulation delta-sigma qui fournit un signal sur 1 bit à haute cadence dans le cadre de la recherche sur la radio logicielle. Le standard choisi pour démontrer ce concept est l'UMTS. La conversion numérique analogique du signal radiofréquence a été réalisée en mode tension pour des raisons d'efficacité par l'intermédiaire d'un amplificateur de puissance commuté. Afin de générer suffisamment de puissance avec les technologies submicroniques fonctionnant à faibles tensions d'alimentation, un combineur de puissance différentiel cinq voies avec des lignes de transmission à éléments localisés a été réalisé dans des technologies CMOS 65nm et IPD (Integrated Passive Devices), toutes deux développées par ST Microelectronics. Cette architecture offre en plus la possibilité de réaliser un filtre semi numérique reconfigurable qui permet de créer des zéros de transmission dans les bandes voisines du standard considéré. Les mesures réalisées sur un système comprenant le générateur numérique delta-sigma ainsi que le combineur de puissance à lignes de transmission et le filtrage numérique reconfigurable permettent de valider les différents principes développés dans cette thèse. Le combineur de puissance permet d'obtenir une puissance de 18dBm pour un signal sinusoïdal dans la bande fondamentale grâce à un gain en puissance relatif pour cinq voies de 14dB à 1.2GHz. / Ln this work a novel approach to D/A conversion of RF signais is developed in the context of a transmission chain based on delta-sigma modulation, providing a very high speed 1 bit digital signal, suitable for software-defined radio (SDR). The standard chosen to demonstrate this con cep is UMTS. Digital to analogue conversion is realized here in a voltage-mode for efficiency reasons thanks to a switching Power Amplifier. ln order to provide enough power with low voltage deep-submicron technologies, a five channels differential power combiner using lumped element transmission lines has been realised in 65nm CMOS and Integrated Passive Devices (IPD) processes, both developed by ST Microelectronics. A reconfigurable semi-digital filter can be realized in the latter architecture ln order to create notches in the nearby frequency bands. Measurements are made on a full system, comprising a digital delta-sigma signal generator, a 5-path power combiner and a reconfigurable digital filtering. The 5-path power combiner allows a maximal output power for a single tone in fundamental band of 18dBm thanks to a 14dB relative power gain at 1.2GHz.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The objective of this thesis is to synthesize signals with a dynamically change power spectral density, in a SDR transmitter, utilizing the most appropriate channels, modulation schemes and transmission rates for communication, based on the noise profile (AWGN plus interferences) of the link, in order to achieve performance within some predefined acceptable levels. The objective is obtained by simulation. / Major, Hellenic Army

Este trabalho busca contar a trajetória do Balancê, programa radiofônico de variedades que estreou em 07 de abril de 1980 na Rádio Excelsior AM, pertencente à Rede Globo de Rádio e Televisão, e foi encerrado em novembro de 1988 no pool de transmissão das rádios Record e Gazeta AM, todas emissoras da cidade de São Paulo. Uma das experiências mais singulares do rádio brasileiro, o Balancê foi realizado pela equipe de esportes da Rádio Globo, mas não abordou apenas assuntos esportivos, dedicando suas pautas à política, às artes e à cultura, sempre com uma abordagem ampla, descontraída e bem-humorada, levando aos seus microfones o momento vivido pela sociedade brasileira no processo de redemocratização, ao longo da década de 1980. A primeira parte trata da história do programa, a partir de uma grande transformação vivida pelo rádio na década de 1960, para esclarecer suas maiores realizações, o papel dos seus principais personagens e, também, o contexto de mercado ao qual o programa esteve inserido em sua evolução. A narrativa histórica foi construída a partir de matérias de jornais e revistas, materiais bibliográficos referenciais e, principalmente, gravações do programa e entrevistas gravadas com vários participantes da atração. A segunda parte busca observar esse quadro histórico sob o prisma dos elementos fundamentais da radiofonia, observados por Gisela Swetlana Ortriwano e Jesús Martín-Barberto, de modo a compreender, no exemplo prático do Balancê, como esses elementos funcionaram, quais foram os méritos do programa dentro desse campo conceitual e o que seu exemplo agrega ao corpo de conhecimento relacionado ao rádio. / This paper aims to tell the story of Balancê, a variety radio show that premiered on April 7th, 1980 on Excelsior AM Radio, of the Globo Radio and Television Network, and ended on November 1988 on Record and Gazeta AM broadcasting pool, all broadcasters of São Paulo city. One of the most extraordinary events in Brazilian radio history, Balancê was developed by the sports department of Globo Radio, but it did not only discussed sports. It also delved into politics, culture and the arts, always with a broad, relaxed and good humored approach. The show brought to its microphones the moment lived by the Brazilian society during the process of redemocratization in 1980s. The first part deals with the history of the show, beginning with the great transformation of radio broadcasting in the 1960s, the media\'s major achievements, the role of its main characters and the show\'s context during this era. The research is based on newspapers and magazines materials, bibliographical references and most importantly, archival recordings and interviews with several participants of the show. The second part deals with the observation of this historical path of radio broadcasting with the support of the radiophonics fundamental elements set by Gisela Swetlana Ortriwano and Jesús Martín-Barberto. With Balancê as a practical example, we will observe how these elements worked, and what were the merits of the show within this field. The study of this show adds more knowledge to our understanging of how radio works.

Digital treinsmission of information is finding an ever-increasing number of applications in the leind-mobile radio service. There is a possibility that in the long term, due to the increasing demand for mobile radio channels, their bandwidths will be reduced to 5kHz. A digital minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation scheme is proposed in this work for narrow band digital mobile radio transmission. The design and implementation of an MSK modulator and coherent and noncoherent demodulators are given. Their structure is highly flexible and can accommodate a wide range of medium digital transmission rates. The demodulators were tested for the transmission of 2.4kbit/sec in simulated typical land-mobile radio transmission conditions. The results of these tests favoured the use of the noncoherent demodulator for this type of application. Achieving spectrum efficiency in this proposed scheme relies on postmodulation filtering of the MSK signal. A polar loop VHF transmitter was tested for high efficiency linear power amplification of the MSK signal. It proved its validity for this type of application. A digital clock recovery circuit suitable for use in mobile radio conditions has also been built and tested. The principles of the circuit operation and its implementation are discussed.