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Este trabalho busca contar a trajetória do Balancê, programa radiofônico de variedades que estreou em 07 de abril de 1980 na Rádio Excelsior AM, pertencente à Rede Globo de Rádio e Televisão, e foi encerrado em novembro de 1988 no pool de transmissão das rádios Record e Gazeta AM, todas emissoras da cidade de São Paulo. Uma das experiências mais singulares do rádio brasileiro, o Balancê foi realizado pela equipe de esportes da Rádio Globo, mas não abordou apenas assuntos esportivos, dedicando suas pautas à política, às artes e à cultura, sempre com uma abordagem ampla, descontraída e bem-humorada, levando aos seus microfones o momento vivido pela sociedade brasileira no processo de redemocratização, ao longo da década de 1980. A primeira parte trata da história do programa, a partir de uma grande transformação vivida pelo rádio na década de 1960, para esclarecer suas maiores realizações, o papel dos seus principais personagens e, também, o contexto de mercado ao qual o programa esteve inserido em sua evolução. A narrativa histórica foi construída a partir de matérias de jornais e revistas, materiais bibliográficos referenciais e, principalmente, gravações do programa e entrevistas gravadas com vários participantes da atração. A segunda parte busca observar esse quadro histórico sob o prisma dos elementos fundamentais da radiofonia, observados por Gisela Swetlana Ortriwano e Jesús Martín-Barberto, de modo a compreender, no exemplo prático do Balancê, como esses elementos funcionaram, quais foram os méritos do programa dentro desse campo conceitual e o que seu exemplo agrega ao corpo de conhecimento relacionado ao rádio. / This paper aims to tell the story of Balancê, a variety radio show that premiered on April 7th, 1980 on Excelsior AM Radio, of the Globo Radio and Television Network, and ended on November 1988 on Record and Gazeta AM broadcasting pool, all broadcasters of São Paulo city. One of the most extraordinary events in Brazilian radio history, Balancê was developed by the sports department of Globo Radio, but it did not only discussed sports. It also delved into politics, culture and the arts, always with a broad, relaxed and good humored approach. The show brought to its microphones the moment lived by the Brazilian society during the process of redemocratization in 1980s. The first part deals with the history of the show, beginning with the great transformation of radio broadcasting in the 1960s, the media\'s major achievements, the role of its main characters and the show\'s context during this era. The research is based on newspapers and magazines materials, bibliographical references and most importantly, archival recordings and interviews with several participants of the show. The second part deals with the observation of this historical path of radio broadcasting with the support of the radiophonics fundamental elements set by Gisela Swetlana Ortriwano and Jesús Martín-Barberto. With Balancê as a practical example, we will observe how these elements worked, and what were the merits of the show within this field. The study of this show adds more knowledge to our understanging of how radio works.

M.Ing. / Intelligent object identification (the ability to find the identity, position and orientation of an remote object) in a Manufacturing environment plays an important role in the areas of Automation and Manufacturing. Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have solve the problem of finding the identity of a remote object, but it fails to determine the position and orientation. The Global Positioning System (GPS) have a solution to find the position of a remote object in the global environment, but in a Manufacturing environment it fails. The main obstacle to overcome in finding a unique solution with radio frequency technology is reflections. This thesis investigates the idea of finding the identity, position (and orientation) of a (dormant) chip remotely. The chip transmits a binary signal at 244kHz. The string is Amplitude modulated. The receiver demodulates the signal to obtain the chip's identity. The receiver antenna is divided into four quadrants. First the quadrant in which the chip is located are determined. Three different voltages are then measured to obtain the position of the chip in the specific quadrant. Reflections can be ignored since the system works at a low frequency.

M.Comm. / As a result of the deregulation of the South African Broadcasting Service one hundred and twenty six new radio stations were established in 1994. Radio stations were forced to change their character and face because more private and community radio station licenses were issued. The effect these changes have on radio stations had not yet been examined. Changes and uncertainties, as mentioned, also influence radio stations in a negative way and RSG (Radiosondergrense) is no exception. Radio stations are now responsible for their own survival. The future of radio stations are uncertain. A market orientated management philosophy might solve the problem. Marketing theory confirms that a market orientation generates profit, while focusing on customers and competitors. With the abovementioned as background and the uncertainty of the different marketing options, the objective of this study is to supply definite guidelines on how a market orientation can be implemented in the radio industry.

Improving the efficiency of spectrum access and utilization under the umbrella of cognitive radio (CR) is one of the most crucial research areas for nearly two decades. The results have been algorithms called cognitive radio engines which use machine learning (ML) to learn and adapt the communication's link based on the operating scenarios. While a number of algorithms for cognitive engine design have been identified, it is widely understood that significant room remains to grow the capabilities of the cognitive engines, and substantially better spectrum utilization and higher throughput can be achieved if cognitive engines are improved. This requires working through some difficult challenges and takes an innovative look at the problem. A tenet of the existing cognitive engine designs is that they are usually designed around one primary ML algorithm or framework. In this dissertation, we discover that it is entirely possible for an algorithm to perform better in one operating scenario (combination of channel conditions, available energy, and operational objectives such as max throughput, and max energy efficiency) while performing less effectively in other operating scenarios. This arises due to the unique behavior of an individual ML algorithm regardless of its operating conditions. Therefore, there is no individual algorithm or parameter sets that have superiority in performance over all other algorithms or parameter sets in all operating scenarios. Using the same algorithm at all times may present a performance that is acceptable, yet may not be the best possible performance under all operating scenarios we are faced with over time. Ideally, the system should be able to adapt its behavior by switching between various ML algorithms or adjusting the operating ML algorithm for the prevailing operating conditions and goal. In this dissertation, we introduce a novel architecture for cognitive radio engines, with the goal of better cognitive engines for improved link adaptation in order to enhance spectrum utilization. This architecture is capable of meta-reasoning and metacognition and the algorithms developed based on this architecture are called metacognitive engines (meta-CE). Meta-reasoning and metacognitive abilities provide for self-assessment, self-awareness, and inherent use and adaptation of multiple methods for link adaptation and utilization. In this work, we provide four different implementation instances of the proposed meta-CE architecture. First, a meta-CE which is equipped with a classification algorithm to find the most appropriate individual cognitive engine algorithm for each operating scenario. The meta-CE switches between the individual cognitive engine algorithms to decrease the training period of the learning algorithms and not only find the most optimal communication configuration in the fastest possible time but also provide the acceptable performance during its training period. Second, we provide different knowledge indicators for estimating the experience level of cognitive engine algorithms. We introduce a meta-CE equipped with these knowledge indicators extracted from metacognitive knowledge component. This meta-CE adjusts the exploration factors of learning algorithms to gain higher performance and decrease training time. The third implementation of meta-CE is based on the robust training algorithm (RoTA) which switches and adjusts the individual cognitive engine algorithms to guarantee a minimum performance level during the training phase. This meta-CE is also equipped with forgetting factor to deal with non-stationary channel scenarios. The last implementation of meta-CE enables the individual cognitive engine algorithms to handle delayed feedback scenarios. We analyze the impact of delayed feedback on cognitive radio engines' performances in two cases of constant and varying delay. Then we propose two meta-CEs to address the delayed feedback problem in cognitive engine algorithms. Our experimental results show that the meta-CE approach, when utilized for a CRS engine performed about 20 percent better (total throughput) than the second best performing algorithm, because of its ability to learn about its own learning and adaptation. In effect, the meta-CE is able to deliver about 70% more data than the CE with the fixed exploration rate in the 1000 decision steps. Moreover, the knowledge indicator (KI) autocorrelation plots show that the proposed KIs can predict the performance of the CEs as early as 100 time steps in advance. In non-stationary environments, the proposed RoTA based meta-CE guarantees the minimum required performance of a CRS while it’s searching for the optimal communication configurations. The RoTA based meta-CE delivers at least about 45% more data than the other algorithms in non-stationary scenarios when the channel conditions are often fluctuating. Furthermore, in delayed feedback scenarios, our results show that the proposed meta-CE algorithms are able to mitigate the adverse impact of delay in low latency scenarios and relieve the effects in high latency situations. The proposed algorithms show a minimum of 15% improvement in their performance compared to the other available delayed feedback strategies in literature. We also empirically tested the algorithms introduced in this dissertation and verified the results therein by designing an over the air (OTA) radio setup. For our experiments, we used GNU Radio and LiquidDSP as free software development toolkits that provide signal processing blocks to implement software-defined radios and signal-processing systems such as modulation, pulse-shaping, frame detection, equalization, and others. We also used two USRP N200 with WBX daughterboards, one as a transmitter and the other as a receiver. In these experiments, we monitored the packet success rate (PSR), throughput, and total data transferred as our key performance indicators (KPI). Then, we tested different proposed meta-CE algorithms in this dissertation to verify the productivity of the proposed algorithms in an OTA real-time radio setup. We showed that the experiments’ outputs support our simulations results as well.

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M.Ed. (Media Studies) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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Statement of work: In essence the research work was to focus on the development of an ionospheric model suitable for real time HF frequency prediction and direction finding applications. The modelling of the ionosphere had to be generic in nature, sufficient to ensure that the CSIR could simultaneously secure commercial competitiveness in each of the three niche market areas aforementioned, while requiring only minimal changes to software architecture in the case of each application. A little research quickly showed that the development of an ionospheric model capable of driving a HFDFSSL system in "real time" would result in one having to make only slight re-structuring of the software to facilitate application of the same model in the areas of real time frequency prediction and spectrum management. The decision made at the outset of the project to slant the research toward the development of a model best suited for HF direction finding applications is reflected in the avenues followed during the course of the modelling process