O hipertireoidismo da doença de Graves é a forma mais comum de hipertireoidismo em pacientes entre 20-50 anos. Três abordagens terapêuticas são atualmente utilizadas, drogas antitireoidiana, cirurgia e iodo radioativo (131I). O iodo radioativo tem sido cada vez mais aceito como primeira escolha terapêutica, porque é um tratamento seguro, definitivo e de fácil administração. O risco de piora do quadro de tireotoxicose após administração do 131I, os fatores prognósticos de falência e o cálculo da dose administrada têm sido alguns dos aspectos discutidos na literatura recentemente, e constituem o foco desta artigo. Em pacientes com bócios pequenos (<30g), crianças e adolescentes, e em situações especiais como na gravidez, as drogas antitireoidianas ainda é a primeira escolha no tratamento para a maioria dos autores. O tratamento cirúrgico é, atualmente, quase um tratamento de exceção, com indicação restrita para os casos em que as terapias anteriores não possam ser utilizadas. / Graves’ disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism and current treatment options are antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (131I) and surgery. Radioactive iodine is increasingly being used as definitive therapy, because it long has proven to be a safe, cheap and effective treatment. The risk of exacerbation of hyperthyroidism after 131I administration, factors that may predict the response to radioiodine and the dose to be administrated have been discussed in the literature and we comment the controversies in this review. In patients with mild disease, small goiters, children, adolescents and in special situations, as pregnancy, antityhyroid drugs are still the first choice of treatment for most authors. Surgery is rarely employed, and it is indicated only in cases where antithyroid drugs have not been effective and radioiodine is contraindicated or not acceptable by the patients.

O hipertireoidismo da doença de Graves é a forma mais comum de hipertireoidismo em pacientes entre 20-50 anos. Três abordagens terapêuticas são atualmente utilizadas, drogas antitireoidiana, cirurgia e iodo radioativo (131I). O iodo radioativo tem sido cada vez mais aceito como primeira escolha terapêutica, porque é um tratamento seguro, definitivo e de fácil administração. O risco de piora do quadro de tireotoxicose após administração do 131I, os fatores prognósticos de falência e o cálculo da dose administrada têm sido alguns dos aspectos discutidos na literatura recentemente, e constituem o foco desta artigo. Em pacientes com bócios pequenos (<30g), crianças e adolescentes, e em situações especiais como na gravidez, as drogas antitireoidianas ainda é a primeira escolha no tratamento para a maioria dos autores. O tratamento cirúrgico é, atualmente, quase um tratamento de exceção, com indicação restrita para os casos em que as terapias anteriores não possam ser utilizadas. / Graves’ disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism and current treatment options are antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (131I) and surgery. Radioactive iodine is increasingly being used as definitive therapy, because it long has proven to be a safe, cheap and effective treatment. The risk of exacerbation of hyperthyroidism after 131I administration, factors that may predict the response to radioiodine and the dose to be administrated have been discussed in the literature and we comment the controversies in this review. In patients with mild disease, small goiters, children, adolescents and in special situations, as pregnancy, antityhyroid drugs are still the first choice of treatment for most authors. Surgery is rarely employed, and it is indicated only in cases where antithyroid drugs have not been effective and radioiodine is contraindicated or not acceptable by the patients.

O hipertireoidismo da doença de Graves é a forma mais comum de hipertireoidismo em pacientes entre 20-50 anos. Três abordagens terapêuticas são atualmente utilizadas, drogas antitireoidiana, cirurgia e iodo radioativo (131I). O iodo radioativo tem sido cada vez mais aceito como primeira escolha terapêutica, porque é um tratamento seguro, definitivo e de fácil administração. O risco de piora do quadro de tireotoxicose após administração do 131I, os fatores prognósticos de falência e o cálculo da dose administrada têm sido alguns dos aspectos discutidos na literatura recentemente, e constituem o foco desta artigo. Em pacientes com bócios pequenos (<30g), crianças e adolescentes, e em situações especiais como na gravidez, as drogas antitireoidianas ainda é a primeira escolha no tratamento para a maioria dos autores. O tratamento cirúrgico é, atualmente, quase um tratamento de exceção, com indicação restrita para os casos em que as terapias anteriores não possam ser utilizadas. / Graves’ disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism and current treatment options are antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (131I) and surgery. Radioactive iodine is increasingly being used as definitive therapy, because it long has proven to be a safe, cheap and effective treatment. The risk of exacerbation of hyperthyroidism after 131I administration, factors that may predict the response to radioiodine and the dose to be administrated have been discussed in the literature and we comment the controversies in this review. In patients with mild disease, small goiters, children, adolescents and in special situations, as pregnancy, antityhyroid drugs are still the first choice of treatment for most authors. Surgery is rarely employed, and it is indicated only in cases where antithyroid drugs have not been effective and radioiodine is contraindicated or not acceptable by the patients.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and affects millions of people every year. Furthermore, the available treatments often lead to severe side effects, thus improving radiation treatment is meaningful. Photoactivation therapy seeks to build in heavy atoms into the DNA of cancer cells, as markers, then activating them to cause secondary radiation that damages the DNA of the targeted cells only. This has been suggested but is not well understood. Hence this study seeks to investigate how a reduced model system of iodine-marked DNA is fragmented due to ionization. Computer simulations with eleven separate starting configurations of the molecule 5-iodocytidine were analyzed, for ionization levels from an average 0.03 up to 0.33 electrons removed per atom (e/N), during 200 femtoseconds (fs). A Python program was written in order to estimate bond sensitivities and identify fragments. While 5-iodocytidine resembles an iodized DNA-base it is still a rather simple model system, far from a double stranded DNA chain, and the simulations were limited to non-targeted ionization and an isolated environment. Results of this thesis include that the sugar ”backbone” of 5-iodocytidine seems to be most sensitive to ionization, fragmenting in several pieces after 150-200 fs at ionization levels of 0.30-0.33 e/N, while the rest of the molecule mostly remained intact. These results appear promising since back bone fragmentation is crucial for disrupting cancer cell growth. / Cancer är den näst största dödsorsaken i världen och påverkar miljontals människor varje år. Dessutom leder tillgängliga behandlingar ofta till allvarliga bieffekter, därför är det meningsfullt att förbättra strålbehandling. Fotoaktiveringsterapi går ut på att bygga in tunga atomer i cancercellernas DNA, som markörer, och därefter aktivera dem för att orsaka sekundär strålning vilket endast skadar de fokuserade cellerna. Detta har studerats men processerna är inte fullt klarlagda, därför ämnar denna studie att undersöka hur ett förenklat modelsystem av jod-märkt DNA fragmenteras till följd av jonisering. Datorsimuleringar för elva olika begynnelsevillkor av molekylen 5-iodocytidine analyserades, för joniseringsnivåer från ett genomsnitt 0.03 upp till 0.33 borttagna elektroner per atom (e/N), under 200 femtosekunder (fs). Ett Pythonprogram skrevs i syfte att uppskatta bindningarnas känslighet och identifiera fragment. Även om 5-iodocytidine liknar en jodiserad DNA-bas så är det fortfarande ett tämligen enkelt modelsystem, långt ifrån två sammanbunda DNA-strängar. Simuleringarna var dessutom avgränsade till icke-fokuserande jonisering och en isolerad omgivning. Resultat från den här avhandlingen innefattar att socker-”ryggraden” av 5-iodocytidine verkar vara mest känslig för jonisering, och fragmenteras i flera bitar efter 150-200 fs vid joniseringnivåer 0.30-0.33 e/N, medan resten av molekylen oftast förblir intakt. Dessa resultat ser lovande ut eftersom fragmentering av ryggraden är särskilt viktig för att hämma tillväxten av cancerceller.

Dentre as possibilidades de tratamento para o hipertireoidismo em gatos, a terapia com iodo radioativo I-131 (radioiodoterapia) apresenta inúmeras vantagens em relação ao tratamento cirúrgico e medicamentoso, por ser capaz de atuar em tecidos tireoidianos ectópicos e por se tratar de um procedimento simples, efetivo, não invasivo, isento de riscos anestésicos e complicações pós cirúrgicas, com a possibilidade de efeitos colaterais mínimos. Foi realizado um estudo clínico longitudinal retrospectivo com 60 gatos hipertireoideos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da terapia com iodo radioativo (I-131) em dois grupos: gatos tratados previamente com metimazol (n=30) e gatos não submetidos a tratamento farmacológico prévio (n=30). As fêmeas constituiram 60% dos pacientes avaliados (36/60). Os gatos sem definição racial foram os mais frequentes, representando 81,6% da população estudada (49/60). A média de idade dos gatos nos dois grupos foi de 13 anos e sete meses (p=0,08). A média da concentração sérica de T4 total dos gatos antes da aplicação de I-131 também foi similar entre os grupos, i.e. 12,33&micro;g/dL no grupo de gatos em que o metimazol foi administrado e 10,13 &micro;/dL no grupo de gatos que não recebeu metimazol anteriormente (p=0,2). A dose de I- 131 utilizada (2,0-4,1 mCi /74-151,7 Mbq) foi efetiva para suprimir o T4 total nos dois grupos, porém, a resposta dos gatos não tratados com metimazol foi superior, mesmo recebendo dose inferior de I-131. Após a terapia com I-131, a mediana de T4 total sérico do grupo não tratado por metimazol foi de 1,82&micro;g/ dL em comparação a mediana de 3,20&micro;g/dL encontrada no grupo tratado com metimazol (p=0,04). As medianas das doses aplicadas foram 3,08 mCi e 2,70 mCi para o grupo tratado por metimazol e para o grupo não tratado por metimazol, respectivamente (p=0,1). Dos 30 gatos do grupo que recebeu metimazol previamente a terapia com I-131, dez (33,3%) apresentaram valores de T4 sérico dentro do intervalo de referência, oito (26,7%) tiveram o T4 total sérico abaixo dos valores de referência, 12 (40%) tiveram valores de T4 total sérico acima do valor de referência. Dos 30 gatos que não receberam terapia medicamentosa prévia, 14 gatos (46,7%) tiveram valores de T4 total sérico dentro do intervalo de referência, 12 gatos (40%) tiveram o T4 total sérico abaixo dos valores de referência e quatro gatos (13,3%) apresentaram valores de T4 total sérico acima do limite superior de referência. O tratamento prévio com metimazol correlacionou-se negativamente com a resposta à terapia com I-131 (kmo= 0,9, p = 0,02), sendo também considerado preditor de descompensação renal após terapia com I-131 (kmo = 0,6 e p = 0,009). As medianas de creatinina sérica pré tratamento com I-131, encontraram-se dentro dos valores de referência para a espécie felina, i.e. 1,02mg/dL no grupo tratado com metimazol e 1,09mg/dL no grupo não tratado por metimazol (p=0,3). A dosagem sérica de creatinina se diferiu entre os grupos na avaliação posterior ao tratamento com I-131 (p&lt;0,001). A média do grupo tratado com metimazol foi superior a do grupo não tratado, i.e. 1,86mg/dL vs. 1,48mg/dL, respectivamente. A classificação IRIS da DRC alterou em pelo menos um estágio em 22 de 39 gatos avaliados após a radioiodoterapia. Dezoito gatos evoluíram do estágio um para o estágio dois da DRC, dos quais 12 gatos eram do grupo tratado anteriormente com metimazol (66,7%) e seis gatos eram do grupo que não recebeu metimazol (33,3%). Quatro gatos passaram do estágio um para o três da DRC, todos eles pertenciam ao grupo tratado previamente com metimazol. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo sugerem que o tratamento com uma única aplicação de I-131 é efetivo para gatos, mesmo naqueles tratados previamente com terapia antitireoidiana farmacológica, contudo, a resposta foi otimizada nos gatos que utilizaram o I-131 como primeira linha de tratamento. A triagem inicial com metimazol se correlacionou à resposta menos favorável à terapia com I-131 e à maior progressão da DRC. / Among the possibilities of treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats, radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) has many advantages in relation to surgical and drug therapy, because it is effective in ectopic thyroid tissues and it is a simple, non-invasive procedure, free from anesthetic risks and post surgical complications, with the possibility of minimal side effects. A longitudinal retrospective clinical study with 60 hyperthyroid cats was conducted to evaluate the effect of radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) on two groups: cats previously treated with methimazole (n = 30) and cats not submitted to previous pharmacological treatment (n = 30). Cats with no racial definition were the most frequent, representing 81.6% of the studied population (49/60). The mean age of cats in both groups was 13 years and 7 months (p = 0.08). The mean of total T4 serum concentration of cats prior to the application of I-131 was also similar between the groups, i.e. 12.33 &micro;g / dL in the group of cats that methimazole was administered and 10.13 &micro;g / dL in the group of cats that did not receive methimazole previously (p = 0.2). The dose of I-131 used (2.0-4.1 mCi) was effective to suppress total T4 in both groups, but the response of cats not treated with methimazole was higher, even though they received a lower dose of I-131. After I- 131 therapy, the median of total serum T4 in non-methimazole group was 1.82 &micro;g/Dl compared to the median of 3.20 &micro;g/dL found in the methimazole group (p = 0.04).The median doses were 3.08 mCi and 2.70 mCi for the group treated with methimazole and the group not treated with methimazole, respectively (p = 0.1). Of the 30 cats in the group that received methimazole prior to I-131 therapy, ten (33.3%) presented serum T4 values within the reference range, eight (26.7%) had total serum T4 below reference values and 12 (40%) evaluated values of total serum T4 above the reference. Of the 30 cats that did not receive prior drug therapy, 14 cats (46.7%) had serum total T4 values within the reference range, 12 cats (40%) had total serum T4 below baseline values and four cats (13.3%) presented total serum T4 values above the upper reference limit. Pretreatment with methimazole correlated negatively with response to I-131 therapy (kmo = 0.9, p = 0.02), and it was also considered a predictor of renal decompensation after I-131 therapy (kmo = 0, 6 and p = 0.009). Before treatment with I-131 serum creatinine medians were within the reference values for feline species, i.e. 1.02 mg / dL in the methimazole group and 1.09 mg / dL in the group of cats not treated with methimazole (p= 0.3). Serum creatinine differed between groups in the post treatment evaluation with I-131 (p &ly;0.001), i.e. 1.86mg / dL in the treated group vs. 1.48mg / dL in the untreated group, respectively. The IRIS stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) changed in at least one stage in 22 of 39 cats evaluated after radioiodine therapy. Eighteen cats passed from stage one to stage two of CKD, wich 12 cats were from the previously treated group with methimazole (66.7%) and six cats from the group that not receive methimazole (33.3%). Four cats went from stage one to stage three of CKD, all of which belonged to the group previously treated with methimazole. The results found in this study suggest that treatment with a single application of I-131 is effective for cats, even in those treated previously with anti-thyroid drug therapy, however, the response was optimized in cats that used I-131 as a first-line treatment. Initial methimazole trial correlated with less favorable iodine radioactive therapy responses and greater progression of CKD.

Dentre as possibilidades de tratamento para o hipertireoidismo em gatos, a terapia com iodo radioativo I-131 (radioiodoterapia) apresenta inúmeras vantagens em relação ao tratamento cirúrgico e medicamentoso, por ser capaz de atuar em tecidos tireoidianos ectópicos e por se tratar de um procedimento simples, efetivo, não invasivo, isento de riscos anestésicos e complicações pós cirúrgicas, com a possibilidade de efeitos colaterais mínimos. Foi realizado um estudo clínico longitudinal retrospectivo com 60 gatos hipertireoideos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da terapia com iodo radioativo (I-131) em dois grupos: gatos tratados previamente com metimazol (n=30) e gatos não submetidos a tratamento farmacológico prévio (n=30). As fêmeas constituiram 60% dos pacientes avaliados (36/60). Os gatos sem definição racial foram os mais frequentes, representando 81,6% da população estudada (49/60). A média de idade dos gatos nos dois grupos foi de 13 anos e sete meses (p=0,08). A média da concentração sérica de T4 total dos gatos antes da aplicação de I-131 também foi similar entre os grupos, i.e. 12,33&micro;g/dL no grupo de gatos em que o metimazol foi administrado e 10,13 &micro;/dL no grupo de gatos que não recebeu metimazol anteriormente (p=0,2). A dose de I- 131 utilizada (2,0-4,1 mCi /74-151,7 Mbq) foi efetiva para suprimir o T4 total nos dois grupos, porém, a resposta dos gatos não tratados com metimazol foi superior, mesmo recebendo dose inferior de I-131. Após a terapia com I-131, a mediana de T4 total sérico do grupo não tratado por metimazol foi de 1,82&micro;g/ dL em comparação a mediana de 3,20&micro;g/dL encontrada no grupo tratado com metimazol (p=0,04). As medianas das doses aplicadas foram 3,08 mCi e 2,70 mCi para o grupo tratado por metimazol e para o grupo não tratado por metimazol, respectivamente (p=0,1). Dos 30 gatos do grupo que recebeu metimazol previamente a terapia com I-131, dez (33,3%) apresentaram valores de T4 sérico dentro do intervalo de referência, oito (26,7%) tiveram o T4 total sérico abaixo dos valores de referência, 12 (40%) tiveram valores de T4 total sérico acima do valor de referência. Dos 30 gatos que não receberam terapia medicamentosa prévia, 14 gatos (46,7%) tiveram valores de T4 total sérico dentro do intervalo de referência, 12 gatos (40%) tiveram o T4 total sérico abaixo dos valores de referência e quatro gatos (13,3%) apresentaram valores de T4 total sérico acima do limite superior de referência. O tratamento prévio com metimazol correlacionou-se negativamente com a resposta à terapia com I-131 (kmo= 0,9, p = 0,02), sendo também considerado preditor de descompensação renal após terapia com I-131 (kmo = 0,6 e p = 0,009). As medianas de creatinina sérica pré tratamento com I-131, encontraram-se dentro dos valores de referência para a espécie felina, i.e. 1,02mg/dL no grupo tratado com metimazol e 1,09mg/dL no grupo não tratado por metimazol (p=0,3). A dosagem sérica de creatinina se diferiu entre os grupos na avaliação posterior ao tratamento com I-131 (p&lt;0,001). A média do grupo tratado com metimazol foi superior a do grupo não tratado, i.e. 1,86mg/dL vs. 1,48mg/dL, respectivamente. A classificação IRIS da DRC alterou em pelo menos um estágio em 22 de 39 gatos avaliados após a radioiodoterapia. Dezoito gatos evoluíram do estágio um para o estágio dois da DRC, dos quais 12 gatos eram do grupo tratado anteriormente com metimazol (66,7%) e seis gatos eram do grupo que não recebeu metimazol (33,3%). Quatro gatos passaram do estágio um para o três da DRC, todos eles pertenciam ao grupo tratado previamente com metimazol. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo sugerem que o tratamento com uma única aplicação de I-131 é efetivo para gatos, mesmo naqueles tratados previamente com terapia antitireoidiana farmacológica, contudo, a resposta foi otimizada nos gatos que utilizaram o I-131 como primeira linha de tratamento. A triagem inicial com metimazol se correlacionou à resposta menos favorável à terapia com I-131 e à maior progressão da DRC. / Among the possibilities of treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats, radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) has many advantages in relation to surgical and drug therapy, because it is effective in ectopic thyroid tissues and it is a simple, non-invasive procedure, free from anesthetic risks and post surgical complications, with the possibility of minimal side effects. A longitudinal retrospective clinical study with 60 hyperthyroid cats was conducted to evaluate the effect of radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) on two groups: cats previously treated with methimazole (n = 30) and cats not submitted to previous pharmacological treatment (n = 30). Cats with no racial definition were the most frequent, representing 81.6% of the studied population (49/60). The mean age of cats in both groups was 13 years and 7 months (p = 0.08). The mean of total T4 serum concentration of cats prior to the application of I-131 was also similar between the groups, i.e. 12.33 &micro;g / dL in the group of cats that methimazole was administered and 10.13 &micro;g / dL in the group of cats that did not receive methimazole previously (p = 0.2). The dose of I-131 used (2.0-4.1 mCi) was effective to suppress total T4 in both groups, but the response of cats not treated with methimazole was higher, even though they received a lower dose of I-131. After I- 131 therapy, the median of total serum T4 in non-methimazole group was 1.82 &micro;g/Dl compared to the median of 3.20 &micro;g/dL found in the methimazole group (p = 0.04).The median doses were 3.08 mCi and 2.70 mCi for the group treated with methimazole and the group not treated with methimazole, respectively (p = 0.1). Of the 30 cats in the group that received methimazole prior to I-131 therapy, ten (33.3%) presented serum T4 values within the reference range, eight (26.7%) had total serum T4 below reference values and 12 (40%) evaluated values of total serum T4 above the reference. Of the 30 cats that did not receive prior drug therapy, 14 cats (46.7%) had serum total T4 values within the reference range, 12 cats (40%) had total serum T4 below baseline values and four cats (13.3%) presented total serum T4 values above the upper reference limit. Pretreatment with methimazole correlated negatively with response to I-131 therapy (kmo = 0.9, p = 0.02), and it was also considered a predictor of renal decompensation after I-131 therapy (kmo = 0, 6 and p = 0.009). Before treatment with I-131 serum creatinine medians were within the reference values for feline species, i.e. 1.02 mg / dL in the methimazole group and 1.09 mg / dL in the group of cats not treated with methimazole (p= 0.3). Serum creatinine differed between groups in the post treatment evaluation with I-131 (p &ly;0.001), i.e. 1.86mg / dL in the treated group vs. 1.48mg / dL in the untreated group, respectively. The IRIS stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) changed in at least one stage in 22 of 39 cats evaluated after radioiodine therapy. Eighteen cats passed from stage one to stage two of CKD, wich 12 cats were from the previously treated group with methimazole (66.7%) and six cats from the group that not receive methimazole (33.3%). Four cats went from stage one to stage three of CKD, all of which belonged to the group previously treated with methimazole. The results found in this study suggest that treatment with a single application of I-131 is effective for cats, even in those treated previously with anti-thyroid drug therapy, however, the response was optimized in cats that used I-131 as a first-line treatment. Initial methimazole trial correlated with less favorable iodine radioactive therapy responses and greater progression of CKD.

Não consta resumo na publicação. / Soybean derivatives were tested in rat through acute experiments of 3 to 24 hours and two semichronic experiments of 16 and 29 days. The acute essay were realized with Total Extracts (TEs) obtained from Defated Soybean Flour (DSF) by precipitation in an aquous medium (pH4,2) and posteriorly in acetone (2 vol.). It was observed that the Total Autoclaved Extract (TAE) administered by gastric tube after 6 and 24 hours decreased the percentage of iodine (13lI) uptake by 100 gr. of rat. The Total Extract, without previous autoclaving showed effect on the gland after 6 hours and lost its activity 24 hours after its administration. TEs obtained from Comercial Soybean Products as: Proteic Concentrate, Tosted Flour and Milk also provoked a decrease in percentage of iodine (131I) uptake after 24 hours by 100 gr. of rat. The semichronic experiments were realized with soybean fraction products, which were incorporated to experimental diet. The first semichronic essay of 16 days, showed a reduction in percentage of iodide (131I) uptake by 10 mg of thyroid and an increase of the triiodothyronine-binding capacity of rat serum. In the second semichronic of 29 days, we had an increase in the percentage of iodine (13lI) uptake by 10 mg of thyroid caused by the factor in study and no alteration of seric hormones. We also assayed the thyroid hormones and their precursors in this essay and observed na increase of monoiodotyrosine (MIT), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and a decrease of diiodotyrosine (DIT) and inorganic iodine. We also observed, and increase in the MIT/DIT ratio and decrease in T3/T4 ratio. In preliminary physicochemical tests, the fraction sephadex G-25 showed a positive reaction for ninhidrin, Molish and flavonoids.

Le traitement initial des cancers différenciés de la thyroïde (CTD) consiste en une thyroïdectomie totale suivie, dans de nombreux cas par l’administration d’iode 131. Après thyroïdectomie totale, un traitement par iode 131 est indiqué en fonction des caractéristiques tumorales initiales. Chez les patients à risque élevé de rechute il est recommandé d’administrer une forte activité d’iode 131. Chez les patients à très faible risque il est recommandé de ne pas administrer d’iode 131. Dans le groupe intermédiaire, il a été montré par deux études prospectives multicentriques randomisées (ESTIMABL et HILO) qu’une activité de 1,1 GBq (30 mCi) administrée après TSHrh (Thyroid Stimulating Hormon recombinante humaine) était adaptée. La désescalade thérapeutique se poursuit dans le cadre d’un autre essai prospectif randomisé (ESTIMABL 2) comparant une activité de 30 mCi après injection de TSHrh à une simple surveillance. Chez les patients avec maladie résiduelle la tomographie par émission de positon couplée à un scanner (TEP/TDM) au fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) est un examen clé avec une valeur à la fois diagnostique et thérapeutique. Les fixations de FDG permettent de localiser la maladie résiduelle, surtout lorsqu’elle ne capte pas l’iode. Chez les patients dont le site de récidive n’est pas déterminé par l’échographie cervicale, la TEP/TDM au FDG est plus sensible que la scintigraphie post-thérapeutique réalisée après administration d’une forte activité d’iode 131 (dite activité empirique) et est considéré comme l’examen de première intention. La réalisation d’une stimulation par TSHrh avant la TEP au FDG augmente le nombre de lésions détectées et donc sa sensibilité sans que les modifications thérapeutiques qui en découlent soient néanmoins significatives. Le rôle de la TEP FDG dans la sélection des patients nécessitant un traitement par inhibiteur de tyrosine kinase et dans l’évaluation antitumorale des inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase reste à démontrer. L’utilisation d’ITK pour ré-induire les fixations d’iode 131 sont une voie majeure de développement pour les patients ayant une maladie réfractaire à l’iode 131. / Initial treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer is based on a total thyroidectomy and in many cases on the administration of radioactive iodine. Following total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine is given, based on the primary tumor characteristics. In case of a very low risk of recurrence it is recommended not to give radioactive treatment. In case of high risk patients, a high activity of radioactive iodine is given after TSH stimulation. In case of intermediate risk patients, two randomized prospective studies (ESTIMABL and HILO) have shown that an activity of 1,1 GBq (30 mCi) given after rhTSH (recombinant human Thyroid Stimulating Hormon) was adequate. A further step is taken towards less treatment has now been undertaken with the ESTIMABL2 study, a prospective randomized study comparing a treatment with 1,1 GBq (30 mCi) of radioactive iodine treatment to follow-up without ablation. In patients with persistent disease, positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a key examination used for its diagnostic and prognostic value. Foci of FDG uptake can localize residual disease, especially when it does not take up radioactive iodine. In patients in whom the site of recurrence remains unknown after a neck ultrasonography PET/CT with FDG is more sensitive than a post-therapeutic whole body scan performed after the administration of a high activity of radioactive iodine (empiric iodine) and should be considered as the first examination to perform. Injections of rhTSH before doing FDG PET/CT allow to increase the number of lesions detected, however the treatment changes linked to this preparation remains minor. The role of FDG PET/CT in the selection of patients to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and to assess metabolic tumor response remains to be explored. The use of TKI to reinduce radioactive iodine uptake is a major research subject for patients with radioactive iodine refractory disease.

Não consta resumo na publicação. / Soybean derivatives were tested in rat through acute experiments of 3 to 24 hours and two semichronic experiments of 16 and 29 days. The acute essay were realized with Total Extracts (TEs) obtained from Defated Soybean Flour (DSF) by precipitation in an aquous medium (pH4,2) and posteriorly in acetone (2 vol.). It was observed that the Total Autoclaved Extract (TAE) administered by gastric tube after 6 and 24 hours decreased the percentage of iodine (13lI) uptake by 100 gr. of rat. The Total Extract, without previous autoclaving showed effect on the gland after 6 hours and lost its activity 24 hours after its administration. TEs obtained from Comercial Soybean Products as: Proteic Concentrate, Tosted Flour and Milk also provoked a decrease in percentage of iodine (131I) uptake after 24 hours by 100 gr. of rat. The semichronic experiments were realized with soybean fraction products, which were incorporated to experimental diet. The first semichronic essay of 16 days, showed a reduction in percentage of iodide (131I) uptake by 10 mg of thyroid and an increase of the triiodothyronine-binding capacity of rat serum. In the second semichronic of 29 days, we had an increase in the percentage of iodine (13lI) uptake by 10 mg of thyroid caused by the factor in study and no alteration of seric hormones. We also assayed the thyroid hormones and their precursors in this essay and observed na increase of monoiodotyrosine (MIT), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and a decrease of diiodotyrosine (DIT) and inorganic iodine. We also observed, and increase in the MIT/DIT ratio and decrease in T3/T4 ratio. In preliminary physicochemical tests, the fraction sephadex G-25 showed a positive reaction for ninhidrin, Molish and flavonoids.

Background: Although radioactive iodine 131 (RAI) has been successfully used in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients therapy for more than 70 years, thus far published data regarding RAI- induced salivary glands functional impairment have been inconsistent. Due to the trend towards using lower activities or even RRA omission, the possible RAI untoward effects have been widely discussed. Aim: To evaluate and quantify salivary gland function in thyroidectomised DTC patients before and after RRA using activity of 3.7 GBq and to compare salivary gland functional changes in DTC patients after single or repeated RAI treatment (using activities  5.5 GBq) with their age- and sex-matched RAI-naive counterparts using salivary gland scintigraphy with 99m Tc- pertechnetate. In addition, we performed subjective symptoms evaluation. Patients and Methods: Salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) was performed in 31 RAI-naive patients (6 men, 25 women, median age 52 years) before and 4.6 months after RRA. Salivary gland function was measured also in 23 patients (7 men, 16 women, median age 60 years) with RAI administration history and compared with their age- and sex-matched counterparts. Non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used (due to non-normal data distribution) for statistical analysis. A p...