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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Off-line signature verification

Coetzer, Johannes 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Mathematical Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / A great deal of work has been done in the area of off-line signature verification over the past two decades. Off-line systems are of interest in scenarios where only hard copies of signatures are available, especially where a large number of documents need to be authenticated. This dissertation is inspired by, amongst other things, the potential financial benefits that the automatic clearing of cheques will have for the banking industry.
12

Radon transforms and microlocal analysis in Compton scattering tomography

Webber, James January 2018 (has links)
In this thesis we present new ideas and mathematical insights in the field of Compton Scattering Tomography (CST), an X-ray and gamma ray imaging technique which uses Compton scattered data to reconstruct an electron density of the target. This is an area not considered extensively in the literature, with only two dimensional gamma ray (monochromatic source) CST problems being analysed thus far. The analytic treatment of the polychromatic source case is left untouched and while there are three dimensional acquisition geometries in CST which consider the reconstruction of gamma ray source intensities, an explicit three dimensional electron density reconstruction from Compton scatter data is yet to be obtained. Noting this gap in the literature, we aim to make new and significant advancements in CST, in particular in answering the questions of the three dimensional density reconstruction and polychromatic source problem. Specifically we provide novel and conclusive results on the stability and uniqueness properties of two and three dimensional inverse problems in CST through an analysis of a disc transform and a generalized spindle torus transform. In the final chapter of the thesis we give a novel analysis of the stability of a spindle torus transform from a microlocal perspective. The practical application of our inversion methods to fields in X-ray and gamma ray imaging are also assessed through simulation work.
13

Data acquisition and reconstruction techniques for improved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging

Ahmad, Rizwan, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-124).
14

Interpolação e regularização de dados sismicos usando a transformada de Radon linear (tau-up) 2D e 3D

Moraes, Dione Cherpinsky 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Rodrigo de Souza Portugal, Carlos Alves da Cunha Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T03:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_DioneCherpinsky_M.pdf: 4463877 bytes, checksum: 6418a90fbf3389f9233ef9eb721da563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Os levantamentos sísmicos são parametrizados para que os dados sejam adquiridos segundo uma malha regular. Tal regularidade quase nunca é possível, pois durante a aquisição dos dados ocorrem obstáculos operacionais como cidades, estradas, plataformas e áreas de preservação ambiental, dentre muitos outros. Em dados marítimos sempre ocorre outro tipo de irregularidade, que é a deriva do cabo de hidrofones devido a correntes oceânicas. Tenta-se então regularizar esses dados no início do processamento sísmico, para que processos cruciais como análise de velocidades e migração tenham melhores desempenhos. Neste trabalho, a interpolação e regularização dos dados são feitas com auxílio da transformada T - p. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos utilizam a técnica do empilhamento oblíquo. Para os casos 2D e 3D, os parâmetros ideais são discutidos para que o dado retome do domínio T - P com a menor quantidade de artefatos possível. A regularização dos dados é realizada quando há deriva de cabos de hidrofones. A forma e a amplitude do sinal são preservadas quando realizam-se as transformadas T - P direta e invesa. Para o caso 2D, também são estudadas a interpolação de dados e a regularização quando ocorre um longo trecho sem informação sísmica. / Abstract: Seismic surveys are designed on the purpose that all samples collected during the seismic experiment fall on a specific regular grid. Nevertheless, this data regularity is almost impossible to achieve due to different obstacles during seismic acquisition such as constructions (cities, pipelines or other facilities), roads, platforms, preservation areas and so on. A very important non-cultural irregularity which occurs during marine seismic surveys and shall be part of our main concern is hydrophone cable drift caused by ocean currents (cable feathering). These irregularities shall be treated in the first steps of seismic data processing and data regularization can be the right tool to be used. Regularization may improve the overall performance of important steps in seismic processing like velocity analysis and migration. Data interpolation and regularization are performed using the T - P transform, with slant stack 2D and 3D algorithms. We discuss different issues in 2D and 3D data regularization using T - p transforms such as ideal parameterization to avoid artifacts and the 2D experiments related to interpolation and regularization of gaps in seismic information and cable feathering. Requirements for amplitude and phase preservation when the pair of T - P transforms is performed are also discussed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
15

Radon-type transforms on some symmetric spaces / Transformées de type Radon sur certains espaces symétriques

Grouy, Thibaut 01 April 2019 (has links) (PDF)
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions des transformées de type Radon sur certains espaces symétriques. Une transformée de type Radon associe à toute fonction continue à support compact sur une variété $M$ ses intégrales sur une classe $Xi$ de sous-variétés de $M$. Le problème sur lequel nous nous concentrons est l'inversion d'une telle transformée, c'est-à-dire déterminer la fonction à partir de ses intégrales sur les sous-variétés dans $Xi$. Nous présentons d'abord la solution de ce problème inverse due à Sigurdur Helgason et François Rouvière, entre autres, lorsque $M$ est un espace symétrique riemannien isotrope et $Xi$ une certaine orbite de sous-variétés totalement géodésiques de $M$ sous l'action d'un groupe de transformations de Lie de $M$. La transformée de Radon associée est qualifiée de totalement géodésique.Sur les espaces symétriques pseudo-riemanniens semisimples, nous considérons une autre transformée de type Radon, qui associe à toute fonction continue à support compact ses intégrales orbitales, c'est-à-dire ses intégrales sur les orbites du sous-groupe d'isotropie du groupe des transvections. L'inversion des intégrales orbitales, qui est donnée par une formule-limite, a été obtenue par Sigurdur Helgason sur les espaces symétriques lorentziens à courbure sectionnelle constante et par Jeremy Orloff sur tout espace symétrique pseudo-riemannien semisimple de rang un. Nous résolvons le problème d'inversion des intégrales orbitales sur les espaces de Cahen-Wallach, qui sont les modèles d'espaces symétriques lorentziens indécomposables résolubles.Pour finir, nous nous intéressons aux transformées de type Radon sur les espaces symétriques symplectiques à courbure de type Ricci. L'inversion des orbitales intégrales sur ces espaces lorsqu'ils sont semisimples a déjà été obtenue par Jeremy Orloff. En revanche, lorsque ces espaces ne sont pas semisimples, la transformée donnée par les intégrales orbitales n’est pas inversible. Ensuite, nous déterminons les orbites de sous-variétés totalement géodésiques symplectiques ou lagrangiennes sous l'action d'un groupe de transformations de Lie de l'espace de départ. Dans ce contexte, la méthode d'inversion développée par Sigurdur Helgason et François Rouvière, entre autres, ne fonctionne que pour les transformées de Radon totalement géodésiques symplectiques sur les espaces symétriques kählériens à courbure holomorphe constante. Les formules d'inversion de ces transformées sur les espaces hyperboliques complexes sont dues à François Rouvière. Nous calculons les formules d'inversion de ces transformées sur les espaces projectifs complexes. / In this thesis, we study Radon-type transforms on some symmetric spaces. A Radon-type transform associates to any compactly supported continuous function on a manifold $M$ its integrals over a class $Xi$ of submanifolds of $M$. The problem we address is the inversion of such a transform, that is determining the function in terms of its integrals over the submanifolds in $Xi$. We first present the solution to this inverse problem which is due to Sigurdur Helgason and François Rouvière, amongst others, when $M$ is an isotropic Riemannian symmetric space and $Xi$ a particular orbit of totally geodesic submanifolds of $M$ under the action of a Lie transformation group of $M$. The associated Radon transform is qualified as totally geodesic.On semisimple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces, we consider an other Radon-type transform, which associates to any compactly supported continuous function its orbital integrals, that is its integrals over the orbits of the isotropy subgroup of the transvection group. The inversion of orbital integrals, which is given by a limit-formula, has been obtained by Sigurdur Helgason on Lorentzian symmetric spaces with constant sectional curvature and by Jeremy Orloff on any rank-one semisimple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space. We solve the inverse problem for orbital integrals on Cahen-Wallach spaces, which are model spaces of solvable indecomposable Lorentzian symmetric spaces.In the last part of the thesis, we are interested in Radon-type transforms on symplectic symmetric spaces with Ricci-type curvature. The inversion of orbital integrals on these spaces when they are semisimple has already been obtained by Jeremy Orloff. However, when these spaces are not semisimple, the orbital integral operator is not invertible. Next, we determine the orbits of symplectic or Lagrangian totally geodesic submanifolds under the action of a Lie transformation group of the starting space. In this context, the technique of inversion that has been developed by Sigurdur Helgason and François Rouvière, amongst others, only works for symplectic totally geodesic Radon transforms on Kählerian symmetric spaces with constant holomorphic curvature. The inversion formulas for these transforms on complex hyperbolic spaces are due to François Rouvière. We compute the inversion formulas for these transforms on complex projective spaces. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
16

A Radon Space Approach To Multiresolution Tomographic Reconstruction And Multiscale Edge Detection Using Wavelets

Goel, Anurag 11 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
17

Approche de reconstruction d’images fondée sur l’inversion de certaines transformations de Radon généralisées / Image reconstruction based on the inversion of some generalized Radon transforms

Regnier, Rémi 18 June 2014 (has links)
Depuis l'invention de la radiographie au début du vingtième siècle et des premiers radars lors la seconde guerre mondiale, le besoin de connaître notre environnement par différentes techniques d'imagerie n'a cessé de croître. Ce besoin a pris de multiples formes, allant de l'exploration d'une structure interne avec la prolifération des techniques d'imagerie non invasives à l'imagerie par satellite qui accompagna la conquête de l'espace. Nombre de systèmes d'imagerie ont donc été proposés pour arriver à créer les images les plus représentatives des milieux étudiés. Parmi eux la tomodensitométrie, ou scanner médical, a connu un succès remarquable depuis son invention. La raison de ce succès vient du fait que son principe de fonctionnement est fondé sur la transformée de Radon dont l'inversion permet de restituer une image fidèle de l'intérieur du milieu étudié.La transformée de Radon (TR) est une transformée géométrique intégrale, qui intègre une densité physique d'intérêt, le long d'une droite du plan. Il est donc naturel de penser qu'une généralisation de la TR, qui consiste à remplacer la droite, support d'intégration, par une courbe ou par une surface, peut amener à une nouvelle imagerie. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions deux types de transformées de Radon généralisées qui sont définies sur des lignes brisées en V du plan (appelées TRV) et des sphères centrées sur un plan fixe (appelées TRS) ainsi que leurs imageries correspondantes.Les transformées de Radon généralisées sur des lignes brisées (TRV) nous permettent de proposer trois nouvelles modalités tomographiques. La première, comme la tomodensitométrie, exploite le phénomène d'atténuation du rayonnement X lors de sa propagation dans un milieu mais utilise aussi le phénomène de réflexion du rayonnement sur une surface impénétrable. La deuxième exploite le phénomène de diffusion Compton du rayonnement émis par un objet. La troisième combine deux modalités d'imageries par transmission et par émission sous la forme d'une imagerie bimodale à partir du rayonnement ionisant diffusé. Cette étude permet non seulement de faire émerger de nouvelles imageries pouvant concurrencer celles existantes mais aussi d'établir de nouveaux algorithmes pour la correction de l'atténuation (un des facteurs physiques dégradant sérieusement la qualité d'image tomographique actuellement).La transformée de Radon sur des sphères centrées sur un plan fixe (TRS) est une généralisation connue de la transformée de Radon en trois dimensions. Elle a été proposée comme modèle mathématique de l'imagerie radar à synthèse d'ouverture (RSO). On montre par la construction d'algorithmes appropriés que l'inversion de cette TRS donne une solution efficace à la reconstruction d'images de l'environnement directement en 3D.La faisabilité théorique de ces nouvelles imageries modélisées par ces deux classes de transformées de Radon généralisées et la performance des algorithmes de reconstruction d'images basés sur les formules d'inversion de ces transformées ouvrent plusieurs perspectives : extension en 3D de l'imagerie bimodale par rayonnement ionisant diffusé, ou possibilité de détection de cibles mobiles en imagerie RSO par introduction d'autres généralisations de la TR. De plus, les méthodes développés dans cette thèse sont susceptibles d'application dans d'autres imageries : imagerie sismique modélisée par la transformée de Radon définie sur des paraboles, imagerie radar Doppler par la TR sur des hyperboles ou encore imagerie thermo-opto-acoustique modélisée par la TR sur des cercles centrés sur un cercle fixe. / Since the invention of radiography at the beginning of the 20th century and of the radar during the 2nd world war, the need of information on our environment is ever increasing. This goes from the exploration of internal structures using non-invasive numerous imaging techniques to satellite imaging which rapidly expands with space exploration. A huge number of imaging systems have been conceived to provide faithful images of the objects of interest. Computed Tomography (or the medical scanner) has experienced a tremendous success since it was invented. The reason for this success lies in the fact that its mathematical foundation is the Radon transform (RT), which has an inverse formula allowing the faithful reconstruction of the interior of an object.The Radon transform is a geometric integral transform which integrates a physical density of interest along a straight line in the plane. It is natural to expect that, when the line is replaced by a curve or a surface as an integration support, new imaging processes may emerge. In this thesis, we study two generalized Radon transforms which are defined on broken lines in the form of a letter V (called V-line RT or VRT) and on spheres centered on a fixed plane (called spherical RT or SRT), as well as their resulting imaging processes.The Radon transforms on V-lines (VRT) form the mathematical foundation of three tomographic modalities. The first modality exploits not only the attenuation of X-rays in traversed matter (as in Computed Tomography) but also the phenomenon of reflection on an impenetrable surface. The second modality makes use of Compton scattering for emission imaging. The third modality combines transmission and emission imaging modalities into a bimodal imaging system from scattered ionizing radiation. This study puts forward new imaging systems which compete with the existing ones and develops new algorithms for attenuation corrections (in emission imaging the attenuation is one of factors degrading seriously tomographic image quality up to now).The Radon transform on spheres centered on a fixed plane (SRT) is a generalization of the classical Radon transform in three dimensions. It has been proposed as a mathematical model for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. We show through the setting up of appropriate algorithms that the inversion of the SRT yields an efficient solution to the landscape reconstruction problem, directly in three dimensions.The theoretical feasibility of these new imaging systems based on generalized Radon transforms and the good performance of inversion algorithms based on inversion formulas open the way to several perspectives: 3D extension of bimodal imaging by scattered radiation or SAR target motion detection through the introduction of other generalized Radon transforms. Moreover the algorithmic methods developed here may serve in other imaging activities such as: seismics with the parabolic Radon transform, Doppler radar with the hyperbolic Radon transform, thermo-opto-acoustic imaging with the Radon transform on circles centered on a fixed circle.
18

Transformations de Radon pondérées et leurs applications / Weighted Radon transforms and their applications

Goncharov, Fedor 15 July 2019 (has links)
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des problèmes inverses des transformations de Radon pondérées dans les espaces euclidiens. D'une part, nos études sont motivées par l'application des transformations de Radon pondérées pour différentes tomographies, par exemple en tomographie d'émission (PET, SPECT), en tomographie de fluorescence et en tomographie optique. En particulier, nous développons une nouvelle approche de reconstruction pour les tomographies en 3D, où les données sont modélisées par des transformations des rayons pondérées le long des rayons parallèles à un plan fixe. À cet égard, nos résultats contiennent : des formules pour la réduction des transformées des rayons pondérés en transformées de Radon le long de plans en 3D ; un analogue de la formule d'inversion approximative de Chang et un analogue de l'algorithme d'inversion itératif de type Kunyansky pour les transformations de Radon pondérées en multidimension ; des reconstructions numériques à partir de données simulées et réelles. D'autre part, nos études sont motivées par des problèmes mathématiques liés aux transformations susmentionnées. Plus précisément, nous poursuivons l'étude de l'injectivité et de la non-injectivité des transformations de Radon et des transformations des rayons pondérées en multidimension et construisons une série de contre-exemples à l'injectivité de ces dernières. Ces contre exemples sont intéressants et, dans un certain sens, inattendus parce qu'ils sont proches des cas où ces transformations deviennent injectives. En particulier, par l'une de nos constructions, nous donnons des contre-exemples à des théorèmes d'injectivité bien connus pour les transformations des rayons pondérées (Quinto (1983), Markoe, Quinto (1985), Finch (1986), Ilmavirta (2016)) lorsque les hypothèses de régularité des poids sont légèrement relaxées. Par ce résultat, nous montrons en particulier que les hypothèses de régularité sur les poids sont cruciales pour l'injectivité et qu'il y a une "brisure" de cette dernière si les hypothèses sont légèrement affaiblies. / This thesis is devoted to studies of inverse problems for weighted Radon tranforms in euclidean spaces. On one hand, our studies are motivated by applications of weighted Radon transforms in different tomographies, for example, in emission tomographies (PET, SPECT), flourescence tomography and optical tomography. In particular, we develop a new reconstruction approach for tomographies in 3D, where data are modelized by weighted ray transforms along rays parallel to some fixed plane. In this connection our results include: formulas for reduction of the aforementioned weighted ray transforms to weghted Radon transforms along planes in 3D; an analog of Chang approximate inversion formula and an analog of Kunyansky-type iterative inversion algorithm for weighted Radon transforms in multidimensions; numercal reconstructions from simulated and real data. On the other hand, our studies are motivated by mathematical problems related to the aforementioned transforms. More precisely, we continue studies of injectivity and non-injectivity of weighted ray and Radon transforms in multidimensions and we construct a series of counterexamples to injectivity for the latter. These counterexamples are interesting and in some sense unexpected because they are close to the setting when the corresponding weighted ray and Radon transforms become injective. In particular, by one ofour constructions we give counterexamples to well-known injectivity theorems for weighted ray transforms (Quinto (1983), Markoe, Quinto (1985), Finch (1986), Ilmavirta (2016)) when the regularity assumptions on weights are slightly relaxed. By this result we show that, in particular, the regularity assumptions on weights are crucial for the injectivity and there is a breakdown of the latter if the assumptions are slightly relaxed.
19

A transformada generalizada atenuada de Radon = inversão, analitica, aproximações, metodos iterativos e aplicações em tomografia por fluorescencia / The generalized attenuated Radon tranform : analytic inversion, approximations, iterative methods and applications on fluorescence tomography

Miqueles, Eduardo Xavier Silva 03 May 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Alvaro Rodolfo De Pierro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T04:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miqueles_EduardoXavierSilva_D.pdf: 22019050 bytes, checksum: 05c0fc26d4ba49669bc4f5fc2a22fe5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A Tomografia por Fluorescência de Raios X é uma nova técnica que combina a tomografia por transmissão de Raios X e a tomografia por emissão. Uma amostra de tecido (ou corpo) é bombardeada por Raios X de alta intensidade (gerados por um síncrotron) e, metais ou outros elementos a serem estudados, emitem fluorescência para uma faixa de energia típica de cada um. Trata-se de reconstruir a densidade desses elementos (Zinco, Cobre, Iodo,...) a partir das medições da emissão por detectores externos ao longo de retas definidas por cada detector. O modelo matemático para o problema é dado pela Transformada Atenuada Generalizada de Radon. A inversa analítica da Transformada Atenuada de Radon foi um problema matemático aberto durante muitos anos. Recentemente, Fokas e Novikov, usando ferramentas da análise complexa, conseguiram uma fórmula analítica de inversão. Neste trabalho damos um passo adicional e provamos que as idéias de Fokas podem ser estendidas para a obtenção de uma fórmula analítica da Transformada Generalizada Atenuada que aparece em tomografia por fluorescência. Deduzimos também fórmulas aproximadas e métodos iterativos, baseados na inversão da própria Transformada de Radon assim como da sua correspondente atenuada. Apresentamos uma extensa comparacão entre os diferentes métodos usando dados reais e simulados / Abstract: X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (xfct) is a synchrotron based imaging modality similar to stimulated emission tomography [37]. It aims at reconstructing the concentration distribution of a heavy metal (Copper, Zinc, Iron) or other elements like Iodine, inside a body or an object. In xfct a sample is irradiated with high intensity monochromatic synchrotron X-rays with energy greater than the K-shell binding energy of the elements of interest. This stimulates fluorescence emission, at certain characteristic energies, isotropically distributed, which are detected by a detector placed parallel to the direction of the incident beam [49]. Part of the emission is absorbed by the sample, so, correction for attenuation is essential to obtain qualitative better results. Mapping fluorescence emission density distributions has many important applications in medical imaging (malignancy analysis for example), and mineralogy (determination of rocks 3D structure) It has been recently shown by Fokas [68, 69] and Novikov [30] that the spectral analysis of a particular partial differential equation yields the inversion formula for the problem of computerized emission tomography. In this thesis we show that a similar analysis can be made for the case of xfct. Also, we derive approximate and iterative methods to find the solution of the physical problem / Doutorado / Problemas inversos / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

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