This paper explores the distinctions in interpretation of surah al-Rahman of the Holy Qur’an based on the exegeses of al-Tabari, al-Huwwari, al-Qushayri, al-Qurtubi, al-Jalalayn, and al-Maraghi. These commentaries range in time period from the late ninth century to the late twentieth century and are also representative of different modes of thought, such as mainstream, Sufi, and modernist frameworks. Interpretations also reflect emphasis upon grammatical explanations or legal issues in some cases. The study first discusses a context for the time and location of each commentator, whereupon the paper moves into an analysis of the components and depictions of the surah, or chapter. The final section of the paper illustrates the timelessness of this surah and its significance to Muslims everywhere. / B.A. Honors Thesis in the Department of Religious Studies, 2011 / Dr. David B. Cook - Rice University Religious Studies

Revision of the author's Thesis (master's)--IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

This thesis is an attempt to analyze Fazlur Rahman's hermeneutical method: his theory of the divine revelation of the Qur'an and its application to the case of zakat (alms) and riba (usury) in particular. Rahman's theory is firmly in touch with reality and he proposes a well-argued system of Qur'anic methodology. Theoretically, he seeks to determine the general principles behind the Qur'anic legal texts, since the latter were contextualized by time and place while the former are universal and eternal. Practically, Rahman calls Muslims to an intellectual jihad in the effort to reformulate the Qur'anic legal injunctions on social matters in order to solve the problems of the present. Rahman sees the long-standing ad hoc solutions, such as those of the traditionalist Muslims, as unworkable due to their piecemeal treatment of the Qur'anic teachings. / The thesis then explores Rahman's proposal for hermeneutical philosophy particularly of Gadamer and Emilio Betti. It attempts to show that Rahman's use of the notion of 'effective history' to understand the 'mind' of the Prophet in formulating the Qur'anic laws leads him to subjectivism. For one thing, he judges the Prophet's mind from the present century when rationality and technology play a dominant role. Besides, laws in the Qur'an are explained in terms of their socio-economic background. Consequently, the thesis comes to the conclusion that Rahman's hermeneutics are lacking in theological considerations and the legal intentions of the Qur'an are secularized.

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This study examines Fazlur Rahman's understanding of Islamic philosophy by analyzing his attitude towards the works of Muslim philosophers and his belief in the value of the Qur'an's precepts. It pays specific attention to the relationship between his understanding of philosophy and his method of interpreting the Qur'an, since in Rahman's understanding, this method is the only means to satisfy the changing needs of society. It explores Rahman's definition of Islamic philosophy, which is strongly characterized by three religious terms, iman, islam, and taqwa. / The thesis furthermore looks at the reasons why Rahman borrowed certain philosophical expressions of the Muslim philosophers in his works when, at first glance, their doctrines contradict Rahman's own position. Special attention is paid to his book Major Themes of the Qur'an, wherein Rahman discusses human existence and his final destiny through his interpretation of the Qur'an. The thesis concludes that Rahman's Islamic philosophy is a moral one, which is practically oriented and based on his understanding of the Qur'an.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dilcelino de souza.pdf: 2029319 bytes, checksum: aed0574bdada794ffabe0ffb7972cc7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The dynamics in the transition phase is one of the problems of interest to both theoretical and experimental, since they can understand and therefore modify the industrial applications. Simulation of Molecular Dynamics is used in this work to study the properties of both static and dynamic CaF2. The study of the properties and behavior of CaF2 has been studied by several groups, these studies was due to some properties, such as: thermoluminescence, a superionic conductor at high temperatures, and high availability in mineral, in addition to its technological application. The potential proposed for describing the interaction of this compound is the effective pairs potential of Vashishta Rahman, which includes interaction stereometric, Coloumb interaction, the interaction of van der Waals and polarization effects. We studied the behavior of CaF2 in the phase transition using the simulation in the ensemble isoent´alpico isoent´alpico-isobaric developed by Parrinelo Rahman [1], and reproduce the diagrams of energy and volume change in function of temperature, and order of the structure with the correlation of pairs function. We will study the behavior of CaF2 under critical conditions of temperature and pressure, with the aim of describing the dependence of melting temperature with pressure for this compound, because this relationship is a challenge for many working groups in order to describe the mechanisms of formation Earth s mantle. The comparison of experimental data with the results obtained in the simulation reproduces satisfactorily the behavior of phase transition of CaF2, and there is good agreement with other data from Din amica Molecular. / A dinâmica na transição de fase é um dos problemas de interesse tanto teórico quanto experimental, uma vez que se pode compreender e consequentemente modificar as aplicações industriais. Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular é utilizado neste trabalho para o estudo das propriedades tanto estáticas quanto dinâmicas do CaF2. O estudo das propriedades e comportamento do CaF2 tem sido pesquisados por vários grupos, tal estudo se deve a algumas propriedades, tais como: termoluminescência, um condutor superiônico em elevadas temperaturas, e a grande disponibilidade na forma de minério, além de sua aplicação tecnológica. O potencial proposto para descrever a interação para este composto é o potencial efetivo de pares de Vashishta Rahman, que inclui interação estereométrica, interação Coloumbiana, interação de van der Waals e efeitos de polarização. Estudamos o comportamento do CaF2 na transição de fase usando a simulação no ensemble isoentálpico isoentálpico-isobárico desenvolvido por Parrinelo Rahman [1], e reproduzimos os diagramas de energia e variação do volume em função da temperatura, e o ordenamento da estrutura com a função de correlação de pares. Estudamos o comportamento do CaF2 sob condições críticas de temperatura e pressão, com intuito de descrever a dependência da temperatura de fusão com a pressão para este composto, devido esta relação ser um desafio para muitos grupos de pesquisa afim de descrever os mecanismos de formação da crosta terrestre. A comparação dos dados experimentais com os resultados obtidos na simulação, reproduz de forma satisfatória o comportamento de transição de fase do CaF2, e há boa concordância com outros dados de Dinâmica Molecular.

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Although a prolific writer of history, Sakhawi is, primarily, a traditionist. As such, accuracy both in utterance and writing would, by the very nature of his training, be his first objective. Modern writers appear to have neglected the importance of his contribution to the understanding of the history of his century. accept for a few articles, comparatively little has been written. It is, therefore, strange that such a mine of information as Sakhawi's writing presents has remained so long in oblivion. In this thesis an attempt has been made to evaluate that contribution together with an edition of part of his work. The study has been divided into three sections, the first dealing with Sakhawi’s life and times. This part of the study is based largely on his autobiography which was written but a few months before he died. During research no reference was discovered to this most informative work. The section falls into three chapters, the first of which endeavours to show the political and educational aspects of Cairo during the early part of Sakhawi's lifetime. Cairo was his native city and, as such, made great impact on his early life. In the second chapter the position of his family, his Shaykhs, the academic journeys he made, his residence in Hijaz and the last phase of his life are portrayed. The third chapter deals with his activities as an adult, his reputation as a traditionist together with a survey of his works as presented in his autobiography. In the second part, the study deals exclusively with Sakhawi as a historian of the 9th/15th century. This part also is divided into two chapters, the first of which considers the following aspects: - I Sakawi's works on the century; II His motives, methods and literary style and III His treatment of the history of the century. The second chapter collates Sakhawi's methods of selecting his information and the painstaking efforts he made to verify them, together with his historical achievements, while the last two topics endeavour to evaluate his task as a historian in that century. Section three presents the hitherto unedited part of Wajiz al-Kalam... which deals with the history of the 9th/15th century. This section also falls into the three divisions of preface, text and annotations. The last divides again into two groups one of which deals with the textual variants mentioned in the footnotes and the other attempts to deal with the interpretation of most of the idiom, colloquial expressions and the names of places and personalities mentioned in the supplement to the text.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv göra en jämförande textanalys av Fazlur Rahmans och Taha Jabir al-Alwanis tolkningar av islam utifrån teman som bl.a. rör deras syn på tidigare tolkningsmetoder och hur de uppfattar muslimers situation idag. Rahman och al-Alwani har olika utbildningsbakgrund men har båda arbetat i U.S.A. De förespråkar förnuftstolkning för att nå vad de anser vara Koranens egentliga budskap och be-tonar en medvetenhet om att historisk och social kontext måste beaktas i tolkningsprocessen. Analysen visar att båda betonar individens ansvar, plikt och engagemang men att deras upp-fattning om enskilda muslimers åtagande skiljer sig något åt. Analysen visar också på att det har något olika uppfattning om de islamiska källorna liksom hur nytolkning får praktiseras. Orsaker till dessa skillnader analyseras i uppsatsen.