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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Stand structure and development after selective logging with systematically aligned skid trails, directional felling and climber cutting in a dipterocarp rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia /

Forshed, Olle, January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
42

Why governments fail to capture economic rent the unofficial appropriation of rain forest rent by rulers in insular Southeast Asia between 1970 and 1999 /

Brown, David W., January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-344).
43

Effects of international trade and corruption on tropical deforestation

Alimov, Bobur S. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Connecticut, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.
44

A geospatial data integration framework for mapping and monitoring tropical landscape diversity in Costa Rica's San Juan-La Selva biological corridor /

Sesnie, Steven E. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Idaho, December 2006. / Major professor: Paul E. Gessler. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.
45

Estratégias reprodutivas de briófitas em dois habitats distintos da floresta atlântica do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar / Reproductive strategies of bryophytes in two habitats of the brazilian atlantic Florest ("Serra do Mar" State Park, São Paulo)

Maciel-Silva, Adaíses Simone 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ivany Ferraz Marques Valio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:14:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel-Silva_AdaisesSimone_D.pdf: 4870380 bytes, checksum: e0914953c6ca471ca0dc9159c09600df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo da tese foi aumentar o conhecimento e o entendimento sobre estratégias reprodutivas de briófitas presentes em floresta tropical úmida, especificamente em dois habitats distintos da Floresta Ombrófila densa (Floresta Montana e de Restinga) do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo. A seguinte hipótese foi testada: o sistema reprodutivo (e.g. monóico versus dióico) das espécies e o habitat que ocupam influenciam as estratégias reprodutivas e conseqüentes características de história de vida em briófitas de dois habitats distintos de Floresta Atlântica. Três principais perguntas foram acessadas: (1) o desenvolvimento de estruturas reprodutivas (de gametângios a esporófitos) varia entre populações de briófitas presentes em habitats distintos de floresta tropical? (2) O desempenho reprodutivo (via reprodução sexuada) de briófitas presentes em floresta tropical é influenciado pelo sistema reprodutivo das espécies ou pelas características do habitat que ocupam? (3) Características do habitat e sistemas reprodutivos das espécies são importantes para explicar os padrões de bancos de diásporos de briófitas observados em dois habitats de floresta tropical? O desenvolvimento de estruturas reprodutivas seguiu os índices de pluviosidade nos dois habitats de floresta (apenas com pequenos ajustes), com elevada fertilização durante os períodos mais chuvosos e dispersão de esporos nos períodos mais secos. Tanto o sistema reprodutivo quanto o habitat foram importantes fatores que explicam o desempenho reprodutivo de briófitas. Nem todas as espécies dióicas falharam em produzir estruturas sexuadas sob números similares aos das espécies monóicas, porém as fases de fertilização e produção dos esporófitos foram reduzidas nas espécies dióicas. A raridade de colônias masculinas, assim como as altas razões sexuais de gametângios (>1 ?:?) entre plantas da Floresta de Restinga comparadas àquelas da Floresta Montana, auxiliam a entender como as plantas de Restinga compensaram o baixo desempenho de alguns estádios do ciclo reprodutivo investindo em mais estruturas reprodutivas nas fases iniciais do ciclo e aumentando as probabilidades de fertilização. Características das espécies, sobretudo filo e sistema reprodutivo, foram importantes na formação de bancos de diásporos em distintos substratos (solo < casca de árvore < tronco morto em decomposição). Os dois habitats de floresta, embora com pequenas diferenças, apresentam reservas compostas principalmente por diásporos de musgos monóicos, que investem largamente em reprodução sexuada, e de musgos dióicos com eficientes métodos de propagação assexuada. Quando comparadas as proporções de espécies dióicas vs. monóicas presentes no banco de diásporos dos dois habitats de floresta estudados, com levantamentos das espécies de briófitas em vegetação da mesma floresta, a contribuição de espécies dióicas foi superior na vegetação, enquanto que espécies monóicas foram mais bem representadas no banco de diásporos. Briófitas presentes na Floresta Atlântica apresentaram diferentes estratégias reprodutivas, moldadas pelo sistema reprodutivo das espécies e pelo habitat que ocuparam. Mais especificamente, outros fatores como filo e formas de crescimento das espécies, e características microambientais também influenciaram as estratégias de vida adotadas pelos grupos de briófitas. A presente tese é pioneira na investigação dos temas abordados aqui do ponto de vista das briófitas, sobretudo em florestas tropicais. Os dados referentes à fenologia reprodutiva, desempenho da reprodução sexuada e formação de bancos de diásporos de briófitas auxiliarão a compreender como e porque essas plantas têm papel destacado em florestas tropicais úmidas / Abstract: The main goal of this thesis was to increase the knowledge and understanding on reproductive strategies of bryophytes in tropical rain forests, specifically in two habitats of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest (montane and sea level sites) of the Serra do Mar State Park, São Paulo, Brazil. The following hypothesis was tested: breeding system and habitat drive the reproductive strategies and life-history traits of bryophytes in two habitats of a Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Three questions were assessed: (1) Do the development of sexual reproductive structures (gametangia to sporophytes) vary among populations in two distinct habitats of tropical rain forest? (2) Is the sexual reproductive performance of bryophytes in tropical rain forest influenced by breeding system or habitat characteristics? (3) Are habitat and breeding system important to explain the patterns of bryophyte diaspore banks in tropical rain forests? Development of sexual reproductive structures followed the pluviosity in the two Forest sites, with slight adjustments. There was high fertilization during the wettest periods and the spore dispersal was common in the driest months. Both breeding system and habitat were important factors explaining the reproductive performance of bryophytes. Some dioicous species do not fail to produce sexual reproductive structures, presenting similar values to monoicous ones. However, dioiocus species fail mostly in relation to fertilization and sporophyte production. The rarity of male colonies and female biased sexual ratios of gametangia among plants at sea level compared to montane, help us to understand how plants in the sea level site compensate the low performance of some sexual phases by investing more in structures at initial cycle, and increasing the fertilization chances. Species traits, such as phylum and breeding system of bryophytes were relevant for diaspore bank formation from different substrates (soil < tree bark < decaying wood). The two forest sites, although with little differences, had reserves mostly composed by monoicous mosses that invest in sexual reproduction, and dioicous mosses with efficient asexual propagation. When we compared the diaspore bank and vegetation composition from previous bryophyte surveys in the same forest, different breeding system roles were found. The dioicous bryophytes were over-represented in the vegetation and monoicous ones well represented in the diaspore bank. Bryophytes in the Atlantic Forest had different reproductive strategies, driven by the breeding system and habitat of the species. More specifically, other factors such as phylum and growth form, and microhabitat characteristics also influenced the life strategies of the bryophyte groups. This thesis is pioneer investigating the subjects here studied for bryophytes, mostly in tropical forests. The data on reproductive phenology, sexual performance and diaspore bank formation of bryophytes will help us to understand how and why bryophytes have an important role in tropical rain forests / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal
46

Comunidade de lianas e sua associação com arvores em uma floresta estacional semidecidual

Rezende, Andreia Alves 04 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Neusa Taroda Ranga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rezende_AndreiaAlves_D.pdf: 680315 bytes, checksum: 35c8e450ad258314b9f2c48dbcf0cd7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Lianas são plantas que germinam no solo, mantêm-se enraizadas durante toda a vida e necessitam de suporte físico para alcançarem o dossel. Elas são membros característicos das florestas tropicais, onde contribuem com cerca de 25% da diversidade vegetal. Às vezes, dominam a vegetação, principalmente em áreas perturbadas. Lianas competem com árvores por nutrientes e luz, e influenciam a taxa de crescimento e a mortalidade de sua árvore hospedeira. Embora as lianas iniciem sua escalada a partir do chão, muitas colonizam árvores vizinhas pelo dossel da floresta, ¿amarrando-se¿ às outras, podendo ocasionar a queda de várias árvores quando uma delas cai. Devido a sua abundância e o seu impacto sobre as árvores, é de grande importância conhecer os fatores que governam a distribuição e dinâmica das lianas na floresta tropical e, assim, desenvolver estratégias de uso sustentável. Assim, os objetivos desta tese foram: (1) avaliar a riqueza e abundância das lianas e (2) a relação das lianas com as características do hospedeiro e com a estrutura da floresta. O trabalho foi realizado em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, com cerca de 435,73 ha, na Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, SP. Foram amostradas 100 parcelas de 10 x 10 m (1 ha). As lianas com diâmetro ³ 1 cm e as árvores ³ 3 cm enraizadas nas parcelas foram medidas no DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito - 1,30m) e identificadas. Amostrou-se 1427 indivíduos de 45 espécies de lianas, pertencentes a 14 famílias, sendo as mais ricas: Bignoniaceae (14 espécies), Sapindaceae (nove) e Malpighiaceae (seis), e as mais abundantes Bignoniaceae, Sapindaceae e Apocynaceae. A riqueza de lianas foi aproximadamente igual à metade (razão 0,51) da riqueza de árvores (87 espécies). A densidade média de lianas e árvores foi semelhante, cerca de 1400 indivíduos/ha. Melloa quadrivalvis (Bignoniaceae) foi a espécie mais comum na área estudada. Do total de indivíduos de lianas amostrados, 57,6% apresentaram diâmetros entre 1 - 2,5 cm, correspondendo a 95% da riqueza total amostrada. Das 1419 árvores amostradas, 53% carregavam pelo menos uma liana. As espécies menos infestadas que a média geral foram Inga marginata, Piper amalago, Trichia catigua e T. claussenii, e somente uma, Machaerium paraguariense, foi mais infestada que a média, considerando todas as espécies. Os resultados, de modo geral, não apoiaram a hipótese de especificidade entre espécies de lianas e espécies de árvores, pois a riqueza e a diversidade de espécies de lianas aumentaram com a proporção de infestação. Se houvesse especificidade, esperar-se-ia que uma espécie de árvore fosse mais infestada por uma determinada espécie de liana. O mecanismo de escalada das lianas não influenciou o número de árvores que cada liana escalou, embora tenha ocorrido associação positiva entre árvores com casca rugosa e lianas com gavinhas. Considerando-se as características individuais do hospedeiro, as árvores com diâmetros maiores apresentaram maior densidade de lianas. Com relação às características da vizinhança, as diferenças encontradas provavelmente se devem as condições de luminosidade do ambiente. As parcelas com maior proporção de árvores com DAP > 30 cm apresentaram relação negativa significativa com a densidade de lianas. A relação foi positiva em parcelas com maior proporção de árvores com copas £ 3 m de altura. Assim, as evidências deste estudo sugerem que a distribuição das lianas foi mais influenciada por características da comunidade do que pelas características das espécies de árvores presentes / Abstract: Lianas are soil-germinating plants, perennially rooted and which need support to reach the canopy. They are characteristically from the rain forests, where they contribute with near 25% of vegetal diversity. Lianas compete with trees for nutrients and light, influencing growth and mortality rates of its host tree. Although lianas begin their life on the ground, many of them colonize vicinity trees through the forest canopy, ¿tying¿ themselves to the others, and may cause the fall of many trees. Due to their abundance and impact over other trees, it is important to know the factors governing distribution and dynamics of the lianas in order to better understand the rain forest and to develop sustainable strategies. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to assess the richness and abundance of lianas, and (2) to establish the relation of lianas with the characteristics of the hosts and the structure of the forest. The research was carried out in a fragment of a Semideciduous Stational Forest with 435.73 ha, at the Paulo de Faria Ecological Station. The sampling consisted of 100 plots of 10 x 10 m (1 ha), allotted in an area of 4 ha. Lianas with a diameter ³ 1 cm and trees ³ 3 cm rooted in the plots were measured in DBH (diameter at breast height ¿1.30m) e identified. In the study area, 1427 individuals were sampled from 45 species of lianas, belonging to 14 families, the richest ones being Bignoniaceae (14 species), Sapindaceae (nine) e Malpighiaceae (six), and the more abundant Bignoniaceae, Sapindaceae e Apocynaceae, adding up to 80% of the sampled individuals. The liana richness was approximately equal to half (ratio 0.51) the tree richness (87 species). Average density of lianas and trees was similar, around 1400 individuals/ha. Melloa quadrivalvis (Bignoniaceae) was the most common species in the study area. From the total number of the sampled liana individuals, 57.6% presented diameters between 1- 2.5 cm, corresponding to 95% of the total sampled richness. Only 26 individuals presented diameter higher than 10 cm. From the 1419 trees with diameter ³ 3 cm, 53% carried at least one liana, with the higher rate of infestation (79%) occurred in the individuals with diameters > 10 cm. Species less infested than the expectation were Inga marginata, Piper amalago, Trichia catigua e T. claussenii. One species, Machaerium paraguariense, was more infested than the expectation. In general, results did not support the hypothesis of species-specificity between lianas and trees, since the richness and diversity of liana species increased with the infestation rate. Climbing mechanism did not influence the number of trees climbed by each liana, although we have found positive association between wrinkled bark and tendrils. Considering the individual characteristics of the host, trees with larger diameters showed higher density of lianas. In relation to the vicinity characteristics, the plots with higher rate of big trees (DBH > 30 cm) showed significant negative relation with the density of lianas. The relation was positive in plots with higher rate of trees with small crown (£ 3 m). Thus, our study showed the association between tree and vicinity characteristics with infestation and density of lianas / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
47

Rain forest curriculum for upper elementary and middle grades

Brinkley, Nancy Jane 01 January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
48

Global change and tropical forests : functional groups and responses of tropical trees to elevated CO

Ellis, Alexander, 1972- January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
49

Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging

Samsoedin, Ismayadi January 2007 (has links)
This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.
50

Shifting cultivation and fallowing practices in a "land-abundant" ejido : an intra-community study of Nuevo Becal, Campeche, Mexico

Abizaid, Christian January 2000 (has links)
No description available.

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