No description available.

No description available.

This dissertation proposes that the work produced by black writers between the end of the Depression and the end ofWorld War II, specifically that ofEllison, Himes and Petry--and to the degree that it influenced the others, that ofWright--comprises a distinct period in African American literature. Their work is characterized by a concern with the implications of the war for the self-determination of African Americans within the United States and for people of colour worldwide. In addition, these writers explored the effects of the war effort, particularly ofthe second Great Migration ofblack Americans from South to North, on the cultural and political strategies of African Americans as a whole. These migrants, the majority of whom had been employed as agricultural or domestic labourers in the South, entered into industrial occupations and left service work in private homes in unprecedented numbers. In their prewar role within a neo-feudal southern economy characterized by white power over the labouring black body, these workers were seen by many contemporary commentators, and particularly those aligned with the American Left, as conforming to a socio-economic category of the "folk." In the South, the black folk had developed strategies for survival and resistance, many of which were contained in their folklore. As these migrants entered into industrial relations of production and a concomitant working-class consciousness in a war-driven economy, African American writers, intellectuals, and workers were faced with the question of the degree to which this folk "past" was usable in the present. In the work ofEllison, Himes and Petry, the figure of the black folk in the urban-industrial environment, as it e/merged with the working class, became the embodied site for an examination of the massive cultural and political shifts engendered by World War II. In addition, each ofthese writers employed black folklore as a strategy in the struggle for Mrican American selfdetermination within the United States during the war. / This dissertation proposes that the work produced by black writers between the end of the Depression and the end ofWorld War II, specifically that ofEllison, Himes and Petry--and to the degree that it influenced the others, that ofWright--comprises a distinct period in African American literature. Their work is characterized by a concern with the implications of the war for the self-determination of African Americans within the United States and for people of colour worldwide. In addition, these writers explored the effects of the war effort, particularly ofthe second Great Migration ofblack Americans from South to North, on the cultural and political strategies of African Americans as a whole. These migrants, the majority of whom had been employed as agricultural or domestic labourers in the South, entered into industrial occupations and left service work in private homes in unprecedented numbers. In their prewar role within a neo-feudal southern economy characterized by white power over the labouring black body, these workers were seen by many contemporary commentators, and particularly those aligned with the American Left, as conforming to a socio-economic category of the "folk." In the South, the black folk had developed strategies for survival and resistance, many of which were contained in their folklore. As these migrants entered into industrial relations of production and a concomitant working-class consciousness in a war-driven economy, African American writers, intellectuals, and workers were faced with the question of the degree to which this folk "past" was usable in the present. In the work ofEllison, Himes and Petry, the figure of the black folk in the urban-industrial environment, as it e/merged with the working class, became the embodied site for an examination of the massive cultural and political shifts engendered by World War II. In addition, each ofthese writers employed black folklore as a strategy in the struggle for Mrican American selfdetermination within the United States during the war. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The opera, The Pilgrim's Progress, was written by Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1949. "The Seven Songs" are analyzed for performance, examining the elements of music and text of the songs, including melody, harmony, form, vocal line and accompaniment, with the intent of forming conclusions in regard to their usefulness as singular selections, or as a group, for performance.

The harmony of Vaughan Williams defies classification in terms of traditional harmony alone, making use as it does at times, of structures of superposed fourths, so-called "added-note" chords, and random sonorities, as will appear. Therefore, the chords will be placed into two principal categories of usage, traditional and non-traditional.

This examination of Ralph Vaughan Williams' song cycle to poetry of Alfred Edward Housman, "On Wenlock Edge," will follow primarily two avenues of approach. First, following a brief biographical sketch of Vaughan Williams' career prior to the composition of "On Wenlock Edge," will be a discussion of Vaughan Williams' and Housman's respective aesthetic philosophies. In order to lay the background for certain salient characteristics of this cycle, parallels as well as differences in their artistic thinking will be explained. Secondly, a poetic analysis will precede the musical analysis of each song in order to differentiate between the original intent of the poet and the interpretation of the poetry by Vaughan Williams.

Ralph F. Gates was governor of Indiana from 1945 to 1949 when events following the end of World War II forced Hoosiers to make many crucial decisions concerning the role of state government. Gates was the first Republican governor of Indiana since the Depression and he was one of the few Hoosier governors to have effective majorities in two successive General Assemblies. This study analyzes the achievements of the Gates administration by focusing upon Gates' pledges in his 1944 campaign and his success in implementing those pledges.Campaign press releases and the 1944 Indianapolis newspapers identified the issues Gates had stressed during the campaign. Gates emphasized the need for state and federal cooperation in helping veterans adjust to peacetime conditions; industrial expansion to assure continued economic growth and prosperity; additional personnel and facilities for Indiana's public education and public health programs so as to furnish expanded services; and efficient and economic administration of state government.Official state documents furnished information concerning the achievements of the Gates administration. The single most important achievement in the area of veterans' affairs was the creation of the Department of Veterans' Affairs. This new state department helped approximately 300,000 Hoosier veterans adjust to civilian life.Several new state agencies encouraged industrial expansion and aided in providing jobs for the returning veterans. The Department of Commerce and Public Relations helped attract to Indiana 300 new industries which employed nearly 30,000 Hoosiers. A reorganized State Highway Commission spent $78,000,000 in three years to improve the state highway system. To help relieve the increasing congestion on the state's highways, the new Aeronautics Commission of Indiana sought to develop a state-wide system of aviation.Indiana's growth and prosperity was ultimately reliant upon a strong educational system. To help attract qualified teachers, the state's minimum salary schedule was amended so that a beginning teacher could earn $2,400 for a nine month school year. The state almost doubled its amount of local school support from $24,700,000 in 1943-1944 to $48,800,000 in 1947-1948. Local school districts were given additional powers of taxation. The State Board of Education was reorganized and given additional powers concerning textbook adoptions and federal school lunch programs. Finally, the state appropriated approximately $45,000,000 to help the four state colleges and universitiesprovide for increased enrollments.In the area of public health, the State Board of Health was reorganized and an Indiana Council for Mental Health was created. The licensing of all hospitals in the state was required for the first time and a coordinated plan for hospital construction was developed. Over $8,000,000 was appropriated to construct new public health facilities, and the establishment of full-time local health offices was encouraged through legislation authorizing adjacent counties or cities and counties to combine to offer full-time health offices.Although they increased state services, Gates and his Republican associates managed to keep the budget balanced by improving governmental efficiency and raising taxes on alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. His achievements establish that Gates did indeed accomplish what he had pledged in the areas of veterans' affairs, economic readjustment, public education, public health, and fiscal and administrative affairs.

The focus of this study is to provide a clear understanding of Vaughan Williams' Violin Concerto in D Minor. In terms of form and compositional technique, this concerto is particularly challenging, because of Vaughan Williams' use of rhythmic motives and modes. This study is undertaken through an analysis. For a better understanding, a historical background, including overall form of each movement and key relationships, is explored and discussed. Then, Vaughan Williams' use of a ritornello-like motive, melody and modality as unifying elements is also identified and examined. In identifying the major features of Vaughan Williams' compositional style of this violin concerto, musicians will be able to understand better his unique musical expression. This study may serve as an introduction to the music of Vaughan Williams for musicians and society worldwide. It is hoped that it will motivate all violinists to perform this concerto more frequently.

This paper discusses what Ralph Waldo Emerson believes to be the aim of education and how he thinks the aim is to be reached.

Emerson frequently illustrates his philosophy with complementary scientific examples that clarify his ideas. This study examines Emerson's enumeration of the laws and powers of Intellect in conjunction with twentieth-century science, illustrating his ideas in the method he often employs. The physiological model of the two hemispheres of the brain parallels the two intelligences Emerson ascribes to man--understanding and reason. Hemispheric theories describe an analogue to the Emersonian epiphany-- hemispheric integration--and help to distinguish the epiphany from other experiences associated with altered states of consciousness. Quantum physics and relativity theory illustrate the vision of the unity of nature perceived during the epiphany. Using modern science to illustrate Emerson's ideas in this way makes us apprentice to a rhetorical technique used and advocated by him.