Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Construções Civis). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of an objective method of speech intelligibility, the Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI), in elementary school classrooms, The RASTI can be obtained more quickly than subjective measures of speech intelligibility and has been shown to be highly valid with adult listeners in auditoriums. In this study RASTI values were correlated with scores on a subjective test of speech intelligibility, the word intelligibility by Picture Identification (WIPI) test, for 45 students in two elementary classrooms (grades 1 through 3 and grade5). Results indicated that the RASTI value is a poor predictor of subjective speech intelligibility (WIPI) scores for these students. There was no significant difference between the correlations obtained in the two classrooms or between the correlations obtained with the average and largest of the three RASTI values and the WIPI scores. Further study needs to be done to determine the applicability of the RASTI to classroom environments.

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Civil (Área de Especialização em Construções). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Vilniaus miesto pradžios taškas yra 1323 m., kuomet LDK kunigaikštis Gediminas rašė laiškus vakarų Europos pirkliams bei amatininkams. Tačiau ir iki to šioje teritorijoje egzistavo tam tikra kultūra su savo dvasiniu, materialiniu bei socialiniu palikimu. Tai atspindi archeologinė medžiaga. Pagrindinė šio darbo problema – temos neištirtumas bei nemažos dalies archeologinių paminklų sunykimas. Nemažai archeologinių paminklų buvo tiesiog sunaikinti plečiantis miestui. Nors Vilniaus miesto istorijos laikotarpis iki XIII a. yra gana problematiškas tiek ištirtumo, tiek istoriografijos atžvilgiu, tačiau teigti, kad tuo laikotarpiu šioje teritorijoje nebuvo nieko, būtų klaidinga. Tai liudija nors ir negausūs, bet vis dėl to esantys archeologiniai duomenys. Apie žmonių vykdytą ūkinę veiklą dabartinio Vilniaus miesto teritorijoje galima kalbėti jau nuo paleolito. Įvairiose miesto vietose rastas titnaginis inventorius. Akmens amžiaus pėdsakų galima aptikti Lietuvos Respublikos prezidentūros teritorijoje, Gudelių – Lenkiškių pilkapyne, pavienių atsitiktinių radinių aptikta priemiesčiuose. Teritorijoje, kurioje yra ir dabartinis Vilniaus miestas, susiformavo brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūra su jai būdinga keramika brūkšniuotu paviršiumi. Ši kultūra vėliau tapo Rytų Lietuvos pilkapių kultūra, su jai būdingai laidojimo paminklais pilkapiais. Vilniaus teritorijoje aptikti X – XII a. piniginiai lobiai rodo, kad jau tuo metu Vilniaus teritorijoje buvo išsivysčiusi tam tikra piniginė sistema... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The beginning of Vilnius is often dated year 1323. When the grand duke of Lithuania Gediminas wrote inviting letters to the merchants and craftsmen of Western Europe. However archaeological material shows that before that there was a specific culture with its distinctive heritage. The main problem of this work is that the topic isn`t researched enough. And that in process of time many archaeological objects might have been destroyed. Although the period of this topic is problematic enough in many aspects saying that there was nothing in Vilnius area till middle- ages isn`t correct. Archaeological findings tell something else. First people in Vilnius area appeared in late Paleolithic. In various places of Vilnius some flint artefacts were found. In the Palace of President area, in some layers of barrows of Gudeliai – Lenkiskes traces of Stone Age people were found. As well as in the suburbs. The culture of lined pottery appeared in the territory of Eastern Lithuania. Including Vilnius. Later in the same area the culture of eastern Lithuanian burial mounds appeared. In modern Vilnius there were left few objects belonging to this culture: Gudeliu – Lenkiskiu burials, Staviskiu burials, Zvirbliu burials. Hoards found in the territory of Vilnius show that at 10th -12th centuries there already was developed money system. And some trade connections with merchants from far distant countries. The shrouds of Zvirbliai burials show far distant connections as well. In latest burials... [to full text]