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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

UEFA Financial Fair Play : Regleringen av fotbolls-Europa

Bindå, Tobias, Carlgren, Robin January 2015 (has links)
Since 2011 UEFA, the managing organisation of European football, demands that all clubs wanting to participate in the two major European club football tournaments, UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League, has to abide by the rules for UEFA Financial Fair Play. This regulation was developed by UEFA to protect the long-term financial stability of European club football. The thesis focuses on the largely debated break-even requirement, to determine whether UEFA Financial Fair Play will come to affect the competitive balance between clubs in Europe. The main purpose of the study is to conclude whether UEFA Financial Fair Play has affected the market for football clubs and their opportunity to compete sporting success. Further, the study tries to determine if the critics of the regulation are right in saying that the rules preserve the existing power balance on the market. An analysis of the annual reports from 24 European football clubs of the last nine years has been conducted. The 24 clubs were chosen, from four of the biggest football leagues in Europe, by a stratified sampling. The theoretical framework of this study is based on three main theories. Associative competition, Rat-race-theory and regulation theory and these are used to analyse the results. Through hypothesis testing the study shows that, even though the regulation has had a positive effect on the clubs economical results, there are clear signs that the rules has made it harder for smaller clubs to challenge the big clubs for sporting success through economical investments. These results also conclude that the regulation contributes to conserve the existing balance in the market. / Sedan 2011 kräver UEFA, europeisk fotbolls styrande organ, att klubbar som vill delta i europeisk klubbfotbolls två största turneringar, UEFA Champions League och UEFA Europa League, följer regelverket UEFA Financial Fair Play. Detta är ett regelverk framtaget med syfte att förbättra den ekonomiska situationen inom europeisk klubbfotboll. Studien har utgått från det omdebatterade noll-resultat-kravet (Break-even requirement), för att se om UEFA Financial Fair Play kan komma att påverka den konkurrensmässiga situationen inom europeisk klubbfotboll. Syftet är att undersöka om UEFA:s införande av Financial Fair Play har påverkat marknaden för fotbollsklubbar och deras möjlighet att konkurrera om sportsliga framgångar. Vidare undersöks om detta indikerar att den kritik som riktats mot regelverket, att det cementerar befintliga maktstrukturer mellan klubbar, är rättfärdigad. Studien har genomförts genom analys av de nio senaste årens ekonomiska rapporter från 24 klubbar i fotbolls-Europa. Ett stratifierat urval har använts för att välja ut sex representanter var från fyra av Europas största ligor. Den teoretiska referensramen har utgått från associativ konkurrens, hyperaktivitet (rat-raceteorin) samt reglering för att kunna besvara studiens frågeställning och analysera empirin. Med hjälp av hypotesprövning visar undersökningen att, även om regelverket har haft en positiv påverkan på klubbarnas redovisade ekonomiska resultat, så finns det tydliga tendenser till att reglerna har försvårat möjligheterna för mindre klubbar att utmana storklubbar om sportslig framgång genom ekonomiska satsningar och att maktstrukturer på marknaden på så sätt cementeras.
2

Nouvelles Topologies des diviseurs de puissance, balun et déphaseurs en bandes RF et millimétiques, apport des lignes à ondes lentes / Design of passive components at 60 GHz (rat race and power divider) in CMOS 28 nm technology using slow wave transmission lines.

Burdin, François 16 July 2013 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse a été premièrement de réaliser des dispositifs passifs intégrés à base de lignes à onde lentes nommées S-CPW (pour « Slow-wave CoPlanar Waveguide ») aux fréquences millimétriques. Plusieurs technologies CMOS ou BiCMOS ont été utilisées: CMOS 65 nm et 28 nm ainsi que BiCMOS 55 nm. Deux baluns, le premier basé sur une topologie de rat-race et le second basé sur un diviseur de puissance de Wilkinson modifié, ainsi qu’un inverseur de phase, ont été réalisés et mesurés dans la technologie CMOS 65 nm. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus se situent à l’état de l’art en termes de performances électriques. Un coupler hybride et un diviseur de puissance avec des sorties en phase sans isolation ont été conçus en technologie CMOS 28 nm. Les simulations montrent de très bonnes performances pour des dispositifs compacts. Les circuits sont en cours de fabrication et pourront très bientôt être caractérisés. Ensuite, une nouvelle topologie de diviseurs de puissance, avec sorties en phase et isolé a été développée, offrant une grande flexibilité et compacité en comparaison des diviseurs de puissance traditionnels. Cette topologie est parfaitement adaptée pour les technologies silicium. Comme preuve de concept, deux diviseurs de puissance avec des caractéristiques différentes ont été réalisés en technologie PCB microruban à la fréquence de 2.45 GHz. Un composent a été conçu à 60 GHz en technologie BiCMOS 55 nm utilisant des lignes S CPW. Les simulations prouvent que le dispositif est faibles pertes, adapté et isolé. Les circuits sont également en cours de fabrication. Enfin, deux topologies de « reflection type phase shifter » ont été développées, la première dans la bande RF et la seconde aux fréquences millimétrique. Pour la bande RF, le déphasage atteint plus de 360° avec une figure de mérite très élevée en comparaison avec l’état de l’art. En ce qui concerne le déphaseur dans la bande millimétrique, la simulation montre un déphasage de 341° avec également une figure de mérite élevée. / The first purpose of this work was the use of slow-wave coplanar waveguides (S CPW) to achieve various passive components with the aim to show their great potential and interest at millimetre-waves. Several CMOS or BiCMOS technologies were used: CMOS 65 nm and 28 nm, and BiCMOS 55 nm. Two baluns, one based on a rat-race topology and the other based on a modified Wilkinson power divider, and a phase inverter, were achieved and measured in a 65 nm CMOS technology. State-of-the-art results were achieved. A branch-line coupler and an in phase power divider without isolation were designed in a 28 nm CMOS technology. Really good performances are expected for these compact devices being yet under fabrication. Then, a new topology of in phase and isolated power divider was developed, leading to more flexibility and compactness, well suited to millimetre-wave frequencies. Two power dividers with different characteristics were realized in a PCB technology at 2.45 GHz by using microstrip lines, as a proof-of-concept. After that, a power divider was designed at the working frequency of 60 GHz in the 55 nm BiCMOS technology with S CPWs. The simulation results showed a low loss, full-matched and isolated component, which is also under fabrication and will be characterized as soon as possible. Finally, two new topologies of reflection type phase shifters were presented, one for the RF band and one for the millimetre-wave one. For the one in RF band, the phase shift can reach more than 360° with a great figure-of-merit as compared to the state-of-the-art. Concerning the phase shifter in the millimetre-wave band, the simulation results show a phase shift of 341° with also a high figure-of-merit.
3

Miniaturized quadrature hybrid and rat race coupler utilizing coupled lines for LTE frequency bands

Rahman, Masiur January 2013 (has links)
Nowadays, demands for fully integrated and miniaturized RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits) have increased in wireless microwave communication system. Passive components such as coupler, divider and filters are always fabricated in outside of ICs due to their bulky sizes, which have been a great barrier to a realization of a fully integrated design. To solve this problem, miniaturization of passive components is one of the big issues at the present time. This paper shows the development of two important microwave passive components, quadrature hybrid and rat-race couplers for LTE lower (698 -960 MHz) and higher (1.71 - 2.70 GHz) frequency bands, which are obtained by replacing quarter-wave (λ/4) transmission line of a conventional coupler by their equivalent coupled line, resulting in significant size reduction. The miniaturized quadrature and rat race couplers are designed and fabricated with a Rogers 4360 substrate as a platform in producing significantly reduction. The design is validated by electromagnetic simulation and measurement. The size of the implemented quadrature hybrid coupler is 30 × 26.8 mm^2 and 14.9 × 12.5 mm^2, which are 82.60 % and 69.03% compared to the conventional couplers for lower and higher frequency band respectively. And, 55.5 × 27.9 mm^2 and 19.2 × 14.8 mm^2 for rat race coupler, which are 79.69 % and 62.35 % compared to the conventional coupler for lower and higher frequency band, respectively. Also, the reflection coefficient and the isolation are as good as conventional one and coupling procedure is similar or better than it.
4

Nouvelles Topologies des diviseurs de puissance, balun et déphaseurs en bandes RF et millimétiques, apport des lignes à ondes lentes

Burdin, François 16 July 2013 (has links) (PDF)
L'objectif de cette thèse a été premièrement de réaliser des dispositifs passifs intégrés à base de lignes à onde lentes nommées S-CPW (pour " Slow-wave CoPlanar Waveguide ") aux fréquences millimétriques. Plusieurs technologies CMOS ou BiCMOS ont été utilisées: CMOS 65 nm et 28 nm ainsi que BiCMOS 55 nm. Deux baluns, le premier basé sur une topologie de rat-race et le second basé sur un diviseur de puissance de Wilkinson modifié, ainsi qu'un inverseur de phase, ont été réalisés et mesurés dans la technologie CMOS 65 nm. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus se situent à l'état de l'art en termes de performances électriques. Un coupler hybride et un diviseur de puissance avec des sorties en phase sans isolation ont été conçus en technologie CMOS 28 nm. Les simulations montrent de très bonnes performances pour des dispositifs compacts. Les circuits sont en cours de fabrication et pourront très bientôt être caractérisés. Ensuite, une nouvelle topologie de diviseurs de puissance, avec sorties en phase et isolé a été développée, offrant une grande flexibilité et compacité en comparaison des diviseurs de puissance traditionnels. Cette topologie est parfaitement adaptée pour les technologies silicium. Comme preuve de concept, deux diviseurs de puissance avec des caractéristiques différentes ont été réalisés en technologie PCB microruban à la fréquence de 2.45 GHz. Un composent a été conçu à 60 GHz en technologie BiCMOS 55 nm utilisant des lignes S CPW. Les simulations prouvent que le dispositif est faibles pertes, adapté et isolé. Les circuits sont également en cours de fabrication. Enfin, deux topologies de " reflection type phase shifter " ont été développées, la première dans la bande RF et la seconde aux fréquences millimétrique. Pour la bande RF, le déphasage atteint plus de 360° avec une figure de mérite très élevée en comparaison avec l'état de l'art. En ce qui concerne le déphaseur dans la bande millimétrique, la simulation montre un déphasage de 341° avec également une figure de mérite élevée.
5

Aplica??es de Dispositivos de Microondas utilizando Substrato EBG/PBG para Comunica??es M?veis

Silva, Anderson Max Cirilo da 26 July 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonMCS_DISSERT.pdf: 542550 bytes, checksum: cf969edd5c8c6cd5c0f0dcbf4f8113e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-26 / The modern society depends on an efficient communications system able to of transmitting and receiving information with a higher speed and reliability every time. The need for ever more efficient devices raises optimization techniques of microstrip devices, such as techniques to increase bandwidth: thicker substrates and substrate structures with EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) and PBG (Photonic Band Gap). This work has how aims the study of the application of PBG materials on substrates of planar structures in microstrip, more precisely in directional quadrature couplers and in rat-race and impedance of transformers. A study of the planar structures in microstrip and substrates EBG is presented. The PBG substrates can be used to optimize the radiation through the air, thus reducing the occurrence of surface waves and the resulting diffraction edge responsible for degradation of radiation pattern. Through specific programs in FORTRAN Power Station obtained the frequencies and couplings for each structure. Are used the program PACMO - Computer Aided Design in Microwave. Results are obtained of the frequency and coupling devices, ranging the frequency band used (cellular communication and Wimax systems) and the permittivity of the substrate, comparing the results of conventional material and PBG materials in the s and p polarizations. / A sociedade moderna depende de um eficiente sistema de comunica??es, capaz de transmitir e receber informa??es com uma velocidade e confiabilidade maiores a cada momento. A necessidade de dispositivos cada vez mais eficientes faz surgir t?cnicas de otimiza??o dos dispositivos em microfita, como por exemplo, t?cnicas para aumentar a largura de banda: substratos mais espessos e estruturas com substratos de Banda Eletromagn?tica Proibida - EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) e Banda Fot?nica Proibida - PBG (Photonic Band Gap). Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da aplica??o de materiais EBG/PBG em substratos de estruturas planares em microfita, mais precisamente em acopladores direcionais em quadratura e em anel e em transformadores de imped?ncias. ? apresentado um estudo das estruturas planares em microfita e dos substratos EBG/PBG. Substratos PBG podem ser usados para otimizar a irradia??o pelo ar, reduzindo assim a ocorr?ncia de ondas superficiais e a conseq?ente difra??o de borda respons?vel pela degrada??o do diagrama de radia??o. Atrav?s de programas espec?ficos em FORTRAN obtiveram-se as freq??ncias e acoplamentos para cada estrutura. Foi utilizado o programa PACMO Projeto Auxiliado por Computador para Microondas. S?o obtidos resultados da freq??ncia e acoplamentos dos dispositivos, variando-se banda de freq??ncia utilizada (sistemas de comunica??o celular e Wimax) e a permissividade do substrato, comparando-se os resultados de materiais convencionais e materiais PBG nas polariza??es s e p.
6

Mikropáskové vazební směrové a hybridní členy - laboratorní úloha / Microstrip Directional and Hybrid Couplers - a laboratory experiment

Orság, Petr January 2008 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the elaboration of a laboratory experiment with basic types of microstrip directional and hybrid couplers in the frequency range up to tens GHz. The thesis is concerned on branch line directional coupler, rat-race directional coupler, De Rondeho coupler, coupled-line coupler, and Lange directional coupler. Simulated results are confronted with measured results obtained by a skalar network analyzer. From overall findings the relevant laboratory experiment was configured and designed.

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