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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studies on the effects of moderate exercise on Nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the female wistar rat /

Mason, Steven R. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.
2

Reduced intraabdominal fat after lower-dose treadmill training in growing female rats

David, Lynne Catherine 12 October 2001 (has links)
The presence of an increased accumulation of intraabdominal fat (IAF) has been linked to dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, which precede the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been shown that IAF begins depostition during childhood. Human studies suggest that regular endurance exercise, that does not necessarily produce an increase in aerobic capacity, can effectively reduce IAF accumulation during these early years. In contrast to human research, studies using animal models of human disease typically employ extremely large volumes of exercise with the intent to maximize aerobic capacity. The present study examined whether half the amount of endurance training, that was previously reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy and approximately double the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscle in rats, would reduce the growth-related accumulation of IAF in growing female rats. Twenty-two 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a running experimental or a non-running control group. The runners exercised on a treadmill 5 days/week for 60 min/day at a speed of 27m/min and up a 15% grade for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, the parametrial, omental and mesenteric IAF depots and the heart were excised and weighed. Compared with non-runners, the runners had a significantly lower mean parametrial fat mass (2.22 g vs. 3.13 g, p=0.05) and a higher mean heart weight (0.97 g vs. 0.90 g, p=0.05) at the end of 10 weeks. In addition, the lower mean parametrial fat mass in the runners vs. the non-runners (2.19 g vs. 3.19 g, p=0.02) remained significant even after adjusting for the greater heart weights of the runners. One-half the amount of exercise, that was previously reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy and approximately double the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscle in rats, yielded an 8% greater heart weight and a 29% lower parametrial IAF mass, on average, in growing female rats. In addition, the effects of treadmill running on reducing parametrial fat accumulation were independent of the effects of running on increasing heart weight. Thus, future studies examining the effects of exercise on IAF and other health-related metabolic outcomes in rats may consider using lower-dose endurance training protocols that are not designed to maximize improvements in aerobic capacity. / Graduation date: 2002
3

Dietary glucose restriction, chronic exercise and litter size : effects on rat milk and mammary gland compositions

Matsuno, April Y. January 1996 (has links)
Glucose is a principle precursor for milk lactose and de novo synthesis of milk fat; therefore exercising during lactation could create competition for glucose between exercising muscle and lactating mammary gland. This study investigated the combined effects of maternal dietary glucose (20%, 40%, 60%), exercise (chronically exercised, sedentary) and litter size (8, 12 pups) on rat mammary gland composition, milk composition, milk yield and pup growth. Chronic exercise increased milk fat concentrations and an interaction between chronic exercise and 20% dietary glucose decreased milk lactose concentrations compared to 40% or 60% glucose diets. Restricting maternal dietary glucose also decreased milk fat concentrations and exercise decreased mammary fat. In addition, pups of dams fed the 40% glucose diet were heavier on lactation day 15 than pups of dams fed the 60% diet. These results suggest that competition for glucose occurs and that a 40% glucose maternal diet may be more appropriate for pup growth.
4

Padronização de um modelo de indução de overreaching em ratos : desenvolvimento e perspectivas de investigação em natação e esteira / Standardization of overreaching model for rats detected by performance decrement : development and perspectives in swimming and treadmill research

Hohl, Rodrigo 06 June 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Denise Vaz de Macedo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T20:10:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hohl_Rodrigo_D.pdf: 822844 bytes, checksum: fd38d4c98d17c89e25fcfd09540ba103 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O empirismo do treinamento pode levar a um desequilíbrio entre estímulo da atividade motora e tempo de recuperação do esforço. Como conseqüência o atleta pode experimentar um estado agudo de fadiga e queda de desempenho denominado de overreaching, revertido em poucos dias. A persistência desta situação de desequilíbrio pode levar a um quadro crônico de sensação de fadiga acompanhado de queda de desempenho denominado de síndrome do overtraining (OTS), que pode durar semanas ou meses. O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar um protocolo controlado e reprodutível de treinamento em ratos que contivesse um período de desequilíbrio entre o estímulo do exercício e o tempo de recuperação que gerasse queda de desempenho. Há duas formas de exercício em ratos amplamente utilizadas na literatura: a natação e a corrida em esteira. Os primeiros dois capítulos deste trabalho descrevem a padronização de um teste de desempenho em natação, reprodutível ao longo do crescimento animal, para ser utilizado em estudos longitudinais. Para isso, precisávamos considerar o empuxo sofrido pelo animal no meio líquido e validamos (Capítulo I) um aparato de medição de volume para animais vivos e conscientes (AMV). No capítulo II apresentamos os dados da comparação da reprodutibilidade de dois testes de desempenho até a exaustão na natação durante os cinco primeiros meses de vida dos ratos. Um teste com adição de cargas ajustadas de acordo com o porcentual da massa corporal (MC) e outro com cargas constantes (CC). Utilizando o AMV constatamos que a densidade dos animais não variava e, como conseqüência, o teste MC diminuía o tempo de exaustão conforme os ratos aumentavam a massa durante o crescimento, enquanto o teste CC mantinha o tempo de exaustão ao longo do tempo. Paralelamente, iniciamos os estudos com exercício em esteira. No Capítulo III apresentamos um protocolo de 11 semanas, onde o desequilíbrio entre exercício e recuperação foi determinado pelo aumento das sessões diárias nas três últimas semanas em 2, 3 e 4 vezes, com diminuição no tempo de recuperação entre elas. Selecionamos no final desse treinamento dois grupos de ratos, aqueles que apresentaram baixo desempenho (BD) e aqueles que apresentaram aumento ou manutenção do desempenho (AD). Embora ambos os grupos tenham apresentado uma diminuição da massa corporal durante o aumento da freqüência de treinamento, o grupo BD precisou de uma semana a mais de repouso para voltar a aumentar a massa, sem modificar o desempenho. No Capítulo IV comparamos quatro grupos de ratos obtidos desse protocolo (Controle (CO), Treinados (T), BD e AD) em análises no sangue (glutamina, glutamato, alanina e hemograma) e músculo (citrato sintase (CS), lactato desidrogenase e glicogênio). Comparando BD com T e AD observamos: (1) diminuição da concentração plasmática de glutamina e aumento na de glutamato, com valores semelhantes aos do grupo CO; (2) diminuição da capacidade oxidativa (CS) e manutenção dos estoques de glicogênio; (3) leucocitose. Em vista das diferenças encontrada entre os grupos BD e AD, concluímos que o protocolo de treinamento de indução de overreaching representa uma ferramenta metodológica importante, que pode auxiliar no desvendamento dos mecanismos causadores da queda de desempenho nos estados de overreaching/OTS / Abstract: The empirical training can lead to an imbalance between the motor activity stress and recovery. As consequence, the athlete can try an acute state of fatigue and performance decrement called overreaching, reverted in a few days. This continuous unbalance can lead to a chronic fatigue state called as overtraining syndrome (OTS), that may last weeks or months. Our goal was to standardize a controlled and reproducible training protocol in rats that contained an unbalance period between exercise stress and recovery with performance decrement. Two forms of exercise is widely used for rats training in literature: swimming and treadmill running. Chapters I and II describe an adequate standardization for workload in swimming tests when applied to longitudinal studies with sedentary rats. Therefore, considering the rats' buoyance, we validate (Chapter I) an apparatus for measuring conscientious living rat body volume (AMV). In chapter II, we evaluated two types of swimming tests with overload in sedentary rats: one with the load adjusted according to percentage of body weight (BW) and another one with constant load (CL) over time. Through the AMV, we found that the rats' density did not vary significantly, as consequence, MC test showed performance decrement as the rats had their mass increased, while CC test maintained performance along rats growth. In time, we initiate the studies with treadmill exercise. In Chapter III, we present an eleven weeks training protocol where the unbalance between exercise stress and recovery was determined by the increase of the daily sessions in 2, 3 and 4 times in the last three weeks, reducing the recovery time between sessions. We selected two groups of rats in the end of the training protocol, those that presented low performance (BD) and those that presented performance increase or maintenance (AD). Although both groups (AD and BD) showed corporal mass reduction during the increase of the daily frequency, BD group return to increase the mass one week later than AD group, without modifying the performance. In Chapter IV, we compare four groups of rats after the eleven weeks training protocol (Control (CO), Trained (T), AD and BD) in blood (glutamine, glutamate, alanine and hematological variables) and muscle analyses (citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen). Comparing BD with AD and T groups, we observe: (1) reduction of the glutamine plasma concentration and increase of glutamate, with similar CO values; (2) reduction of the oxidative capacity (CS) and maintenance of the glycogen stores; (3) leucocitosys. We conclude that the training protocol induces the rats to overreaching and it represents a relevant methodological tool in overreaching / OTS metabolical mechanisms research envolved in performance decrement / Doutorado / Fisiologia / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
5

Dietary glucose restriction, chronic exercise and litter size : effects on rat milk and mammary gland compositions

Matsuno, April Y. January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
6

Reatividade vascular de aneis de aorta isolada de ratos normo ou hiperlipidemicos, sedentarios ou submetidos a natação / Vascular reactivity of isolated aortic from norm hyperlipidemic rats, sedentary or submited to swimming

Estrela, Heder Frank Gianotto 27 June 2007 (has links)
Orientadores: Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse, Regina Celia Spadari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estrela_HederFrankGianotto_M.pdf: 2827124 bytes, checksum: 2164e7c83b8b84f2615251a98db5bfb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Lipídios provenientes da dieta têm importante participação nas alterações vasculares observadas na síndrome plurimetabólica. O objetivo desta tese foi analisar a reatividade vascular de anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio isoladas de ratos normo ou hiperlipidêmicos, sedentários ou submetidos à natação. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram usados após uma semana de adaptação em salas climatizadas 22±2ºC e com ciclo claro-escuro de 12 h (luzes acendendo as 6:30 da manhã). Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com os princípios para utilização de animais em pesquisa e educação e adotados pelo COBEA (Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). Os animais foram randomicamente distribuídos em dois grupos: sedentários (S) e que praticaram exercício físico (T). O exercício constou de sessões de natação na freqüência de 5 dias na semana com 50 minutos de duração durante 20 dias em tanque de água com temperatura de 34 ± 2oC. Estes dois grupos foram ainda subdivididos em 2 subgrupos, o que recebia ração padrão (N) e outro que recebia dieta rica em lipídios (H). Anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio foram isoladas e curvas cumulativas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina (NA), à acetilcolina (ACh) e ao nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) foram obtidas, na ausência ou presença de L-NAME ou indometacina. Os ratos sedentários e tratados com dieta hiperlipídica (HS) apresentaram aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total e das frações LDL e VLDL, determinados ao final da quarta semana de tratamento. O protocolo de natação não induziu qualquer alteração no perfil lipídico dos ratos normolipidêmicos (NT vs NS). Entretanto este programa de atividade física impediu o aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total, e suas frações LDL e VLDL, induzidos pela dieta hiperlipídica. A remoção do endotélio promoveu aumento da resposta máxima (gf) e dos valores pD2 à noradrenalina em todos os grupos [2,13±0,18 e 7,19±0,14 (NScom) - 3,60±0,20* e 7,69±0,09* (NSsem); 1,46±0,14 e 7,31±0,09 (NTcom) - 3,14±0,10* e 7,86±0,10* (NTsem); 2,02±0,08 e 7,09±0,13 (HScom) - 3,52±0,10* e 7,89±0,06* (HSsem); 2,08±0,19 e 7,37±0,10 (HTcom) - 3,17±0,19* e 7,82±0,13* (HTsem). Estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) em: * comparado aos anéis com endotélio (Teste t de student)]. A dieta hiperlipídica não promoveu alterações vasculares aos diferentes agonistas, em animais sedentários (NS vs HS). O programa de exercício físico proposto induziu redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta máxima à acetilcolina em ratos normolipidêmicos (NS vs NT). A resposta máxima (%) e os valores pD2 à acetilcolina foram respectivamente: 61,87 ± 6,13 e 6,91 ± 0,06 (NS), 90,35 ± 3,15abc e 7,11 ± 0,08a (NT), 53,22 ± 2,80 e 6,78 ± 0,06 (HS); 69,70 ± 4,63 e 6,94 ± 0,11 (HT), a comparado ao grupo NS; b comparado ao grupo HS e c comparado ao grupo HT (p<0,05 ANOVA seguida de teste de Tukey). A associação da dieta hiperlipídica e a atividade física fez com que não fossem observadas redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta à acetilcolina nos animais exercitados (NT vs HT). Estes efeitos induzidos pelas sessões de natação foram abolidos pela remoção do endotélio ou tratamento com L-NAME, indicando a participação do NO derivado do endotélio. Nenhuma alteração foi observada na curva concentração-efeito ao SNP nos diferentes grupos: 100% e 7,83 ± 0,11 (resposta máxima e valores pD2, respectivamente). Assim podemos sugerir que o programa de exercício físico proposto diminui a resposta vascular à noradrenalina e aumenta a resposta vasorelaxante à acetilcolina por aumento do NO derivado do endotélio, e que a dieta hiperlipídica embora não cause alterações vasculares nos animais sedentários, impede os efeitos benéficos do exercício / Abstract: Ingesting a lipid diet has an important effect on vasomotor changes found in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to analyze the vascular reactivity on isolated aortic rings with or without endothelium from normo or hyperlipidemic rats, sedentary or submitted to swimming. Adult male Wistar rats were used after one week of adaptation in acclimated room at 22±2ºC and 12h light-dark cycle (lights on at 6:30 a.m.). The experiments were carried out in accordance to the principles for animals use in research and education and adopted by COBEA (Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation). The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, sedentary (S) and exercised (T) with swimming sessions, 5 days a week (50 min. session) for 20 days in a glass tank with water at 34 ± 2oC. These two groups were divided into two subgroups; one of them fed with a standard chow (N) and the other, a high fat-CHO diet (H). Aortic rings with or without endothelium were isolated and cumulative concentration-effect curves to noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained, in presence or absence of L-NAME or indomethacin. High fat-CHO diet ingestion during four weeks induced a significant increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein plasma levels. The physical exercise program did not altered blood lipid levels in normolipidemic rats however avoided the increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein blood levels induced by high fat-CHO diet. The absence of endothelium increased the maximum response (gf) and pD2 values to noradrenaline in all groups [2.13±0.18 e 7.19±0.14 (NSwith) ¿ 3.60±0.20* e 7.69±0.09* (NSwithout); 1.46±0.14 e 7.31±0.09 (NTwith) ¿ 3.14±0.10* e 7.86±0.10* (NTwithout); 2.02±0.08 e 7.09±0.13 (HSwith) ¿ 3.52±0.10* e 7.89±0.06* (HSwithout); 2.08±0.19 e 7.37±0.10 (HTwith) ¿ 3.17±0.19* e 7.82±0.13* (HTwithout). Statistically difference (p<0.05) in: * compared to rings with endothelium (student¿s t test)]. The high fat-CHO diet didn¿t promote any changes in the vasomotor response to any of the compounds, in sedentary rats (NS vs HS). The physical exercise program induced decrease of the maximum response to noradrenaline and increase of maximum response to acetylcholine in normolipidemic rats (NS vs NT). The maximum response (%) and pD2 values to acetylcholine were respectively: 61.87 ± 6.13 e 6.91 ± 0.06 (NS), 90.35 ± 3.15abc e 7.11 ± 0.08a (NT), 53.22 ± 2.80 e 6.78 ± 0.06 (HS); 69.70 ± 4.63 e 6.94 ± 0.11 (HT); a compared to NS group; b compared to HS group, and c compared to HT group (p<0.05 ANOVA, after by Tukey¿s test). The high fat-CHO diet avoided the decrease of maximum response to noradrenaline and increase to acetylcholine on exercised rats (NT vs HT). Those effects induced by the swimming program were prevented by the endothelium removal or tissue treatment with L-NAME, suggesting the participation of endothelium derived NO. No changes were observed in the concentration-effect curves to SNP in aorta of rats from any group: 100% e 7.83 ± 0.11 (maximum response and pD2 value, respectively). We suggest that the physical exercise program decreased vasomotor response to noradrenaline and increased the vasorelaxant response to acetylcholine by increasing of endothelium derived NO, and that the high fat-CHO diet avoids the benefit effects from physical exercise, although it doesn¿t cause vasomotor changes in sedentary rats / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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