Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, 2002. / Includes published paper co-authored by Peach. Bibliography: leaves 172-195. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--College of William and Mary. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-116)

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1979.

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magro_nm_me_botib_parcial.pdf: 150597 bytes, checksum: f72560387269837347ffc3d3d8176cb8 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-03T11:42:40Z: magro_nm_me_botib_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-03T11:44:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723156_20150829.pdf: 138154 bytes, checksum: 11e183a97d82ce65283a9e648179ab21 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-31T12:12:23Z: 000723156_20150829.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T12:12:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723156.pdf: 899918 bytes, checksum: a91a38997709ba305d3e3525bae8ff50 (MD5) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de hemogregarinas em arraias de água doce da Bacia Amazônica. Foram examinadas arraias pertencentes às espécies Potamotrygon sp., Potamotrygon motoro e Paratrygon aiereba, do Arquipélago de Mariuá, Rio Negro, Bacia Amazônica, e do Lago Amapá, Bacia do Rio Acre, Brasil. Os animais foram capturados com redes de mão e sedados com Eugenol (0,2 g/L) para a colheita de sangue, através da punção do capilar branquial. Foram confeccionadas extensões sanguíneas, que foram fixadas com metanol e coradas por May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Ao todo, foram capturados 93 animais sendo 34 Potamotrygon sp., 44 P. motoro e 15 P. aiereba. A prevalência total de animais positivos foi 49,46% e entre as espécies, P. aiereba foi de 23,91%, P. motoro de 26,08% e Potamotrygon sp. de 50%. A parasitemia variou de 0,1% a 10%, porém, na região do Lago Amapá, os animais capturados pertenciam apenas à espécie P. motoro (n = 25) e todos eram negativos para a presença de formas parasitárias nos eritrócitos. Os estágios evolutivos observados nas extensões sanguíneas incluíam trofozoítos ou merozoítos, merontes ou esquizontes, prégamontes ou gamontes imaturos e gamontes (microgamontes e macrogamontes). As diversas fases do desenvolvimento foram encontradas, com maior frequência, dentro dos eritrócitos, porém, formas extraeritrocitária também foram observadas. As formas intraeritrocitárias não causaram alterações significativas nos eritrócitos, exceto as fases consideradas merontes. As formas evolutivas observadas eram similares àquelas descritas na literatura como pertencentes ao gênero Cyrilia. Baseando-se nos dados morfológicos e morfométricos descrevemos uma espécie nova pertencente ao gênero Cyrilia. Este foi o primeiro estudo de prevalência e caracterização de hemogregarina em arraias de água doce no Brasil / This research aimed to evaluate the presence of hemogregarinas in freshwater stingrays of the Amazon basin. Were examined stingrays belonging to the species Potamotrygon sp., Potamotrygon motoro e Paratrygon aiereba, from the Archipelago of Mariuá, Negro River, Middle Negro RiverBasin, and Lake Amapá, Acre River Basin, Brazil. The animals were captured with dipnets and sedated with Eugenol (0, 2 g/L) for blood sample, through capillary gill puncture. Blood smears were made and fixed with methanol and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa.Altogether 93 animals were captured being 34 Potamotrygon sp., 44 P. motoro and 15 P. aiereba. The Total prevalence of positive animals were 48.5% and between the species, P. aiereba was about 23.9%, P. motoro was 26.1% and P. sp was about 50%. The parasitaemia ranged from 0.1% to 10%, however, in the region of Amapá Lake, the animals that was captured belongs only to the P.motoro species (n = 25) and all the blood samples were negatives to parasitic forms. The evolutionary stages observed on the blood samples includes trophozoites or merozoites, schizonts or meronts, pregamonts or immature gamonts and gamonts (microgamonts and macrogamonts). The various evolutionary stages were found, with more frequency, inside the erythrocyte, however, extraerythrocyte forms were observerd. The intraerythrocytedid not cause significant changes in the erythrocyte, except merontes stage. The evolutionary forms observed were similar to those descripts in the literature as belonging to the Cyrilia genus. Relying on the morphological data and morphometric we described a new species of genus Cyrilia. This is the first report of prevalence and characterization of hemogregarine in freshwater stingrays in Brazil

Orientador: Lucia Helena O'Dwyer de Oliveira / Banca: Reinaldo Jose da Silva / Banca: Karina Paduan Rubini / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de hemogregarinas em arraias de água doce da Bacia Amazônica. Foram examinadas arraias pertencentes às espécies Potamotrygon sp., Potamotrygon motoro e Paratrygon aiereba, do Arquipélago de Mariuá, Rio Negro, Bacia Amazônica, e do Lago Amapá, Bacia do Rio Acre, Brasil. Os animais foram capturados com redes de mão e sedados com Eugenol (0,2 g/L) para a colheita de sangue, através da punção do capilar branquial. Foram confeccionadas extensões sanguíneas, que foram fixadas com metanol e coradas por May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Ao todo, foram capturados 93 animais sendo 34 Potamotrygon sp., 44 P. motoro e 15 P. aiereba. A prevalência total de animais positivos foi 49,46% e entre as espécies, P. aiereba foi de 23,91%, P. motoro de 26,08% e Potamotrygon sp. de 50%. A parasitemia variou de 0,1% a 10%, porém, na região do Lago Amapá, os animais capturados pertenciam apenas à espécie P. motoro (n = 25) e todos eram negativos para a presença de formas parasitárias nos eritrócitos. Os estágios evolutivos observados nas extensões sanguíneas incluíam trofozoítos ou merozoítos, merontes ou esquizontes, prégamontes ou gamontes imaturos e gamontes (microgamontes e macrogamontes). As diversas fases do desenvolvimento foram encontradas, com maior frequência, dentro dos eritrócitos, porém, formas extraeritrocitária também foram observadas. As formas intraeritrocitárias não causaram alterações significativas nos eritrócitos, exceto as fases consideradas merontes. As formas evolutivas observadas eram similares àquelas descritas na literatura como pertencentes ao gênero Cyrilia. Baseando-se nos dados morfológicos e morfométricos descrevemos uma espécie nova pertencente ao gênero Cyrilia. Este foi o primeiro estudo de prevalência e caracterização de hemogregarina em arraias de água doce no Brasil / Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the presence of hemogregarinas in freshwater stingrays of the Amazon basin. Were examined stingrays belonging to the species Potamotrygon sp., Potamotrygon motoro e Paratrygon aiereba, from the Archipelago of Mariuá, Negro River, Middle Negro RiverBasin, and Lake Amapá, Acre River Basin, Brazil. The animals were captured with dipnets and sedated with Eugenol (0, 2 g/L) for blood sample, through capillary gill puncture. Blood smears were made and fixed with methanol and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa.Altogether 93 animals were captured being 34 Potamotrygon sp., 44 P. motoro and 15 P. aiereba. The Total prevalence of positive animals were 48.5% and between the species, P. aiereba was about 23.9%, P. motoro was 26.1% and P. sp was about 50%. The parasitaemia ranged from 0.1% to 10%, however, in the region of Amapá Lake, the animals that was captured belongs only to the P.motoro species (n = 25) and all the blood samples were negatives to parasitic forms. The evolutionary stages observed on the blood samples includes trophozoites or merozoites, schizonts or meronts, pregamonts or immature gamonts and gamonts (microgamonts and macrogamonts). The various evolutionary stages were found, with more frequency, inside the erythrocyte, however, extraerythrocyte forms were observerd. The intraerythrocytedid not cause significant changes in the erythrocyte, except merontes stage. The evolutionary forms observed were similar to those descripts in the literature as belonging to the Cyrilia genus. Relying on the morphological data and morphometric we described a new species of genus Cyrilia. This is the first report of prevalence and characterization of hemogregarine in freshwater stingrays in Brazil / Mestre

Trygonorrhina fasciata (Rhinobatidae) specimens naturally infected by three monogenean species were captured and maintained in marine aquaria to promote a continuous parasite load. Monogenean eggs recovered from aquaria provided larvae for descriptions and life history experiments. I describe the adult, larva and post-larval development of a new species of hexabothriid, Branchotenthes octohamatus, from the gills. This is the first monogenean larva described with only eight hooklets. This character may be useful to help resolve problematic relationships within the Hexabothriidae and offers insight into more general hypotheses about relationships within the Monogenea. I also redescribe the adult of Calicotyle australis (Monocotylidae) from the cloaca and describe the larva. The number and arrangement of larval ciliated epidermal cells and sensilla was revealed using silver nitrate. I redescribe Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae (Microbothriidae) adults from the skin of T. fasciata, representing a new host and locality record. Larval anatomy and post-larval development are also documented. The presence of six needle-like spicules in the larval haptor is confirmed, supporting an earlier theory that spicules are ancestral vestiges. My studies revealed three different egg hatching, host finding strategies and larval ‘types’. Branchotenthes octohamatus has a ‘sit-and-wait’ strategy, entirely dependent on mechanical disturbance to stimulate eggs to hatch. Larvae are unciliated, cannot swim, lack pigmented eyespots and show no photo-response but may survive for more than two days after hatching at 22ºC. In contrast, eggs of C. australis hatch spontaneously with a strong diurnal rhythm in the first few hours of daylight when exposed to a LD12:12 illumination regime. Larvae are ciliated and can swim, have pigmented eyespots, are photo-positive and can remain active and survive for up to 24 h after hatching at 22ºC. Eggs of P. aptychotremae may have a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. Some eggs hatch spontaneously and rhythmically in an LD12:12 regime during the last few hours of daylight but their low hatching success rate suggests that other eggs may require a different cue provided by the host. Larvae are ciliated, can swim, lack pigmented eyespots, show no photo-response and remain active for only a few hours at 22ºC. Experiments using the fluorescent dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) revealed B. octohamatus on gills of T. fasciata within 30 min of exposure to the host. This provides strong evidence that larvae invade the gills directly via the host’s inhalant respiratory current and do not migrate after initial attachment elsewhere. Five rhinobatid species (Aptychotrema vincentiana, T. fasciata, Trygonorrhina sp. A, A. rostrata and Rhinobatos typus), with overlapping distributions spanning west, south and east Australian coastal waters were surveyed for monogeneans at four locations between Fremantle, Western Australia and Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Genetic homogeneity, using the mitochrondrial gene Cytochrome b (cytb) and the nuclear marker, Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1a), was observed for all Branchotenthes and Calicotyle specimens irrespective of collection locality or rhinobatid species. Genetic homogeneity was observed for Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected in western and southern Australia. However, local genetic heterogeneity was apparent among Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected from two sympatric host species in New South Wales. Analyses revealed a highly divergent clade, indicating a morphologically cryptic, ancestral species. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1323070 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008

Trygonorrhina fasciata (Rhinobatidae) specimens naturally infected by three monogenean species were captured and maintained in marine aquaria to promote a continuous parasite load. Monogenean eggs recovered from aquaria provided larvae for descriptions and life history experiments. I describe the adult, larva and post-larval development of a new species of hexabothriid, Branchotenthes octohamatus, from the gills. This is the first monogenean larva described with only eight hooklets. This character may be useful to help resolve problematic relationships within the Hexabothriidae and offers insight into more general hypotheses about relationships within the Monogenea. I also redescribe the adult of Calicotyle australis (Monocotylidae) from the cloaca and describe the larva. The number and arrangement of larval ciliated epidermal cells and sensilla was revealed using silver nitrate. I redescribe Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae (Microbothriidae) adults from the skin of T. fasciata, representing a new host and locality record. Larval anatomy and post-larval development are also documented. The presence of six needle-like spicules in the larval haptor is confirmed, supporting an earlier theory that spicules are ancestral vestiges. My studies revealed three different egg hatching, host finding strategies and larval ‘types’. Branchotenthes octohamatus has a ‘sit-and-wait’ strategy, entirely dependent on mechanical disturbance to stimulate eggs to hatch. Larvae are unciliated, cannot swim, lack pigmented eyespots and show no photo-response but may survive for more than two days after hatching at 22ºC. In contrast, eggs of C. australis hatch spontaneously with a strong diurnal rhythm in the first few hours of daylight when exposed to a LD12:12 illumination regime. Larvae are ciliated and can swim, have pigmented eyespots, are photo-positive and can remain active and survive for up to 24 h after hatching at 22ºC. Eggs of P. aptychotremae may have a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. Some eggs hatch spontaneously and rhythmically in an LD12:12 regime during the last few hours of daylight but their low hatching success rate suggests that other eggs may require a different cue provided by the host. Larvae are ciliated, can swim, lack pigmented eyespots, show no photo-response and remain active for only a few hours at 22ºC. Experiments using the fluorescent dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) revealed B. octohamatus on gills of T. fasciata within 30 min of exposure to the host. This provides strong evidence that larvae invade the gills directly via the host’s inhalant respiratory current and do not migrate after initial attachment elsewhere. Five rhinobatid species (Aptychotrema vincentiana, T. fasciata, Trygonorrhina sp. A, A. rostrata and Rhinobatos typus), with overlapping distributions spanning west, south and east Australian coastal waters were surveyed for monogeneans at four locations between Fremantle, Western Australia and Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Genetic homogeneity, using the mitochrondrial gene Cytochrome b (cytb) and the nuclear marker, Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1a), was observed for all Branchotenthes and Calicotyle specimens irrespective of collection locality or rhinobatid species. Genetic homogeneity was observed for Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected in western and southern Australia. However, local genetic heterogeneity was apparent among Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected from two sympatric host species in New South Wales. Analyses revealed a highly divergent clade, indicating a morphologically cryptic, ancestral species. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1323070 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008

Florida’s Indian River Lagoon (IRL) has experienced myriad anthropogenic impacts and knowledge on elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) in the southern IRL is lacking. A fishery independent survey (longline/gillnet) was implemented to 1) assess the effects of bait type [striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) versus Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)] and mesh size (15.2 cm versus 20.3 cm stretch mesh) on elasmobranch species composition, catch-per-unit effort, and size distributions and 2) characterize elasmobranch abundance and distribution. From 2016 - 2018, 630 individuals (16 species) were captured, more often in the gillnet than the longline. Catch-per-unit-effort was significantly higher with mullet than mackerel. Species composition differed among gears. Although dependent on gear, there was evidence of seasonal and spatial patterns in abundance and species composition. This study provides the first baseline abundance indices for many elasmobranchs in the IRL and develops the capacity to understand how elasmobranchs may respond to changes in this highly modified estuary. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection