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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Rôle du gène de floraison VvFT dans la mise en place de la floraison chez la vigne : mise en évidence des mécanismes d'extinction génique chez la vigne et de leurs réponses face aux stress abiotiques / Rôle VvFT flowering gene in the establishment of flowering in grapes : demonstration of gene silencing mechanisms in grapevine and their response ta abiotic stress

Romon, Marjorie 19 September 2013 (has links)
Chez la vigne, les gibbérellines activent le débourrement des bourgeons latents et stimulent la formation de vrilles mais contrairement à Arabidopsis, celles-ci semblent inhiber la formation d'inflorescences. Par ailleurs, comme la floraison de la vigne n'est pas sensible à la photopériode,on peut se demander si l'orthologue du gène FT (VvFT) a tout de même un rôle intégrateur au niveau des feuilles et s'il active l'expression de l'orthologue du gène LFY (VFL). Dans la première partie de ma thèse, nous avons conduit une analyse moléculaire avec un matériel original : un porte-greffe 41 B transformé avec une construction contenant le gène VvFT sous contrôle du promoteur 35S et une plante dérivée du Pinot Meunier, portant une mutation dans le gène GA-INSENSITIVE (GAl). Notre étude montre que les gibbérellines ou/et le gène VvFT activent les gènes de floraison comme VFL. mais avec des réponses très différentes entre la vrille, les bourgeons latents et les inflorescences.Dans la seconde partie de ma thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés au silencing. Nous avons produit des plantes transgéniques de la lignée PN40024 contenant soit le gène codant la GFP, soit une construction tige-boucle GF-FG, soit les deux. Les cals embryogènes transgéniques GFP et GFP+GF-FG sont fluorescents. Par contre, nous avons observé une disparition totale de la fluorescence chez ces PN40024 GFP+GF-FG, dès l'apparition des premières feuilles et chez la plante entière. L'étude moléculaire a mis en évidence des petits ARNs de 21 nt et 24nt produits à partir de la construction tige-boucle GF-FG. Des petits ARNs secondaires de 21 nt produit à partir de la séquence de la GFP ont été également été détectés. / In grapevine, gibberellins activate latent bud and stimulate the formation of tendrils but in contrast to Arabidopsis, they appear to inhibit the formation of inflorescences. Moreover, as the flowering of the grapevine is not sensitive ta photoperiod, one might wonder whether the ortholog of the FTgene (VvFT) still has an integrative raie in leaves and it activates the expression of the ortholog ofLFY gene (VFL). ln the first part of my thesis, we conducted a molecular analysis with original material: a rootstock 41 B transformed with a construct containing the VvFT gene under the control of the 35S promoter and a derivative of the plant Pinot Meunier, carrying a mutation in the GA-INSENSITIVE gene (GAl). Our study shows that gibberellins and 1 or the gene VvFT activate genes in flowering as a VFL, but with very different responses between the tendril, latent buds and inflorescences.ln the second part of my thesis, we are interested in silencing. We produced transgenic plants of the PN40024 which line containing either the gene encoding GFP, a stem-loop structure GF-FG, orbath. The embryogenic callus transgenic GFP and GFP + GF-FG fluoresce. We observed acomplete disappearance of fluorescence in PN40024 GFP + GF-FG, from the first leaves appear and in the whole plant Molecular analysis revealed small RNAs of 21 nt and 24nt produced from the stem-loop structure GF-FG. Small secondary 21 nt RNAs produced from the sequence of the GFP were also detected.
2

Relación entre el silenciamiento de RNA y la patogénesis inducida por un viroide con replicación nuclear

Martínez Arias, Germán Eugenio 26 July 2011 (has links)
Interés del estudio: Los viroides son patógenos exclusivos de plantas que infectan un gran número de especies de interés agronómico. Sin capacidad descrita para codificar proteínas, todas las fases de su ciclo vital son estrictamente dependientes de su interacción con factores del huésped. Históricamente se ha asumido que la patogénesis es consecuencia de la competencia huésped-patógeno por factores celulares implicados en el ciclo vital del viroide. En los últimos años se ha propuesto que la respuesta de silenciamiento de RNA (RNAi) del huésped frente a estos patógenos es la responsable de la respuesta patogénica de los viroides. En el presente trabajo se ha tratado de estudiar en profundidad la relación entre el mecanismo de silenciamiento de RNA y la patogénesis viroidal (en concreto del viroide del enanismo del lúpulo, HSVd). Objetivos: 1- Estudiar el proceso de patogénesis inducido por HSVd y la maquinaria de RNAi 2- Caracterizar mediante secuenciación masiva los sRNAs derivados de HSVd (vd-sRNAs). 4- Analizar la distribución diferencial de vd-sRNAs en distintos tejidos (hoja y floema). 5- Determinar las alteraciones inducidas por la infección en las vías endógenas de RNAi. Elementos de la metodología a destacar: - Uso de un sistema transgénico para estudiar el fenómeno de la patogénesis. - Uso de técnicas de secuenciación masiva para la caracterización de sRNAs. - Análisis bioinformático de los datos generados por la secuenciación masiva. Resultados logrados: - Primera publicación en la literatura de la relación de un componente de las rutas de RNAi en la patogénesis viroidal ocasionada por HSVd. - Publicación de una de las primeras secuenciaciones masivas de sRNAs derivados del HSVd. - Primera caracterización de las poblaciones de sRNAs endógenos de C.sativus, incluyendo la primera caracterización de microRNAs en esta especie. - Identificación y detección de nuevos microRNAs en C.sativus. / Martínez Arias, GE. (2011). Relación entre el silenciamiento de RNA y la patogénesis inducida por un viroide con replicación nuclear [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11302 / Palancia
3

Dynamika a mechanismus umlčování reportérového genu pro GFP v závislosti na aktivitě RDR6 a způsobu indukce RNA interference v buněčné linii tabáku BY-2 / The influence of RDR6 activity and mode of RNAi induction on dynamics and mechanism of silencing of the reporter GFP gene in tobacco cell line BY-2

Motylová, Šárka January 2015 (has links)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process mediated by small RNAs (sRNA), which is significantly involved in the regulation of gene expression in plants. Diverse RNAi pathways can be divided into two basic mechanisms, which are post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS and TGS). Production of sRNAs is dependent on the presence of a double-stranded RNA molecule (dsRNA), which is cleaved by one of DCL proteins to produce sRNAs usually of 21-24 nt in length. One strand of the sRNA is subsequently loaded onto AGO protein. During PTGS, the AGO-sRNA complex interacts with the target RNA based on its sequence complementarity to the sRNA and cleaves it or blocks its translation. In the case of TGS, AGO interacts with plant-specific RNA Pol V and its transcripts, which are again complementary to the sRNA. This interaction allows assembling of a protein complex facilitating DNA and histone methylation inhibiting RNA Pol II transcription. There are numerous ways the dsRNA can arise. A significant part of dsRNA cell production is dependent on synthesising the complementary strand of the dsRNA by RDR6 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6). RDR6 is also involved in the process of the secondary sRNA formation. The significance of RDR6 during PTGS was examined using a GFP reporter gene either during...
4

Studium mechanismu posttranskripčního a transkripčního umlčování transgenů v buněčné linii tabáku BY-2 / Study of the mechanism of posttranscriptional and transcriptional transgene silencing in tobacco BY-2 cell line

Čermák, Vojtěch January 2012 (has links)
The RNA interference is a mechanism, which allows cells to regulate their genes functions, to establish and maintain heterochromatin and to defend them against invasive nucleic acids. In plants, RNA interference is initiated by double-stranded RNA, which is processed by Dicer into small RNAs, usually 20-24nt long. These small RNAs form a complex with Argonaut protein that participates in different processes based on sequence complementarity. This complex can guide mRNA cleavage, translation blocking and chromatin modifications, resulting either into posttranscriptional silencing (by preventing translation of already existing mRNA, PTGS) or transcriptional silencing (by preventing transcription of mRNA, TGS). The first step of this thesis was to establish different ways of triggering PTGS and to evaluate their functionality and efficiency. The next step was a preparation of a system which would allow to study the transition from posttrancriptional to transcriptional silencing. These so called "indicator lines" should allow to observe the timing and dynamics of this process by utilizing fluorescent proteins. This system is also going to enable to evaluate, how different factors are involved in this process - one of the factors is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) which plays an essential role in...

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