This thesis reports on a research project investigating how a sample of eight teachers of P2 children in Scotland encouraged dialogic interaction in their reading groups while following prescriptive policy. The research is based on a detailed analysis of the discourse of reading sessions conducted by the eight teachers, and is informed by previous research on oral language development, the role of dialogue in children’s learning, and the relationships between reading development and classroom discussion. The project uses mixed methods, applied to a framework derived from exchange structure research. Patterns of interaction have been examined quantitatively and qualitatively, with a particular focus on learners’ initiations, the making of text-life links by learners and teachers, and the extent to which these are integrated into the reading experience by the teachers’ use of contingent responses. The discourse analysis section of the findings is preceded by a preliminary examination of the teachers’ beliefs about classroom talk, and is followed by discussion of their views on the usefulness and adaptability of the research process itself as a means for enabling them to make their reading sessions more interactive. The project finds that the interactivity of the reading sessions is shaped by the teachers’ moment-by-moment decision-making about the control of centrifugal and centripetal forces in discourse; in particular, how far to allow children’s personal responses to the text to deflect group attention from the central goals of skill development and text coverage laid down by reading policy. The teachers reported their own experiences of teaching reading as being characterised by a tension between encouraging children’s personal engagement with, and responses to, reading material, and fulfilling the demands of a prescriptive curriculum within severe time constraints.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T11:30:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 terezinhatoledomelquiadesdemelo.pdf: 1393809 bytes, checksum: a5c89003a45e7a8e52da5a4efb18f84a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:47:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 terezinhatoledomelquiadesdemelo.pdf: 1393809 bytes, checksum: a5c89003a45e7a8e52da5a4efb18f84a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:47:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 terezinhatoledomelquiadesdemelo.pdf: 1393809 bytes, checksum: a5c89003a45e7a8e52da5a4efb18f84a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:47:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 terezinhatoledomelquiadesdemelo.pdf: 1393809 bytes, checksum: a5c89003a45e7a8e52da5a4efb18f84a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-20 / Atualmente, defende-se um trabalho pedagógico nos anos iniciais que envolva tanto o alfabetizar quanto o letrar. Esta é a nova e desafiadora tarefa que se apresenta aos professores. No entanto, o que isto significa em termos pedagógicos? Ou seja, o que a professora faz em sala de aula, no ensino da língua escrita, na perspectiva do alfabetizar letrando? A alfabetização, em determinado momento histórico, era compreendida como mera aquisição de um código linguístico. Em momento posterior, devido ao entendimento equivocado dos estudos construtivistas, passou a ser concebida como a inserção do aluno no mundo dos textos, desprestigiando assim, os aspectos específicos do sistema de escrita. Atualmente, busca-se um equilíbrio destes dois aspectos. É fundamental que as crianças adquiram capacidades inerentes ao sistema, mas ao mesmo tempo essa aquisição deve ser feita por meio dos usos sociais que se faz da leitura e da escrita. Para compreender este processo, investigamos a prática pedagógica de uma professora em uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental, numa escola da Rede Pública de Ensino de Juiz de Fora/MG, que afirma alfabetizar letrando. Analisamos, por meio das atividades realizadas em sala de aula, como a referida professora desenvolve as capacidades linguísticas (BRASIL, 2007) junto aos seus alunos. Buscamos em Soares (2004, 2006, 2008), Kleiman (1995), Rojo (1998, 2009), Ferreiro e Teberosky (1991), Ferreiro (1996), Bakhtin (2003, 2004) e Vigostski (2007, 2009) construtos teóricos para subsidiar nossas reflexões. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa interpretativista de cunho etnográfico. Como instrumentos de geração de dados optou-se pela observação, entrevista e notas de campo. A análise foi realizada com base em cinco eixos: Apropriação do sistema de escrita, Compreensão e Valorização da Cultura Escrita, Leitura, Produção de texto e Desenvolvimento da Oralidade. Selecionamos, a partir das atividades realizadas pela professora, capacidades inerentes a cada um dos eixos citados para serem analisadas na concepção do alfabetizar letrando. No eixo Apropriação do sistema de escrita utiliza de um gênero textual, a escrita da data e da rotina do dia, para desenvolver aspectos inerentes ao sistema alfabético. No que concerne ao eixo Compreensão e Valorização da Cultura Escrita a professora envolve os alunos em situações significativas de leitura e de escrita, de modo que eles possam perceber a função do aprendizado de ler e escrever. O trabalho com o eixo Leitura baseia-se no uso de estratégias leitoras que possibilitem o entendimento de textos que circulam socialmente. Ao tratar do eixo Produção de textos propõe a escrita coletiva de uma carta aos colegas do ano seguinte. Por fim, no eixo Desenvolvimento da Oralidade possibilita aos alunos vivenciarem um momento em que confeccionam um cartaz e o apresentam oralmente à turma. A professora no trabalho desenvolvido com todos os eixos busca inserir os alunos em vivências letradas. Entretanto, percebemos uma menor ênfase nos aspectos do eixo Apropriação do sistema de escrita. Por fim, destacamos a possibilidade de organização e sistematização do trabalho na alfabetização por meio dos eixos e capacidades linguísticas. / Currently, it is argued a teaching job in the early years involving both the reading instruction and literacy. This is the new and challenging task that is presented to teachers. However, what does this mean in terms of teaching? Is that, what the teacher does in the classroom, the teaching of writing, from the perspective of reading instruction literacy? Literacy, in a particular historical moment, was understood as a mere acquisition of a language code. Thereafter, due to misunderstanding of constructivist studies, came to be conceived as the inclusion of students in the world of texts, giving no credits so, to the specific aspects of the writing system. Presently, we seek to balance these two aspects. It is essential that children acquire skills inherent in the system, but at the same time the acquisition must be made through the social uses of reading and writing. To understand this process, we investigated the pedagogical practices of a teacher in a class of 2nd year of elementary school, in the Public School System in Juiz de Fora / MG, which states practicing reading instructions literacy. We analyzed it through activities in the classroom, how the teacher develops language skills (BRAZIL, 2007) along with their students. We sought in Smith (2004, 2006, 2008), Kleiman (1995), Rojo (1998, 2009), Smith and Teberosky (1991), Smith (1996), Bakhtin (2003, 2004) and Vigostski (2007, 2009) theoretical constructs to subsidize our reflections. The methodology used was an interpretative research with ethnographic characteristics. For data generation instruments were chosen observation, interview and field notes. The analysis was performed on the basis of these five axes: Writing System Ownership, Understanding and Valuing Culture Writing, Reading, Text Production and Development of Orality. We selected from the activities carried out by the teacher, inherent capabilities in each of the referred axes for being considered in the reading instruction literacy conception.In Writing System Ownership axis uses a genre, the writing of the date and the daily routine, to develop aspects inherent to the alphabetic system. Concerning to Understanding and Valuing Culture Writing the teacher engages students in significant situations of reading and writing, so that they can realize the function of learning how to read and write. The work with the axis Reading is based on the use of reading strategies which enable the readers’ understanding of socially circulating texts. By treating the Text Production axis, proposed by the collective writing of a letter to the following year colleagues. Finally, the axis of Orality Development enables students to experience a moment in which they make a poster and present it orally to the class. A teacher at work with all axes attempts to insert students into literate experiences. However, we see a lower emphasis on ownership of the axis of the writing system. Finally, we highlight the possibility of organization and systematization of work in literacy through the axes and language skills.