Orientador: Marcos Tadeu Del Roio / Banca:Paulo Ribeiro da Cunha / Banca:Eliel Ribeiro da Cunha / Resumo: Desde o início dos anos 80, a crise do chamado "socialismo real" era um fato evidente. A relativa estagnação econômica e os investimentos massivos na indústria bélica, a ampliação da contestação nos países do leste-europeu, dentre outros, eram sintomas da crise de hegemonia da burocracia socialista, que tentou uma última cartada com a Perestroika. A crise iniciada na Europa oriental, que tem como marco simbólico a queda do muro de Berlim, culminou com a desintegração da União Soviética. Visceralmente ligados à URSS, os partidos comunistas de todo o mundo sentiram o impacto dessa crise terminal. O Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), que assistia à saída de Luis Carlos Prestes do partido, também sentiu a crise e foi diretamente envolvido por ela, sendo que, em 1992, no seu X Congresso, consumou a sua própria derrocada. A ideia deste projeto é analisar como o PCB entra em crise no contexto de suas interpretações ilusórias das relações internacionais, deixando sua legitimidade minada, tendo em vista a queda do sistema socialista adotado na URSS e na Europa Oriental. / Abstract: Since the early 80's, the crisis of the called "real socialism" was an obvious fact. The relative economic stagnation and the massive investments in the war industry, the expansion of contestation in the Eastern European Countries, among others, were crisis symptoms of the socialist bureaucracy hegemony, which tried a last attempt with the Perestroika. The crisis, started in the Eastern Europe, whose symbolic mark is the fall of the Berlin Wall, culminated with the Soviet Union disintegration. Viscerally connected to the USSR, the communist parties around the world felt the impact of that terminal crisis. The Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), that was watching Luis Carlos Prestes leaving the party, also felt the crisis and was directly involved in it, being that, in 1992 during its X Congress, consummated its own collapse. The project idea is to analyze how PCB entered into the crisis in the context of its international relations illusory interpretations, making its legitimacy undermined, in view of the fall of the USSR and Eastern European socialist system . / Mestre

Parmi les courants de pensée française de l'après-guerre, le marxisme joua un rôle très important, en imposant les thèmes par rapport auxquels les philosophes se situèrent. Les débats sur le marxisme ne sont pas séparables de l'existence du pays qui prétendait le réaliser dans toutes les sphères de sa vie. La politique comme une action collective en vue de la transformation de la société par les débats et par l'émancipation n'a pas été développée, ni dans les pays qu'on disait socialistes, ni dans les pays dits « bourgeois ». En même temps, nous pensons que les intellectuels français de gauche dans l'après-guerre ont considérablement contribué au renouveau de la pensée socialiste. Il y avait ceux qui adhéraient au PCF, et d'autres, comme Jean-Paul Sartre, devenaient « compagnons de route ». D'autres intellectuels encore, comme Cornélius Castoriadis et Claude Lefort, voulaient former des groupuscules indépendants en critiquant la politique du PCF staliniste et du PCI trotskiste. La crise du socialisme réel, les luttes anti-bureaucratiques dans les pays d'Europe de l'Est et la découverte de la vérité sur les camps soviétiques, ont provoqué des ruptures de certains de ces intellectuels avec le marxisme. Les changements démocratiques en ont conduit certains à envisager la perspective d'une révolution démocratique au-delà du « socialisme réel ». Le but de notre thèse est de montrer que pour fonder une nouvelle société il faut une émancipation des travailleurs à travers la politique et à travers les débats des intellectuels... / The philosophy of Marxism had a very strong influence in the Post-war France. The discussions about Marxism are inseparable from the existence of USSR, the country that pretended to have realized the socialism in its social life. We mean by politics a collective action with the view of transformation of society by public discussions and by emancipation. In this sense, politics has never been developed both in so-called socialist countries and in capitalist countries. At the same time, we think that French philosophers of Left have considerably contributed to renew the socialist thought. Ones of them joined French communist party; others like Jean-Paul Sartre became Fellow Travelers. Some intellectuals like Cornelius Castoriadis and Claude Lefort wanted to create independent political groups. They criticized the politics of the Stalinist PCF and the Trotskyist PCI. The crisis of the « real socialism » and the anti-bureaucratic struggles in Eastern Europe and the discovery of the truth about Soviet labor camps resulted in exodus of French intellectuals from PCF. Some of them envisioned a perspective of democratic revolution against totalitarianism. The aim of our work is demonstrate that this revolution can be done only by emancipation of working people, especially through learning about the experience of discussions of the intellectuals...

Das sechste Potsdamer Textbuch ist eine solide und kritische Bilanz der Außenpolitik der DDR. Weder rechtfertigt und verklärt sie nostalgisch eingefärbt das vergangene System, noch verurteilt sie pauschal. Den Beiträgen liegen sowohl umfangreiche Recherchen in den Archiven als auch lebensweltliche Erfahrungen mit der Außenpolitik des deutschen Realsozialismus zugrunde. Der Band, der zum 70. Geburtstag des ehemaligen Professors am Institut für Internationale Beziehungen der DDR Claus Montag erschien, macht generelle Linien der ostdeutschen Außenpolitik sichtbar und zeigt zugleich sehr konkret die internationale Vernetzung der DDR in den verschiedenen Phasen des Kalten Krieges.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 taffanello_pm_me_mar.pdf: 542477 bytes, checksum: 8625fa712042b7cc27c0b714e2c105a4 (MD5) / Desde o início dos anos 80, a crise do chamado socialismo real era um fato evidente. A relativa estagnação econômica e os investimentos massivos na indústria bélica, a ampliação da contestação nos países do leste-europeu, dentre outros, eram sintomas da crise de hegemonia da burocracia socialista, que tentou uma última cartada com a Perestroika. A crise iniciada na Europa oriental, que tem como marco simbólico a queda do muro de Berlim, culminou com a desintegração da União Soviética. Visceralmente ligados à URSS, os partidos comunistas de todo o mundo sentiram o impacto dessa crise terminal. O Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), que assistia à saída de Luis Carlos Prestes do partido, também sentiu a crise e foi diretamente envolvido por ela, sendo que, em 1992, no seu X Congresso, consumou a sua própria derrocada. A ideia deste projeto é analisar como o PCB entra em crise no contexto de suas interpretações ilusórias das relações internacionais, deixando sua legitimidade minada, tendo em vista a queda do sistema socialista adotado na URSS e na Europa Oriental. / Since the early 80´s, the crisis of the called “real socialism” was an obvious fact. The relative economic stagnation and the massive investments in the war industry, the expansion of contestation in the Eastern European Countries, among others, were crisis symptoms of the socialist bureaucracy hegemony, which tried a last attempt with the Perestroika. The crisis, started in the Eastern Europe, whose symbolic mark is the fall of the Berlin Wall, culminated with the Soviet Union disintegration. Viscerally connected to the USSR, the communist parties around the world felt the impact of that terminal crisis. The Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), that was watching Luis Carlos Prestes leaving the party, also felt the crisis and was directly involved in it, being that, in 1992 during its X Congress, consummated its own collapse. The project idea is to analyze how PCB entered into the crisis in the context of its international relations illusory interpretations, making its legitimacy undermined, in view of the fall of the USSR and Eastern European socialist system .

The thesis aims to provide possible interdisciplinar explanatory schema of the fact, which is in literature as a mass conformity of citizens of real-socialistic régime in Czechoslovakia. Even in the 70s and 80s, in a time of ideological emptiness, was achieved that the vast majority of the population participated in the rituals of power, which could have a considerable psychological impact. People were regularly reminded of their humbling and social psychological task is to present concepts able to describe, how could be such a humiliation at one's self-image processed and what effect this may have on general conformity. By the most symbolic ritual, the elections, it is also necessary to examine, in what form were they period presented, because this also has an impact on the degree of tension between own actions and convictions.

This thesis deals with the topic of the human rights movement in Ukraine and Czechoslovakia after signing the final act of the conference on security and cooperation in Europe in Helsinki 1975. The thesis is an attempt of a comparative analysis of these two human rights movements in the late 1970s. The research focuses on the comparison of the social context for the dissent activity, the historical circumstances and the activities of the human rights groups. Particular attention is paid to the life stories of the actors of human rights movement and efforts to explore some common features in biographies of these personalities.

This thesis deals with the topic of the human rights movement in Ukraine and Czechoslovakia after signing the final act of the conference on security and cooperation in Europe in Helsinki 1975. The thesis is an attempt of a comparative analysis of these two human rights movements in the late 1970s, based on two concrete groups: Ukrainian Helsinki Group and Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted. The research focuses on the comparison of the social context for the dissent activity, the historical circumstances and the activities of the human rights groups. The thesis traces the main tendencies and topics in the activities of both groups. Particular attention is paid to the life stories of the actors of human rights movement and efforts to explore some common features in biographies of these personalities. Key words: Human rights; Helsinki movement; dissent; opposition; Soviet Union; Normalization; Czechoslovakia