Le docking moléculaire est une tâche complexe, difficile à appréhender pour une personne seule. C’est pourquoi, nous nous proposons d’étudier la distribution cognitive des charges de travail à travers la collaboration. Une plate-forme distribuée de déformation moléculaire interactive a été mise en place afin d’étudier les avantages mais aussi les limites et les contraintes du travail collaboratif étroitement couplé. Cette première étude, basée sur trois expérimentations, a permis de valider l’intérêt d’une approche collaborative pour des tâches complexes à fort couplage. Cependant, elle a mis en évidence des conflits de coordination ainsi que des problématiques liées à la dynamique d’un groupe. Suite à cette première étude, nous avons proposés une nouvelle configuration de travail associée à des métaphores de communication haptiques afin d’améliorer la communication et les interactions entre les différents collaborateurs. Une dernière expérimentation avec des biologistes a permis de montrer l’utilité de la communication haptique pour le travail collaboratif sur des tâches complexes à fort couplage. / Molecular docking is a very complex task that can not be deal by only one user. Based on this observation, we propose to study the cognitive workload distribution on group of users in collaboration. For this purpose, we implement a distributed platform to interactively manipulate and deform structures of the molecules. With this platform, we want to study the assets of the closely coupled collaboration but also highlight the constraints and the drawbacks. Based on three experimentations, the study validate the concept of workload distribution in the closely coupled collaboration. However, it highlights limits with coordination conflicts through communication problem. Moreover, some difficulties have been encountered with the dynamic in a group of collaborators.Based on these results, we proposed a new working configuration coupled with new haptic communication metaphors to improve the communication and the coordination between the members of the group. These propositions have been evaluated in a fourth experimentation introducing biologists. The results show the importance of the haptic communication to improve the coordination in closely coupled collaboration.

As part of the increasing use of technology in society, one particular school in Sweden follows the same path. The chosen school for this study has integrated digital tools such as laptops and a web service called Google Classroom. Within the service, there is an additional document creator called Google Docs which has several functions such as, storage, document creation, editing and commenting on texts and allowing instructors and peers to view the process in real-time (Slavkov, 2015; Wiles, 2015). The integration of Google Docs is of interest in this paper and the aim is to investigate its advantages for the feedback process and students’ collaborative work, and the possible disadvantages. The methodology in this study is a qualitative semi-structured interview with two upper secondary teachers in one school in Sweden. Both participants are experienced in using digital tools in their EFL teaching. Therefore, they help create further understanding and the pedagogical values of Google Docs. On the one hand, earlier studies promote Google Docs as an effective tool when it comes to managing and monitoring students’ work (Chu & Kennedy, 2010; Kessler et al. 2012), and the potential to improve student collaboration (Seyyedrezaie et al, 2016; Ishtaiwa & Aburezeq, 2015). Results show both teachers express that Google Docs is flexible and easy to use and share similar views regarding the facilitation of the writing process and feedback process. Likewise, in terms of students’ collaborative work. On the other hand, both teachers express similar concerns regarding the feedback process. The students would often rather know the final grade for their assignment rather than follow up on the formative feedback. Also, there are concerns that during collaborative work the students with higher L2 proficiency tend to have more workload than the others and end up teaching the lower proficiency level students’ important information that they should have listened to. The results imply that teachers need further guidance on teaching methodology, strategies for formative assessment follow up and organization of groups within classes when working with Google Docs.

在大中華地區，與親朋好友至實體店面KTV唱歌是極為常見的娛樂方式，但近年來至外地念書以及至外地工作的情形屢見不鮮，因此要與親友齊聚一堂、共同歡唱實屬不易。本研究的目的乃是要提出一種創新服務的經營模式，藉由現有攝影、投影和軟體技術的組合與改良，搭配空間情境的塑造，打破地域的限制，滿足不同地區親友與網友跨地域聚會歡唱的需求。 為了找出可行的商業模式，本研究透過實地訪查臺北、北京、深圳以及雲南等地的實體店面KTV，以比較各地經營模式與服務內容的差異性；並透過實際嘗試使用線上KTV網站，以了解目前線上KTV的營運模式與優缺點；更透過訪談各類潛在消費者以及問卷調查與分析，來確認目標客群並評估目標市場的大小。本研究從調查中發現，此種跨域實境的服務除了可以滿足各地親友互相聯繫的需求外，還可滿足商業溝通、愛唱歌者媒合以及陌生網友聯誼等需求。本研究針對這四種需求的目標客群，設計不同的行銷計畫與收費方式，並提出階段性的事業發展計畫。 / In the Greater China region, singing at KTV with friends and family members is a very common entertainment. Studying and working outside the hometown has become very popular recently, so if you want to sing and gather with family and friends it may be quite difficult. The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative service business model, by combining and improving the existing photography, projection and software technology. The purpose will be achieved by shaping space scenarios, creating innovative goods and services that can break the geographical restrictions, and will give people opportunity to gather together. In order to find the viable business model, in this study I will compare differences between business model and services in KTVs in Taipei, Beijing, Guangzhou and Yunnan. I will try to use the online KTV site to learn the operating mode, pros and cons of online KTV, interview potential consumers, use the questionnaire survey, and then evaluate the size of the target market, identifying target customers and a viable business model. After being verified and amended repeatedly, this service will not only satisfy the demand of those, who want to gather with relatives and friends, but will also satisfy the demand of commercial communication, matching the people who love singing, and will also satisfy the activities of unfamiliar netizens. In this study, according to the demand for these four target customers, different marketing plans and charging methods will be designed, and phased development plan will be proposed.

Despite the many technological advancements made in the music industry in recent years, there is still not a single widely adopted platform for musicians to play music together online. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent quarantine pushed the need for such a platform into the spotlight. As a response, the music company Elk Audio launched their new product: Aloha. Aloha is a combined hardware and web application that allows musicians to play music in real-time over the Internet. Aloha is currently only intended for musicians who already know each other to connect and play. However, Elk's ambition is to make it the go-to platform for musicians to expand their network.  The purpose of this Master's Thesis is to design the next version of the web application of Aloha, focusing on social interactions. This Master's Thesis investigates musicians' current social and musical behaviour, and their opinions of how this can be done online. Qualitative data was collected by performing semi-structured interviews with musicians of different backgrounds. The study revealed many different goals and needs of potential users of Aloha. Furthermore, we found several determining factors which enable and encourage musicians to form new musical relationships online. The final suggested design is based on the analysed data and founded in theory regarding persuasive and recommending system design, among others. / Trots de tekniska framstegen som gjorts inom musikindustrin de senaste åren, finns det fortfarande inte ett enda allmänt accepterat alternativ för musiker att spela musik tillsammans online. Covid-19 pandemin och den åtföljande karantänten förde behovet för en sådan plattform till rampljuset. I början av år 2020 insåg musikföretaget Elk Audio att de kunde fylla denna lucka med sin nya produkt: Aloha. Aloha är en kombinerad hårdvara och webbapplikation som möjliggör musiker att spela musik i realtid över Internet. Aloha är för närvarande endast avsedd för musiker som redan känner varandra. Elks ambition är dock att göra Aloha till en plattform för musiker där de kan utöka sitt musikaliska nätverk. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utforma nästa version av Alohas webbapplikation, med fokus på sociala interaktioner. Detta examensarbete undersöker musikers nuvarande sociala och musikaliska beteenden och deras åsikter om musikaliska interaktioner online. Kvalitativa data samlades in genom att utföra halvstrukturerade intervjuer med musiker från olika bakgrunder. Studien avslöjade de många olika målen och behoven hos potentiella användare av Aloha. Dessutom fann vi flera avgörande faktorer som möjliggör och uppmuntrar musiker att skapa och underhålla nya musikrelationer online. Den slutliga föreslagna designen baseras på det analyserade datat och grundas i teori om design av rekommendationssystem, m. fl..