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The effect of relationship banking on customer loyalty in the retail business banking environmentRavesteyn, Louis Johannes van January 2005 (has links)
Customer relationship management (CRM) as an academic subject and a business tool is as relevant today as ever before. As part of the CRM model banks have implemented the concept of relationship banking. The retail banking industry has been troubled with the issue of customer loyalty as both personal and commercial customers have shown the tendency to utilise different products and services from different banks or financial institutions. The problem seems to be Customer Loyalty (or is it?), which as a field of research has been exploited in recent years. The aim of the research report will be to contribute to the existing research on Customer Loyalty and the effects of Relationship Banking (as part of a CRM model) thereon. / Relationship banking, as exemplified by retail banks, is a valuable enabling
strategy that promotes competitiveness and provides sustainable success. The
utilisation of relationship banking as a business strategy to increase customer
retention, create customer loyalty and ultimately increase long-term profits is a
relative young tactic, originating in the 1980s and gathering pace during the
1990s. The correct application of relationship banking could impact on the bottomline
of banks favourably. Hence the positioning of this research to investigate the
effect of the relationship banking offering on customer loyalty, and its use in
realising customer loyalty and long-term value from relationship banking
initiatives.
The retail banking industry in South Africa is a complex and very competitive
environment, which is dominated by the big four banks (ABSA, First National
Bank, Nedbank, and Standard Bank). It is a business imperative for the
management of the banks to ensure that they establish, develop and improve
relationships with their most important asset, their customers. Operating in such a
dynamic environment requires of banks to fully understand all the factors of
relationship banking that affect their success and market share. What is the
impact of relationship banking on customer loyalty, and what are the possible
results that can flow from a close relationship between bank and customer?
The main research hypothesis states that business customers who receive the
relationship banking offering from their retail bankers are more loyal towards their
bank than those business customers who do not receive the relationship banking
offering. With this in mind the research seeks to clarify specific primary objectives
based on the hypothesis:
• To investigate the impact that relationship banking has on the loyalty of
business banking customers in the retail banks in South Africa.
ii
• To identify the critical factors of relationship banking that can influence
customer loyalty.
• To identify the benefits of relationship banking and customer loyalty.
The research composed of a field study in the retail banking industry, with a
sample of 80 business banking customers with a close business relationship with
their banker or having a personal banker looking after the relationship, and 80
business customers without a close business relationship with their banker or no
personal banker looking after their relationship. The survey focused on the attitude
or perception of business customers based on relationship and loyalty
dimensions.
The research, in combination with the literature review provided valuable insight
into the factors influencing relationship banking, its value as part of a retail
business banking proposition, as well as the effect it has on customer loyalty. It
also provided insight into the importance of customer loyalty and its impact on
customer retention and long-term profitability. It is clear from the literature review
and research that a relationship banking offering adds value with regard to
customer retention and loyalty. The results and findings from the research and
literature review represent a remarkable difference between the perceived
levels of customer loyalty of the two groups. This is an indication that
relationship banking affects customer loyalty positively.
The critical factors of relationship banking that were found to influence customer
loyalty included the value proposition, service and quality, employee competency
(relationship banker), price, reward and recognition, and communication. The
benefits of developing and building customer loyalty included: retention of
customers and staff, customer satisfaction, trust, word of mouth referrals and
growth, cost reduction, cross-sales, profitability (relationship lifetime value) and
enhancing the bank’s competitive advantage.
iii
The researcher recommends that retail banks must continue to implement
relationship banking offerings across all business customer segments. A possible
consideration will be to divide the relationship banking offering on different levels:
high-touch; medium-touch; and low-touch. These different value propositions
should represent mutual (bank and customer) requirements and financial
feasibility for banks. Banks must place customer-centricity at the core of their
relationship banking strategy.
To support the relationship strategies banks need to understand the behaviour of
their customers and their buying habits. Market segmentation is a critical aspect of
relationship marketing and the segmentation of business customers must be in
line with the different levels of relationship offerings. Segmentation should also be
in line with customer value or customer profitability, complexity of financial
demands, annual turnover and industry. This segmentation will allow banks to
provide the correct relationship banking offering to the right customer. To support
the segmentation process banks need to be able to determine the individual
customer profitability. Management information systems must be developed and
used to determine the customer’s profitability. Once the segmentation has been
concluded banks must implement and use applicable CRM strategies and CRM
systems to complement the relationship banking offering. It’s about knowing their
customers well enough to determine the kind of relationship they would like to
have. Banks must also try to extend their CRM strategy across all customers. The
support from top management and understanding of the relationship banking
offering is critical as a lack of support can derail the success.
The main recommendations for further study that transpired from the research
included:
• Research on the calculation of relationship life time value.
iv
• Research on a model for appropriate market segmentation of business
banking customers in South Africa.
• Research on the importance of reward and recognition strategies to valued
customers, plus loyalty programmes.
• Research on the key characteristics of relationship bankers.
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Phylogenetic relationship of Hirundichthys oxycephalus of Northwestern Pacific inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I geneLin, Tsung-wei 08 December 2011 (has links)
As one of the major preys of many important economic fish species such as swordfish and dolphinfish in waters off estern Taiwan, flyingfish belongs to low-end consumers in the food chain with the function of maintaining the stability of the Kuroshio marine ecosystem. Hirundichthys oxycephalus is the primary component of flyingfish-egg fishery captures in the northeastern waters of Taiwan, and is also one of the dominant species of flyingfish in eastern waters of Taiwan. However, the significant drop of the flyingfish and flyingfish-egg catch from 2006 to 2007 and the effects on ecosystem and fishery caused major concern from the fishery sector and academic field. In order to manage this marine resource effectively, the phylogenetic relationships and population structure needed to be characterized first.
In this study, the phylogenetic relationships of Hirundichthys oxycephalus of Northwestern Pacific was characterized based on the mitochondrial COI fragment. Totally 55 samples were collected between July, 2008 and November, 2010 in waters of Keelung, Ilan, Hualian, and Green Island. In addition, 12 more samples were obtained in Sebtember, 2009 from Tanegashima Island, and Yakushima Island of Japan. The DNA sequencing results of samples from Taiwan showed a total number of 29 haplotypes. The length of partial COI sequence was found to be 657 bp while the mean genetic distance was found to be 0.6%. In phylogenetic analyses, two major groups were identified in the phylogenetic trees by neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood methods. The majority of "Keelung inshore group" came from Keelung and Ilan waters. The main population of "Kuroshio group" came from Green Island. The variation between two groups was found to be 61.75% by amova. The DNA sequencing results of samples from Japan showed a total number of 8 haplotypes. The length of partial COI sequences was found to be 657 bp with a mean genetic distance of 0.53%. In the phylogenetic tree, the samples from Japan were found to belong to "Kuroshio group". The variation between the two major groups was found to be 60% by amova. It was inferred that the differentiation of flyingfish into the two major groups in Taiwan was due to the flow pattern difference of Kuroshio in northeast waters of Taiwan. It was also inferred that phylogenetic similarity of the samples from Japan and the Kuroshio group was due to the distribution of both groups locating on the same path of the main current of Kuroshio. However, applying different distribution assumption may result in different conclusion such as one single stock hypothesis. Further studies will be needed to confirm the stock structure of the species.
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The effect of relationship banking on customer loyalty in the retail business banking environmentRavesteyn, Louis Johannes van January 2005 (has links)
Customer relationship management (CRM) as an academic subject and a business tool is as relevant today as ever before. As part of the CRM model banks have implemented the concept of relationship banking. The retail banking industry has been troubled with the issue of customer loyalty as both personal and commercial customers have shown the tendency to utilise different products and services from different banks or financial institutions. The problem seems to be Customer Loyalty (or is it?), which as a field of research has been exploited in recent years. The aim of the research report will be to contribute to the existing research on Customer Loyalty and the effects of Relationship Banking (as part of a CRM model) thereon. / Relationship banking, as exemplified by retail banks, is a valuable enabling
strategy that promotes competitiveness and provides sustainable success. The
utilisation of relationship banking as a business strategy to increase customer
retention, create customer loyalty and ultimately increase long-term profits is a
relative young tactic, originating in the 1980s and gathering pace during the
1990s. The correct application of relationship banking could impact on the bottomline
of banks favourably. Hence the positioning of this research to investigate the
effect of the relationship banking offering on customer loyalty, and its use in
realising customer loyalty and long-term value from relationship banking
initiatives.
The retail banking industry in South Africa is a complex and very competitive
environment, which is dominated by the big four banks (ABSA, First National
Bank, Nedbank, and Standard Bank). It is a business imperative for the
management of the banks to ensure that they establish, develop and improve
relationships with their most important asset, their customers. Operating in such a
dynamic environment requires of banks to fully understand all the factors of
relationship banking that affect their success and market share. What is the
impact of relationship banking on customer loyalty, and what are the possible
results that can flow from a close relationship between bank and customer?
The main research hypothesis states that business customers who receive the
relationship banking offering from their retail bankers are more loyal towards their
bank than those business customers who do not receive the relationship banking
offering. With this in mind the research seeks to clarify specific primary objectives
based on the hypothesis:
• To investigate the impact that relationship banking has on the loyalty of
business banking customers in the retail banks in South Africa.
ii
• To identify the critical factors of relationship banking that can influence
customer loyalty.
• To identify the benefits of relationship banking and customer loyalty.
The research composed of a field study in the retail banking industry, with a
sample of 80 business banking customers with a close business relationship with
their banker or having a personal banker looking after the relationship, and 80
business customers without a close business relationship with their banker or no
personal banker looking after their relationship. The survey focused on the attitude
or perception of business customers based on relationship and loyalty
dimensions.
The research, in combination with the literature review provided valuable insight
into the factors influencing relationship banking, its value as part of a retail
business banking proposition, as well as the effect it has on customer loyalty. It
also provided insight into the importance of customer loyalty and its impact on
customer retention and long-term profitability. It is clear from the literature review
and research that a relationship banking offering adds value with regard to
customer retention and loyalty. The results and findings from the research and
literature review represent a remarkable difference between the perceived
levels of customer loyalty of the two groups. This is an indication that
relationship banking affects customer loyalty positively.
The critical factors of relationship banking that were found to influence customer
loyalty included the value proposition, service and quality, employee competency
(relationship banker), price, reward and recognition, and communication. The
benefits of developing and building customer loyalty included: retention of
customers and staff, customer satisfaction, trust, word of mouth referrals and
growth, cost reduction, cross-sales, profitability (relationship lifetime value) and
enhancing the bank’s competitive advantage.
iii
The researcher recommends that retail banks must continue to implement
relationship banking offerings across all business customer segments. A possible
consideration will be to divide the relationship banking offering on different levels:
high-touch; medium-touch; and low-touch. These different value propositions
should represent mutual (bank and customer) requirements and financial
feasibility for banks. Banks must place customer-centricity at the core of their
relationship banking strategy.
To support the relationship strategies banks need to understand the behaviour of
their customers and their buying habits. Market segmentation is a critical aspect of
relationship marketing and the segmentation of business customers must be in
line with the different levels of relationship offerings. Segmentation should also be
in line with customer value or customer profitability, complexity of financial
demands, annual turnover and industry. This segmentation will allow banks to
provide the correct relationship banking offering to the right customer. To support
the segmentation process banks need to be able to determine the individual
customer profitability. Management information systems must be developed and
used to determine the customer’s profitability. Once the segmentation has been
concluded banks must implement and use applicable CRM strategies and CRM
systems to complement the relationship banking offering. It’s about knowing their
customers well enough to determine the kind of relationship they would like to
have. Banks must also try to extend their CRM strategy across all customers. The
support from top management and understanding of the relationship banking
offering is critical as a lack of support can derail the success.
The main recommendations for further study that transpired from the research
included:
• Research on the calculation of relationship life time value.
iv
• Research on a model for appropriate market segmentation of business
banking customers in South Africa.
• Research on the importance of reward and recognition strategies to valued
customers, plus loyalty programmes.
• Research on the key characteristics of relationship bankers.
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A comparison of integrated transport and spatial planning instruments : a case study of the Eden district municipality, Hermanus local municipality and Cape Town metropolitan areas / Jessica Hendrieka PagePage, Jessica Hendrieka January 2012 (has links)
In the field of city planning, a growing need exists for the integration of spatial development with transportation planning instruments. This study identifies issues related to the definition, evaluation and implementation of the integration of sustainable development and sustainable transportation within three types of municipalities.
Significant issues that are explored include the various definitions of integration; the range of issues considered under notions of integration; the diverse perspectives on, and criticism of development and transportation integration analysis, as well as approaches to evaluating integration and transportation impacts on development. Furthermore, the study reports on the goals of each municipality, specifically with reference to sustainable public transportation decision-making; approaches to sustainable transportation, automobile dependency; land use; and finally, on sustainable transportation and development integration solutions.
Approaches to spatial development used to focus on the organisation of land use issues, but this field is increasingly defined more broadly to include economic and social welfare, quality of human health/life and environmental integrity. From a sustainability perspective, a narrow definition of sustainable transportation tends to favour individual technological solutions, while a broader definition tends to favour more integrated solutions, including improved travel choices, economic incentives, institutional reforms, land use changes as well as technological innovation. Integration focuses on the teamwork required between the relevant departments as well as between levels or spheres of government, and often entails the implementation of nodal-corridor approaches. Sustainability planning may require changing the way people think about solutions to transportation problems in the future.
The literature survey (Chapter 2) addresses a number of salient concepts, namely transportation and spatial development integration, public transportation and its orientated development, nodal-corridor development, as well as environmental and development relationships. Furthermore, an investigation into the legislative frameworks and policies is presented with emphasis on spatial development, transportation plans and node-and-corridors development (Chapter 3).
This is followed in Chapter 4 by a report on an investigation into, and interviews held with representatives from the three municipalities (Hermanus local municipality, Cape Town metropolitan municipality and Eden district municipality) with reference to the integrated transportation plans (ITP) and spatial development frameworks (SDF) of these municipalities. This section reflects the opinions of relevant role-players regarding the central aspects of this study. Chapter 5 presents a summary of the study as well as a number of conclusions. In this chapter, planning recommendations are provided with the aim of advising municipalities on possibilities for the integration of sustainable transportation plans and spatial planning / development instruments. / Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Urban and Regional planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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A comparison of integrated transport and spatial planning instruments : a case study of the Eden district municipality, Hermanus local municipality and Cape Town metropolitan areas / Jessica Hendrieka PagePage, Jessica Hendrieka January 2012 (has links)
In the field of city planning, a growing need exists for the integration of spatial development with transportation planning instruments. This study identifies issues related to the definition, evaluation and implementation of the integration of sustainable development and sustainable transportation within three types of municipalities.
Significant issues that are explored include the various definitions of integration; the range of issues considered under notions of integration; the diverse perspectives on, and criticism of development and transportation integration analysis, as well as approaches to evaluating integration and transportation impacts on development. Furthermore, the study reports on the goals of each municipality, specifically with reference to sustainable public transportation decision-making; approaches to sustainable transportation, automobile dependency; land use; and finally, on sustainable transportation and development integration solutions.
Approaches to spatial development used to focus on the organisation of land use issues, but this field is increasingly defined more broadly to include economic and social welfare, quality of human health/life and environmental integrity. From a sustainability perspective, a narrow definition of sustainable transportation tends to favour individual technological solutions, while a broader definition tends to favour more integrated solutions, including improved travel choices, economic incentives, institutional reforms, land use changes as well as technological innovation. Integration focuses on the teamwork required between the relevant departments as well as between levels or spheres of government, and often entails the implementation of nodal-corridor approaches. Sustainability planning may require changing the way people think about solutions to transportation problems in the future.
The literature survey (Chapter 2) addresses a number of salient concepts, namely transportation and spatial development integration, public transportation and its orientated development, nodal-corridor development, as well as environmental and development relationships. Furthermore, an investigation into the legislative frameworks and policies is presented with emphasis on spatial development, transportation plans and node-and-corridors development (Chapter 3).
This is followed in Chapter 4 by a report on an investigation into, and interviews held with representatives from the three municipalities (Hermanus local municipality, Cape Town metropolitan municipality and Eden district municipality) with reference to the integrated transportation plans (ITP) and spatial development frameworks (SDF) of these municipalities. This section reflects the opinions of relevant role-players regarding the central aspects of this study. Chapter 5 presents a summary of the study as well as a number of conclusions. In this chapter, planning recommendations are provided with the aim of advising municipalities on possibilities for the integration of sustainable transportation plans and spatial planning / development instruments. / Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Urban and Regional planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Opvoedkundige kinesiologie as psigoterapeutiese benadering vir opvoedkundige sielkundiges in die bereiking van emosionele welsynDe Kock, Maria Magdalena 11 1900 (has links)
Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om vas te stel of Opvoedkundige Kinesiologie deur die
Opvoedkundige Sielkundige gebruik sou kan word as 'n psigoterapeutiese benadering ten einde
emosionele welsyn te verhoog. Volgens Edu-K is die brein-liggaam sisteem onlosmaak:lik verbind en
emosionele blokkerings is nie slegs in die denke en intellek van die mens gelee nie, maar ook op
sellulere vlak vasgele.
Navorsing aan die hand van die idiografiese benadering is gedoen. Vyf proe:tpersone, wat aangemeld
is met emosionele probleme, het elkeen 'n reeks Edu-K balanserings ontvang volgens individuele
behoeftes. Die doel daarvan was om te bepaal ofEdu-K balanserings sou lei tot verhoogde welsyn.
Na die reeks balanserings is daar beduidende positiewe veranderinge waargeneem ten opsigte van
emosionele probleme, sowel as verbeteringe in ak.ademiese prestasie. Daar is ook algemene
prak.tiese riglyne gegee vir ouers, onderwysers en Opvoedkundige Sielkundiges. / The aim of this investigation was to ascertain whether Educational Kinesiology could be applied by
the Educational Psychologist as a psychotherapeutic tool in order to enhance emotional wellbeing.
According to Edu-K the mind-body system is inseperably one: emotional blocks are not only situated
in the mind and intellect of a person, but are recorded on cellular level as well.
Research was done by way of an idiographic approach. Five subjects with emotional problems
received a series of balances according to their individual needs. The aim was to ascertain whether
Edu-K balances could enhance emotional wellbeing. A significant positive improvement in emotional
problems as well as in academic performance were noted. General guidelines for parents, teachers
and Educational psychologists are also given. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)
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Opvoedkundige kinesiologie as psigoterapeutiese benadering vir opvoedkundige sielkundiges in die bereiking van emosionele welsynDe Kock, Maria Magdalena 11 1900 (has links)
Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om vas te stel of Opvoedkundige Kinesiologie deur die
Opvoedkundige Sielkundige gebruik sou kan word as 'n psigoterapeutiese benadering ten einde
emosionele welsyn te verhoog. Volgens Edu-K is die brein-liggaam sisteem onlosmaak:lik verbind en
emosionele blokkerings is nie slegs in die denke en intellek van die mens gelee nie, maar ook op
sellulere vlak vasgele.
Navorsing aan die hand van die idiografiese benadering is gedoen. Vyf proe:tpersone, wat aangemeld
is met emosionele probleme, het elkeen 'n reeks Edu-K balanserings ontvang volgens individuele
behoeftes. Die doel daarvan was om te bepaal ofEdu-K balanserings sou lei tot verhoogde welsyn.
Na die reeks balanserings is daar beduidende positiewe veranderinge waargeneem ten opsigte van
emosionele probleme, sowel as verbeteringe in ak.ademiese prestasie. Daar is ook algemene
prak.tiese riglyne gegee vir ouers, onderwysers en Opvoedkundige Sielkundiges. / The aim of this investigation was to ascertain whether Educational Kinesiology could be applied by
the Educational Psychologist as a psychotherapeutic tool in order to enhance emotional wellbeing.
According to Edu-K the mind-body system is inseperably one: emotional blocks are not only situated
in the mind and intellect of a person, but are recorded on cellular level as well.
Research was done by way of an idiographic approach. Five subjects with emotional problems
received a series of balances according to their individual needs. The aim was to ascertain whether
Edu-K balances could enhance emotional wellbeing. A significant positive improvement in emotional
problems as well as in academic performance were noted. General guidelines for parents, teachers
and Educational psychologists are also given. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)
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More than partnership : a contextual model of an organic-complementary communion in world mission under consideration of kenosisGwinner, Detlef 02 1900 (has links)
With globalization the subject of partnership has become one of the main issues in World Mission. Partnerships are formed in all parts of the world in order to promote collaboration between churches, denominations, and mission organizations. Although good partner relationships are a desired objective, historical prejudices and cultural differences and bias lead to barriers which hinder good partnership relations. How can these barriers be overcome? Christian partnerships are usually only based on a collaboration of the partners and the Christian aspect in a relationship in World Mission is neglected. This study presents a theological basis for a Christian relationship in World Mission, coming from the creation of the human being in the image of God, the communion within the Trinity, especially the concepts of “kenosis” and “koinonia,” and the image of the Body of Christ. A second part of this study researches the historical and sociological aspects of partnership in order to identify barriers for a good partner relationship. The findings of the theological research will then be compared with the outcomes of the historical and sociological study and conclusions for an improvement should be presented. The foundation for mission-church relationship in a global context needs to be a spiritual relationship, since the acting partners come together on a basis of their Christian faith and are part of the universal Body of Christ. The kenotic attitude of the partners plays a major role in their relationship and the proposed model for functioning relationships in World Mission needs to be an organic-complementary communion. The last part then presents a new model for the relationship in World Mission, in which several elements of organic-complementary communion are described. These elements are living together in the Body of Christ, learning together, serving together, suffering and celebrating together, sharing together, working together, and discovering theology together. The study concludes with a proposal of a concept of a “common space” in order to show how such a new model could be lived out in the everyday relationships in World Mission. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)
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More than partnership : a contextual model of an organic-complementary communion in world mission under consideration of kenosisGwinner, Detlef 02 1900 (has links)
With globalization the subject of partnership has become one of the main issues in World Mission. Partnerships are formed in all parts of the world in order to promote collaboration between churches, denominations, and mission organizations. Although good partner relationships are a desired objective, historical prejudices and cultural differences and bias lead to barriers which hinder good partnership relations. How can these barriers be overcome? Christian partnerships are usually only based on a collaboration of the partners and the Christian aspect in a relationship in World Mission is neglected. This study presents a theological basis for a Christian relationship in World Mission, coming from the creation of the human being in the image of God, the communion within the Trinity, especially the concepts of “kenosis” and “koinonia,” and the image of the Body of Christ. A second part of this study researches the historical and sociological aspects of partnership in order to identify barriers for a good partner relationship. The findings of the theological research will then be compared with the outcomes of the historical and sociological study and conclusions for an improvement should be presented. The foundation for mission-church relationship in a global context needs to be a spiritual relationship, since the acting partners come together on a basis of their Christian faith and are part of the universal Body of Christ. The kenotic attitude of the partners plays a major role in their relationship and the proposed model for functioning relationships in World Mission needs to be an organic-complementary communion. The last part then presents a new model for the relationship in World Mission, in which several elements of organic-complementary communion are described. These elements are living together in the Body of Christ, learning together, serving together, suffering and celebrating together, sharing together, working together, and discovering theology together. The study concludes with a proposal of a concept of a “common space” in order to show how such a new model could be lived out in the everyday relationships in World Mission. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)
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