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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.

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Showing 21 to 26 of 26 (0.031 seconds)

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21

"Análise imunohistoquímica do osteossarcoma em pacientes com e sem metástases e sua correlação prognóstica" / Immunohistochemistry analysis of osteosarcoma in patients with and without metastasis and its prognosis correlation

Abadi, Marcia Datz 06 December 2005 (has links)
As proteínas p53, MDM-2, c-Kit, ErbB-2, PCNA e p-glicoproteína foram estudadas em 42 amostras de osteossarcoma ao diagnóstico, através da técnica de imunohistoquímica, e foram correlacionados estes achados com o prognóstico destes pacientes. O p-53 foi positivo em 23,1% (9/39), PCNA em 71,4% (25/35), p-glicoproteína em 40,5% (15/37), MDM-2 em 34,8% (8/23), c-kit em 67,6% (25/37) e ErbB-2 em 17,9% (7/39). Na análise univariada, a presença de metástases ao diagnóstico, a positividade de p53 e ErbB-2 influenciaram o prognóstico individualmente, entretanto, na análise multivariada, a presença de metástase ao diagnóstico revelou-se o único fator de prognóstico estatisticamente significante / We study, by imunohistochemistry technique, the proteins p53, MDM-2, c-Kit, ErbB-2, PCNA and p-glycoprotein in samples of osteosarcoma tumors at diagnosis and its correlation with the prognosis of this patients. The p-53 was positive in 23,1% (9/39), PCNA in 71,4% (25/35), p-glycoprotein in 40,5% (15/37), MDM-2 in 34,8% (8/23), c-kit in 67,8%(25/37) and ErbB-2 in 17,9% (7/39) of the samples. In the univariate analysis, the presence of metastasis at diagnosis, the positivity of p-53 and ErbB-2 influenced the prognosis individually, otherwise, in the multivariate analysis, the presence of metastasis at diagnosis was the only prgnostic factor statistically significant
GLICOPROTEÍNA P
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY/methods
IMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA/métodos
OSTEOSARCOMA/pathology
OSTEOSARCOMA/patologia
P-GLYCOPROTEIN
PROGNOSIS
PROGNÓSTICO
PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN
PROTEIN p53
PROTEÍNA P53
PROTEÍNA PROTO-ONCOGÊNICA C-KIT
PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN C-KIT
RECEPTOR ERBB-2
RECEPTOR ERBB-2
22

"Análise imunohistoquímica do osteossarcoma em pacientes com e sem metástases e sua correlação prognóstica" / Immunohistochemistry analysis of osteosarcoma in patients with and without metastasis and its prognosis correlation

Marcia Datz Abadi 06 December 2005 (has links)
As proteínas p53, MDM-2, c-Kit, ErbB-2, PCNA e p-glicoproteína foram estudadas em 42 amostras de osteossarcoma ao diagnóstico, através da técnica de imunohistoquímica, e foram correlacionados estes achados com o prognóstico destes pacientes. O p-53 foi positivo em 23,1% (9/39), PCNA em 71,4% (25/35), p-glicoproteína em 40,5% (15/37), MDM-2 em 34,8% (8/23), c-kit em 67,6% (25/37) e ErbB-2 em 17,9% (7/39). Na análise univariada, a presença de metástases ao diagnóstico, a positividade de p53 e ErbB-2 influenciaram o prognóstico individualmente, entretanto, na análise multivariada, a presença de metástase ao diagnóstico revelou-se o único fator de prognóstico estatisticamente significante / We study, by imunohistochemistry technique, the proteins p53, MDM-2, c-Kit, ErbB-2, PCNA and p-glycoprotein in samples of osteosarcoma tumors at diagnosis and its correlation with the prognosis of this patients. The p-53 was positive in 23,1% (9/39), PCNA in 71,4% (25/35), p-glycoprotein in 40,5% (15/37), MDM-2 in 34,8% (8/23), c-kit in 67,8%(25/37) and ErbB-2 in 17,9% (7/39) of the samples. In the univariate analysis, the presence of metastasis at diagnosis, the positivity of p-53 and ErbB-2 influenced the prognosis individually, otherwise, in the multivariate analysis, the presence of metastasis at diagnosis was the only prgnostic factor statistically significant
GLICOPROTEÍNA P
IMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA/métodos
OSTEOSARCOMA/patologia
PROGNÓSTICO
PROTEÍNA P53
PROTEÍNA PROTO-ONCOGÊNICA C-KIT
RECEPTOR ERBB-2
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY/methods
OSTEOSARCOMA/pathology
P-GLYCOPROTEIN
PROGNOSIS
PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN
PROTEIN p53
PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN C-KIT
RECEPTOR ERBB-2
23

Studies of transforming growth factor alpha in normal and abnormal growth /

Hallbeck, Anna-Lotta, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
24

Sobrevida e fatores associados em pacientes com câncer de mama, com diagnóstico entre 2003 e 2005 no munícipio de Juiz de Fora – Minas Gerais

Cintra, Jane Rocha Duarte 23 March 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-07T19:52:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 janerochaduartecintra.pdf: 2932380 bytes, checksum: 42ad605d16a81a90bf6a3c42a06ea6b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-08T13:22:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 janerochaduartecintra.pdf: 2932380 bytes, checksum: 42ad605d16a81a90bf6a3c42a06ea6b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-08T13:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 janerochaduartecintra.pdf: 2932380 bytes, checksum: 42ad605d16a81a90bf6a3c42a06ea6b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / Objetivo: Analisar as taxas de sobrevida de cinco anos e os principais fatores associados ao perfil imunohistoquímico, em mulheres com câncer de mama. Métodos: A população foi composta a partir de coorte hospitalar formada por mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama efetuado entre 2003 e 2005 (n=563) e atendidas em centro de referência em assistência oncológica de Juiz de Fora/MG. A data do diagnóstico histopatológico da doença foi considerada como início do tempo de sobrevida e a data do óbito pela doença foi considerada como o evento adverso. Foram censuradas as mulheres que permaneceram vivas até dezembro de 2010, data final do seguimento. Para aquelas que interromperam o seguimento, a data da censura foi referente ao último acompanhamento no registro médico. As curvas de sobrevida foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi utilizado para a avaliação prognóstica. Resultados: A idade média das pacientes foi de 58,1 anos, sendo a maioria das pacientes (81,1%) da raça branca e pós-menopausa (66,8%). Os estádios clínicos predominantes foram o II (36,7%) e III (25,3%). Os subtipos mais frequentes foram os luminais A (n=295 casos – 52,4%) e os casos com perfil desconhecido (n=107 - 19%). A função de sobrevida específica para o câncer de mama, no período de cinco anos, foi de 79,9%. Entre as principais características associadas com uma melhor sobrevida não ajustada, na população de estudo, destacaram-se: subtipos imunohistoquímicos luminais (A e B) (p<0,0001), raça branca (p<0,0001), tamanho do tumor ≤ 2,0cm (p<0,0001), ausência de comprometimento linfonodal (p<0,0001), estádios mais precoces da doença (p<0,0001), realização de tratamento sistêmico (p=0,01) e uso de hormonioterapia (p<0,0001). Os principais fatores prognósticos associados à pior sobrevida foram: subtipos triplo negativo (p<0,001), HER2 superexpresso (p=0,01) e perfil imunohistoquímico desconhecido (p=0,01); raça não branca (p=0,02); doença avançada (estágio III e IV – p<0,001); tratamento sistêmico não realizado (p=0,009) e não utilização de quimioterapia de 1ª linha (p=0,09). Conclusão: Esta pesquisa possibilitou uma melhor caracterização do perfil imunohistoquímico e da sobrevida de pacientes com câncer de mama. / Purpose: Analyze the 5-year breast cancer specific-survival rate and according to the immunohistochemical profile of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: The population was composed from a hospital-based cohort of all women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2003 and 2005 (n= 563), and treated at cancer care reference center in the city of Juiz de Fora/MG, Brazil. Survival time was counted from the date of the histopathological diagnosis and the date of death due to breast cancer was considered the adverse event. Women alive until December 2010, the final date of the follow-up, were censored. For those who interrupt treatment, censor date was the last follow-up in the medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated, and multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proporciona hazard model. Results: Mean age was 58,05 years, and the majority were white skin color (81,1%) and postmenopausal (66,8%). Clinical Stages II (36,7%) and III (25,3%) predominated. The most common subtypes were luminal A (n= 295 cases – 52,4%) and cases with unknown profile (n= 107 – 19%) Breast cancer specific five-year survival rate was 79,93%. A better unadjusted survival was observed among women with disease diagnostic, immunohistochemical subtypes luminal A and B (p<0,0001), white skin color (p<0,0001), with tumor size ≤ 2.0cm (p<0,0001), without lymph node involvement (p<0,0001), in a less advanced disease stage (p<0,001), and of systemic treatment (p=0,01), and who used hormone therapy (p<0.0001). The main prognostic factors associated with poor survival were: subtypes triple negative (p<0.001), HER2 overexpression (p=0.01) and immunohistochemical profile unknown (p=0.01), no white race (p=0.02), advanced disease (stage III and IV – p<0.001), no realization of systemic treatment (p=0.009) and no use of first line chemotherapy (p=0.09). Conclusion: This research allowed identification of the profile and disease survival of breast cancer patients, according to imunohistochemical profile.
CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA
Câncer da mama
Imuno-histoquímica
Receptores de progesterona
Receptores estrogênicos
Receptor erbB-2
Antígeno Ki-67
Fatores prognósticos
Análise de sobrevivência
Breast Neoplasms
Immunohistochemistry
Receptors
Progesterone
Receptors
Estrogen
Receptor
erbB-2
Ki-67
Antigen
Prognosis
Survival analysis
25

Молекуларна и генска хетерогеност метастаза у аксиларним лимфним чворовима код пацијенткиња са инвазивним карциномом дојке / Molekularna i genska heterogenost metastaza u aksilarnim limfnim čvorovima kod pacijentkinja sa invazivnim karcinomom dojke / Molecular and genetic heterogeneity of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients

Baroš Ilija 21 June 2019 (has links)
<p>HER2 Gene-Protein Assay (GPA) је посебно погодан за истовремено процењивање експресије HER2 протеина и статуса амплификације HER2 гена на нивоу појединачних ћелија и њихово повезивање са ћелијском морфологијом. Циљ истраживања био је испитати да ли су постојећи критеријуми препоручени од стране ASCO/CAP довољни за дијагностиковање HER2 позитивности код пацијенткиња које показују интратуморску хетерогеност, како у примарним туморима тако и у метастазама у регионалне лимфне чворове, учесталост HER2 хетерогености у макрометастазама лоцираним у лимфним чворовима, те да ли постоји јасна корелација између хетерогености нађене у примарном тумору дојке и припадајућим метастазама у лимфним чворовима. Испитивање је обухватило 41 од планиране 51 пацијенткиње које су испуниле све критеријуме укључивања. Репрезентативни парафински блокови метастатских лимфних чворова одабрани су из архивираног материјала, обојени GPA методом и процењени у складу са критеријумима ASCO/CAP 2013. Анализирано је 120 ћелија у хистолошком резу сваког метастатског лимфног чвора. Статус HER2 се разликовао између примарног тумора и његових метастаза у 13,2% (5/38) случајева. Један случај HER2 позитивног примарног тумора имао је HER2 негативне метастазе, два додатна случаја са HER2 позитивним примарним тумором су имала метастазе са статусом граничне амплификације без прекомерне експресије HER2 протеина и два случаја са HER2 негативним примарним тумором су имала метастазе са статусом граничне амплификације без прекомерне експресије HER2 протеина. У 17.4% (4/23) случајева са HER2 не-амплификованим примарним тумором метастазе су постале граничне у статусу генске амплификације. Једна од четири метастазе HER2 негативног примарног тумора показала је мали фокус HER2 позитивних туморских ћелија (&lt;3% тумора). Микрохетерогеност је анализирана у 108 лимфних чворова код 38 пацијенткиња и уочена у 22 лимфна чвора, тј. код четири пацијенткиње у свим анализираним лимфним чворовима, док је код једне пацијенткиње од 4 анализирана лимфна чвора микрохетерогеност потврђена у једном лимфном чвору. На основу добијених резултата може се закључити да постојећи критеријуми препоручени од стране ASCO/CAP применом прихваћених метода нису довољни за дијагностиковање HER2 позитивности код пацијенткиња које показују интратуморску и интертуморску хетерогеност како у примарним туморима тако и у метастазама, те да постоји статистички високо сигнификантан број макрометастаза лоцираних у лимфним чворовима које показују HER2 хетерогеност и позитивна корелација између хетерогености нађене у примарним туморима и припадајућим метастазама у лимфним чворовима.</p> / <p>HER2 Gene-Protein Assay (GPA) je posebno pogodan za istovremeno procenjivanje ekspresije HER2 proteina i statusa amplifikacije HER2 gena na nivou pojedinačnih ćelija i njihovo povezivanje sa ćelijskom morfologijom. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati da li su postojeći kriterijumi preporučeni od strane ASCO/CAP dovoljni za dijagnostikovanje HER2 pozitivnosti kod pacijentkinja koje pokazuju intratumorsku heterogenost, kako u primarnim tumorima tako i u metastazama u regionalne limfne čvorove, učestalost HER2 heterogenosti u makrometastazama lociranim u limfnim čvorovima, te da li postoji jasna korelacija između heterogenosti nađene u primarnom tumoru dojke i pripadajućim metastazama u limfnim čvorovima. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 41 od planirane 51 pacijentkinje koje su ispunile sve kriterijume uključivanja. Reprezentativni parafinski blokovi metastatskih limfnih čvorova odabrani su iz arhiviranog materijala, obojeni GPA metodom i procenjeni u skladu sa kriterijumima ASCO/CAP 2013. Analizirano je 120 ćelija u histološkom rezu svakog metastatskog limfnog čvora. Status HER2 se razlikovao između primarnog tumora i njegovih metastaza u 13,2% (5/38) slučajeva. Jedan slučaj HER2 pozitivnog primarnog tumora imao je HER2 negativne metastaze, dva dodatna slučaja sa HER2 pozitivnim primarnim tumorom su imala metastaze sa statusom granične amplifikacije bez prekomerne ekspresije HER2 proteina i dva slučaja sa HER2 negativnim primarnim tumorom su imala metastaze sa statusom granične amplifikacije bez prekomerne ekspresije HER2 proteina. U 17.4% (4/23) slučajeva sa HER2 ne-amplifikovanim primarnim tumorom metastaze su postale granične u statusu genske amplifikacije. Jedna od četiri metastaze HER2 negativnog primarnog tumora pokazala je mali fokus HER2 pozitivnih tumorskih ćelija (&lt;3% tumora). Mikroheterogenost je analizirana u 108 limfnih čvorova kod 38 pacijentkinja i uočena u 22 limfna čvora, tj. kod četiri pacijentkinje u svim analiziranim limfnim čvorovima, dok je kod jedne pacijentkinje od 4 analizirana limfna čvora mikroheterogenost potvrđena u jednom limfnom čvoru. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da postojeći kriterijumi preporučeni od strane ASCO/CAP primenom prihvaćenih metoda nisu dovoljni za dijagnostikovanje HER2 pozitivnosti kod pacijentkinja koje pokazuju intratumorsku i intertumorsku heterogenost kako u primarnim tumorima tako i u metastazama, te da postoji statistički visoko signifikantan broj makrometastaza lociranih u limfnim čvorovima koje pokazuju HER2 heterogenost i pozitivna korelacija između heterogenosti nađene u primarnim tumorima i pripadajućim metastazama u limfnim čvorovima.</p> / <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>ilija vogel</o:Author> <o:Version>16.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> 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26

Proteinska ekspresija i genska amplifikacija receptora humanog epidermalnog faktora rasta 2 ( HER2) kod adenokarcinoma pluća / Protein expression and gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with lung adenocarcinoma

Miladinović Mirjana 11 January 2019 (has links)
<p>Receptor humanog epidermalnog faktora rasta 2 (HER2) pripada porodici receptora protein-tirozin kinaze čija je aktivacija povezana sa proliferacijom malignih ćelija, inhibicijom apoptoze, tumorskom angiogenezom i sposobnosti invazije i metastaziranja. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora može nastati kao posledica amplifikacije gena i/ili transkripcijskih promena. Ekspresija HER2 receptora u humanim tumorima povezuje se sa agresivnijim pona&scaron;anjem i lo&scaron;ijom prognozom. Učestalost povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora u nesitnoćelijskim karcinomima pluća (NSCLC) je najvi&scaron;e zastupljena u adenokarcinomu u odnosu na druge histolo&scaron;ke tipove. Identifikacija HER2 pozitivnih NSCLC omogućava određivanje grupe pacijenata koji bi bili kandidati za specifičnu terapiju. Problem predstavlja izbor metode detekcije HER2 receptora i nepostojanje utvrđenog protokola za očitavanje rezultata kao &scaron;to postoji kod karcinoma dojke i želuca. Osnovni ciljevi ove doktorske disertacije su bili: da se odredi učestalost povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora u adenokarcinomu pluća; da se uporede rezultati povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora dobijene kori&scaron;ćenjem HER2 antitela &bdquo;Hercep Test Dako&ldquo; i &bdquo;Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5)&ldquo; antitela; da se uporedi prisustvo amplifikacije HER2 gena pomoću in situ hibridizacije (ISH) (Dual IHC HER2 kit;Ventana Medical Systems) retestiranjem uzoraka kod kojih je povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora ocenjena sa 2+ i 3+ dobijena &bdquo;Hercep Test Dako&ldquo; sa prisustnom amplifikacijom HER2 gena na uzorcima koji su pomoću &bdquo;Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5)&ldquo; ocenjeni sa 2+ i 3+; da se uporedi učestalost povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora i prisustva HER2 genske amplifikacije kod različitih histolo&scaron;kih podtipova adenokarcinoma pluća; da se utvrdi da li je povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora u adenokarcinomu pluća i/ili prisustvo genske amplifikacije povezano sa demografskim (starost i pol pacijenta) parametrima, pu&scaron;ačkim statusom, pojavom metastaza u regionalnim limfnim čvorovima i udaljenim organima, infiltracijom pleure i okolnih struktura, odnosno stadijumom bolesti. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora u adenokarcinomu pluća iznosi 7,4% za Hercep Test Dako i 2,7% za Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitelo. Kod pozitivne ekspresije slažu se u 2%, dok se kod negativne ekspresije slažu u 91,9% slučajeva, &scaron;to je ukupno 93,9%. Učestalost amplifikacije HER2 gena kod adenokarcinoma pluća je 17,6%, od toga je kod 2,7% slučajeva prisutna high grade amplifikacija. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora dobijene upotrebom HercepTest Dako i Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela i amplifikacije HER2 gena. Amplifikacija HER2 gena prisutna je kod 90,9% pacijenata sa povećanom proteinskom ekspresijom HER2 receptora koja se dobije upotrebom HercepTest Dako i kod 75% upotrebom Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora dobijena pomoću HercepTest Dako i Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela je najče&scaron;ća kod solidnog predominantnog tipa adenokarcinoma u patolo&scaron;kom T2a deskriptoru i IB stadijumu i acinarnog predominantnog tipa adenokarcinoma u patolo&scaron;kom T1b deskriptoru i IA stadijumu. Amplifikacija HER2 gena je najče&scaron;ća kod solidnog a zatim kod acinarnog i papilarnog predominantnog tipa adenokarcinoma. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora dobijena pomoću HercepTest Dako i Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela i amplifikacija HER2 gena se najče&scaron;će javljaju kod mu&scaron;karaca, pu&scaron;ača, u starosnoj dobi od 61-70 godina, tumora veličine 31-50 mm, N0 i M0 statusu bolesti, bez prisustva tumorske infiltracije pleure i okolnih struktura.</p> / <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Tanja Lakic</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> 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Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}</style><![endif]--></p><p class="Default"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor family having tyrosine kinase activity, which is directly linked to malignant cells proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, tumor angiogenesis and ability for invasion and metastasis. Increased protein expression of HER2 receptors can be the consequence of gene amplification and/or transcription changes. Expression of HER2 receptors in human tumors is associated with more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis. Incidence of increased protein expression of HER2 receptors in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLS) is mainly represented in adenocarcinoma, in comparison with other histological types. Identification of HER2 positive NSCLC enables determination of a group of patients who would be candidates for specific therapy. The problem occurs in choosing the method of detection of HER2 receptors and non-existence of determined protocol for reading the results, as the one ones which exist for breast and gastric carcinoma. The main objectives of this PhD dissertation were: to determine the incidence of increased protein expression of HER2 receptors in lung adenocarcinoma; to compare the results of the increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by using HER2 antibodies &quot;HercepTest Dako&quot; and &quot;Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5)&quot; antibodies; to compare the presence of HER2 gene amplification by in situ hybridization (ISH) (Dual IHC HER2 kit: Ventana Medical Systems) by retesting the samples in which the increased protein expression of HER2 receptors was graded with 2+ and 3+, obtained by &quot;HercepTest Dako&quot; with present gene HER2 amplification on samples obtained by &quot;Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) and graded with 2+ and 3+; to compare the incidence of increased protein expression of HER2 receptors and presence of HER2 gene amplification in different histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma; to determine if the increased protein expression of HER2 receptors in lung adenocarcinoma and/or presence of gene amplification is related to demographic (age and sex of the patient) parameters, smoking status, appearance of metastases in regional lymphatic nodes, distant organs, infiltration of pleura and surrounding structures, and stage of the disease. Increased protein expression of HER2 in lung adenocarcinoma is 7.4% for HercepTest Dako and 2.7% for Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody. In positive expression they are correlated in 2%, while in negative expression they are correlated in 91.9% cases, which is overall 93.9%. The incidence of HER2 gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma is 17.6%, from that in 2.7% of the cases high grade amplification is present. There is a statistically significant correlation between increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by use of HercepTest Dako and Ventana anti-HER2 /neu (4B5) antibody and amplification of HER2 genes. Amplification of HER2 genes is present in 90.9% of patients with increased protein expression of HER2 receptors, which is obtained by using HercepTest Dako and in 75% patients by using Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody. Increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by HercepTest Dako and Ventana anti-Her2/neu (4B5) antibody is most common in solid predominant type of adenocarcinoma in pathological T2a descriptor and IB stadium and acinar predominant type of adenocarcinoma in pathological T1b descriptor and IA stadium. Amplification of HER2 genes is most common in solid, and then in acinar and papillary predominant type of adenocarcinoma. Increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by HercepTest Dako and Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody and amplification of HER2 genes most commonly occurs in men, smokers, at the age of 61-70 years, tumor size 31-50 mm, NO and MO disease status, without presence of tumor infiltration of pleura and surrounding structures. </span></p>

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